DOCSLIB.ORG

“Libri” Di Nicolo' Manucci: Un Paradigma Per Una Nuova Committenza Europea in India (1680-1820)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“Libri” Di Nicolo' Manucci: Un Paradigma Per Una Nuova Committenza Europea in India (1680-1820) Corso di dottorato di ricerca in Storia delle Arti XXX Ciclo Tesi di Ricerca I “LIBRI” DI NICOLO' MANUCCI: UN PARADIGMA PER UNA NUOVA COMMITTENZA EUROPEA IN INDIA (1680-1820) SSD L-ART/02 Coordinatrice del dottorato: Ch. Prof.ssa Martina Frank Supervisori: Ch. Prof. Giuseppe Barbieri Ch. Prof.ssa Paola Lanaro Ch. Prof.ssa Elisa Bizzotto Valutatori: Ch. Prof.ssa Cinzia Pieruccini Ch. Prof. Andrea Colli Dottorando: Gianni Dubbini Matricola 956168 2 INDICE Ringraziamenti 5 Introduzione 14 1. L'occhio del medico e il tramonto di un impero: scene di caccia e rappresentazioni nelle opere di Manucci e Legrenzi. 27 2. Un 'mediatore culturale' veneziano nell'India del Sud: ritratti di corte (Libro Rosso) e immagini etnografiche (Libro Nero) eseguite da artisti indiani (1682-1720). 75 3. Jean-Baptiste Gentil e alcuni mercenari europei alla corte di Awadh: autoritratti, immagini sociali e scientifiche in un'epoca di transizione. 144 4. Foscarini, Griselini e Manucci: il restauro della Sala dello Scudo di Palazzo Ducale e le immagini dell'Asia (1760- 1763). 195 5. La committenza di James Skinner e William Fraser: immagini etnografiche dell'India del Nord (1800-1830). 237 Nota bibliografica 268 3 4 RINGRAZIAMENTI Durante questi tre anni di lavoro ho sviluppato un sentimento di gratitudine nei confronti di molte persone. Per questo vorrei, in esordio, ringraziare tutti dettagliatamente, in modo che questa non rimanga solo un'asciutta lista di nomi. Questa tesi non sarebbe mai stata possibile senza la pazienza e la mano ferma del professor Giuseppe Barbieri, mio principale relatore, che mi ha reso partecipe di molti scambi di idee, contenuti e di preziose indicazioni metodologiche durante un lungo e stimolante periodo di lavoro. Lo ringrazio in particolar modo per aver costantemente incoraggiato le mie ricerche all'estero, a caccia di documenti, archivi e bibliografie tra l'Europa e l'India, e per aver approvato ulteriori finanziamenti alla borsa di studio tramite le missioni di ricerca di Ca'Foscari. Gli sono debitore per le innumerevoli e precise correzioni alle varie versioni dei capitoli e alle note a piè di pagina di questo lavoro. Un sentimento di particolare gratitudine va inoltre alla professoressa Paola Lanaro, relatrice che ha sempre mostrato interesse nei confronti dell'impostazione multidisciplinare del lavoro e della sua natura di “storia globale” indirizzata comunque a particolari aspetti dell’arte e della committenza. Preziosi sono stati gli incontri, le discussioni seminariali e le lezioni da lei promosse e gli scambi di idee e approfondimenti sulla stesura dei vari capitoli. Anche la professoressa Elisa Bizzotto, mia terza relatrice, è stata sempre paziente nei confronti delle mie incertezze e perplessità. Durante i nostri incontri mi ha incoraggiato ad allargare gli ambiti tematici, anche quando sembrava difficile trovare le giuste interne articolazioni. Le sono particolarmente riconoscente per avermi permesso di risolvere alcune problematiche relative alla traduzione dei documenti in inglese, fondamentali per la tesi. Vorrei inoltre ringraziare la professoressa Cinzia Pieruccini dell'Università Statale di Milano - docente di arte indiana - per le sue 5 preziose correzioni della tesi in qualità di valutatore esterno, e così il professor Andrea Colli, storico dell'economia dell'Università Bocconi di Milano. Questo lavoro è frutto di una ricerca multidisciplinare che ha avuto una genesi complicata, tra studio a tavolino, lettura e ricerca di documenti d'archivio inediti, durante varie missioni di ricerca in diverse regioni del mondo. Queste sono state condotte in Europa (Regno Unito, Irlanda e Francia) ma anche in Asia, in India in particolare, durante una missione finanziata dall’Università di Ca'Foscari nel marzo 2016, tra Hyderabad, New Delhi, Lucknow e Jaipur. Di fatto la tesi è stata concepita concettualmente in viaggio e scritta tra l'Italia e le biblioteche di Londra. Vorrei iniziare da Venezia che fu il luogo di partenza di Nicolò Manucci in un lontano novembre del 1653. Nella città lagunare avrò per sempre un debito nei confronti del dottor Piero Falchetta, già archivista al Dipartimento di Mappe della Biblioteca Marciana di Venezia, massimo esperto italiano di Manucci che mi ha onorato della sua amicizia e che ha sempre pazientato di fronte alle mie domande e richieste. Sempre alla Biblioteca Marciana ringrazio il personale di sala e in particolar modo la dottoressa Orfea Granzotto che mi ha permesso di consultare in totale serenità e in più occasioni i manoscritti originali di Manucci. Presso la Biblioteca del Museo Correr ringrazio il dottor Camillo Tonini, già responsabile delle collezioni storiche, per avermi permesso di studiare e utilizzare alcuni documenti molto importanti relativi a Griselini. Ringrazio inoltre il personale del Correr, in particolar modo il dottor Claudio e il dottor Marin per le riproduzioni dei documenti. Presso l'Archivio di Stato di Venezia ringrazio le dottoresse Paola Salmini, Alessandra Schiavon e Michela Dal Borgo, in particolare per la sua accurata selezione dei documenti relativi a Griselini. Ringrazio inoltre il personale dell'ufficio per le riproduzioni. L'ambiente culturale veneziano è stato sempre stimolante e moltissime persone mi hanno incoraggiato e aiutato. Ringrazio Marino Zorzi per i commenti incoraggianti sulla mia tesi fin dalla sua fase embrionale. Un grazie particolare va a Franco Ferrari Delfino dell'Ateneo Veneto per il 6 costante aiuto e per aver letto e commentato i primi capitoli. Sono in debito di amicizia anche con il professor Stefano Beggiora per lo scambio costante di opinioni e soprattutto per la sua gentilezza e pazienza durante un intero pomeriggio di riflessioni alla Marciana di fronte al manoscritto di Manucci e alle immagini induiste del Libro Nero. Alcuni professori del dottorato interateneo in Storia delle Arti hanno dimostrato interesse al progetto fin dalla sua genesi. In particolare ringrazio la professoressa Francesca Castellani per gli scambi di opinioni sull'arte occidentale in India e l'Orientalismo, e il professor Guido Zucconi per i suoi pareri su vari temi della tesi, soprattutto sugli aspetti urbani. Il professor Marco Dalla Gassa mi ha offerto assieme al professor Barbieri la possibilità di partecipare a un convegno sul viaggio (“Nel Mezzo del Cammino”, 2016) tenutosi a Ca'Foscari in Aula Baratto e di redigere un report pubblicato per la rivista “Arabeschi”. Durante la ricerca in Marciana la professoressa Marica Milanesi, che ha curato l'edizione Einaudi del Ramusio, è stata particolarmente gentile e disponibile nella revisione di alcuni contenuti del quarto capitolo riguardanti Foscarini, Griselini e la cartografia gastaldiana: le sono molto riconoscente. Ringrazio il professor Luca Mola' e il professor Jorge Flores, entrambi docenti presso l'Università Europea di Fiesole (EUI), per alcune preziose indicazioni di metodo utili a inquadrare la figura di Manucci in una prospettiva di storia globale e per avermi permesso di partecipare come uditore a un seminario sul mondo Indo-Persiano svoltosi nel 2014 all'EUI. Ringrazio inoltre la professoressa Ebba Koch dell'Università di Vienna, esperta mondiale di arte Moghul, per i pareri riguardanti Manucci e l'arte indiana discussi con lei durante il convegno “Empires and Collecting” svoltosi al Kunsthistorisches Institut di Firenze nel 2015. In quella stessa occasione il professor Thomas Da Costa Kauffmann dell'Università di Princeton mi ha concesso il privilegio di una approfondita discussione sull'arte dei committenti olandesi di miniature e le collezioni europee. Ringrazio ancora il personale della Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, a Roma, in particolare l'archivista di sala, il dottor Paolo Dian, per avermi esortato a continuare nella trascrizione del manoscritto borgiano 7 riguardante l'incontro tra Gorla e Manucci. Ringrazio inoltre lo scrittore e giornalista Andrea Di Robilant per una conversazione sulla mia tesi in Piazza Farnese, ricca di spunti e prospettive. Ringrazio il professor Giovanni Levi di Ca'Foscari per le diverse ore passate a discutere sulla figura e l’opera di Griselini, la redazione dei “Quaderni Asiatici” e Sergio Bonantini. Ringrazio Sara Mondini e Giampiero Bellingeri di Ca'Foscari per alcuni utili pareri e stimoli riguardanti la tesi e il professor Francesco Guerra per le lezioni del primo anno di dottorato. Ringrazio infine mia collega di dottorato Elisa Daniele, per i proficui scambi di idee durante questo lungo periodo di studi. Numerosi sono i debiti di riconoscenza contratti al di fuori dall'Italia. Voglio ricordare Bruce Wannell, esperto del mondo indo-persiano, raffinato linguista nonchè generoso e paziente amico. Lo ringrazio per avermi sottoposto severe ma giuste critiche, osservazioni e commenti durante tutto il periodo di stesura della tesi, oltre a fondamentali traduzioni dal persiano. Ringrazio lo studioso inglese George Michell per le importanti discussioni riguardanti il secondo capitolo e i siti di pellegrinaggio dell'India meridionale descritti da Manucci. Del personale della British Library tengo a ringraziare il dottor Saqib Baburi e la curatrice del dipartimento di Persiano Ursula Simms-Williams per avermi consentito l'accesso al manoscritto Tashrih al-Aqvam di James Skinner e per avermi inviato le riproduzioni del medesimo. Sono particolarmente grato nei confronti del dottor Jeremiah P. Losty, ex-archivista dell'India Office Archive della British Library per un prezioso scambio di e-mail sui concetti di bazaar painting e Golconda school all'interno
Load more

Recommended publications
  • European Medicine and Physicians in Safavid Iran
    Archive of SID ORIGINAL ARTICLE European Medicine and Physicians in Safavid Iran 113 Abstract Zahra Eslamifard1 Simultaneous with the establishment of the Safavid dynasty, due to the Behzad Karimi2 developments in the global and regional relations, the ground was pre- Hamed Ahansazan3, 4 pared for the expansion of Iran and Europe relations. The main reasons for this were the propagation of Christianity, the presence of the Otto- 1- Ph.D. of Theology and Islamic Stud- ies, Department of Islamic Education, man government as a common enemy of Iran and Europe, as well as Islamic Azad University, Tehran North commercial interests. These relations reached their peak during the reign Branch, Tehran, Iran of Shah Abbas I., encouraging various groups of Europeans, such as 2- Assistant professor, Iranian Studies Department, Meybod University, Mey- religious missionaries, businessmen, ambassadors, political delegations, bod, Iran tourists, etc. to come to Iran. 3- M.Sc. of History of Medical Scienc- es, Department of History of Medicine, Physicians were seen in all the mentioned groups, especially in religious School of Persian Medicine, Tehran Uni- missionaries. So, owing to their presence, medical knowledge of Euro- versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran pean was introduced to Iranians. The first acquaintance with medical 4- History of Medicine Network (HiMed- Net), Universal Scientific Education and profession of European was obtained at the same time as the presence Research Network (USERN), Tehran, of the Portuguese in the Persian Gulf. Syphilis, which was first entered Iran Iran from Europe in the late ninth century and was called smallpox, led Correspondence: European medicine to entering Iran.
    [Show full text]
  • A Vivid Research on Gundīshāpūr Academy, the Birthplace of the Scholars and Physicians Endowed with Scientific and Laudable Q
    SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Soial Science (SSRG-IJHSS) – Volume 7 Issue 5 – Sep - Oct 2020 A Vivid Research on Gundīshāpūr Academy, the Birthplace of the Scholars and Physicians Endowed with Scientific and laudable qualities Mahmoud Abbasi1, Nāsir pūyān (Nasser Pouyan)2 Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Tehran, Iran. Abstract: Iran also known as Persia, like its neighbor Iraq, can be studied as ancient civilization or a modern nation. Ac- cording to Iranian mythology King Jamshīd introduced to his people the science of medicine and the arts and crafts. Before the establishment of Gundīshāpūr Academy, medical and semi-medical practices were exclusively the profession of a spe- cial group of physicians who belonged to the highest rank of the social classes. The Zoroastrian clergymen studied both theology and medicine and were called Atrāvān. Three types physicians were graduated from the existing medical schools of Hamedan, Ray and Perspolis. Under the Sasanid dynasty Gundīshāpūr Academy was founded in Gundīshāpūr city which became the most important medical center during the 6th and 7th century. Under Muslim rule, at Bayt al-Ḥikma the systematic methods of Gundīshāpūr Academy and its ethical rules and regulations were emulated and it was stuffed with the graduates of the Academy. Finally, al-Muqaddasī (c.391/1000) described it as failing into ruins. Under the Pahlavī dynasty and Islamic Republic of Iran, the heritage of Gundīshāpūr Academy has been memorized by founding Ahwaz Jundīshāpūr University of Medical Sciences. Keywords: Gundīshāpūr Academy, medical school, teaching hospital, Bayt al-Ḥikma, Ahwaz Jundīshāpūr University of Medical Science, and Medical ethics.
    [Show full text]
  • The School of Traditional Iranian Medicine the Definiton, Origin and Advantages
    The School of Traditional Iranian Medicine The Definiton, Origin and Advantages Moshen NASERI*, Mohammad Reza Shams ARDAKANI** * MD, Ph.D, Assoc. Prof. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Iran ** Pharm D. Ph.D, Assoc. Prof. Department of Pharmacogenosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran e-mail: [email protected] Summary Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) consists of the sum total of all the knowledge and practices used in diagnosis, prevention and elimination in Persia from ancient times to now, from generation to generation relying exclusively on practical experience and obser- vation handed down from generation to generation. TIM roots go back to over 2000 years ago and it is not too bold to go even fur- ther and claim that the Persians taught the Greeks the elements of that system of medicine, which has been known ever since as Greek medicine. Traditional medicine has special advantages with respect to all the imported medical systems; since it is considered as part of the people's culture; and has a significant role in solving some of the cultural issues of health. Simply, traditional medicine can be a good assistant and help to the scientific and universal medicine. Introduction, development, and promotion of traditional medicine are a respect and honor to the culture and heritage of the people all around the world. Key Words; Traditional Iranian Medicine, Iran, Persia. The School of TIM Howard-Jones has written in the World Health TIM (1) is a school that views the world as a good Organization (WHO) magazine of 1972 "the most and seeking discipline created by the wise and omnis- important editor of medical books in Islam was Abu cient Almighty (2); and has named the physician a Ali Al Hosein Ibn Sina .
    [Show full text]
  • Hakim Imad Al-Din Mahmud Ibn-Mas'ud Shirazi (1515-1592
    GMJ. 2013;2(4):169-73 www.gmj.ir Hakim Imad al-Din Mahmud ibn-Mas’ud Shirazi (1515-1592 A.D.), a Physician and Social Pathologist of Safavid Era Seyyed Alireza Golshani1,2, Behnam Dalfardi2,3, Ezzat al-Sadat Motahari1, Mehdi Dehghan Hesampour1, Mahsa Ansari1, Hassan Yarmohammadi2,3 1Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. 2Research Office for the History of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 3Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Abstract The Safavid era (1501–1736 A.D.) was the threshold of spreading security and welfare in the Iranian society. This era provided the chance for the talents to set steps for advancement. One of the characters in the history of Persian medicine who achieved successes in the shadow of the existing peace and security during the Safavid Empire was Hakim Imad al-Din Mahmud Shi- razi. While he was ministered in the court of Shah Tahmasb Safavi (King Tahmasb), he enjoyed the patronage of Dar al-Shifa Razavi (Razavi health care service) in Mashhad. He managed to leave a legacy of valuable essay and complications resulting from the abundant experiences he gained through the journey to India. The present paper is a study about Hakim Imad al-Din’s life and his essays.[GMJ. 2013;2(4):169-73] Keywords: Imad al-Din Mahmud Shirazi; India; Imam-Reza Hospital; Safavid; Shiraz Introduction medical issues in Qazvin and Isfahan (two Sa- favid capitals located in the center of Iran)[1]. n the end of Medieval period, Savafid dy- The present paper aims to review Hakim Imad Inasty (1501–1736 A.D.) was founded by al-Din Mahmud Shirazi’s biography and his Shah Esmaeil-e Safavi (King Esmaeil).
    [Show full text]
  • Hubble-Bubble in Iranian Folklore
    Original Article | Iran Heritage. 2019; 1(1): 19-34 Iran Heritage - ISSN 2676-5217 Hubble-bubble in Iranian Folklore Salim Salimi Moayed1, Atousa Bitaraf1* 1. Department of Social Anthropology, Iranian Research Institute for Cultural Heritage & Tourism, Tehran, Iran Article Info ABSTRACT Hubble-bubble has been the most common device for smoking tobacco in Iran and its Use your device to scan neighboring. It has a folkloric name in every region. Hubble-bubble consists of a glass and read the article online pitcher or pottery at the bottom, a wooden body in the middle, a wooden or plastic tube attached to the body for puffing, and a censer at the top to put tobacco and charcoal. Puffing causes the charcoal to catch fire and the tobacco to get half-burnt. The smoke goes into the body and then into the pitcher. Finally, it goes into the smoker’s mouth through the tube. In Iran, there are various tobaccos in taste and smell just like various hubble-bubbles in shape and size. Teahouses are the most common places to use hubble-bubble but many people are used to have it at home as well. Here, we study the cultural, social, political and financial aspects of hubble-bubble and consider its role in the people’s lives. This study has been done based on the latest anthropological and ethnographic studies of Iran. Besides published books, unpublished anthropological and ethnographical reports of the anthropologists in the Anthropological Research Center of Iran have been used to provide this study. Some of the subjects are the emergence date of hubble-bubble
    [Show full text]
  • Salafism in Post Soeharto Urban Indonesia
    Boston University OpenBU http://open.bu.edu Theses & Dissertations Boston University Theses & Dissertations 2015 The political economy of knowledge: Salafism in post Soeharto urban Indonesia Jahroni, Jajang https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14005 Boston University BOSTON UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES Dissertation THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF KNOWLEDGE: SALAFISM IN POST-SOEHARTO URBAN INDONESIA by JAJANG JAHRONI B.A., State Institute of Islamic Studies, 1991 M.A., Leiden University, 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 © 2015 by JAJANG JAHRONI All rights reserved Approved by First Reader __________________________________________________ Robert W. Hefner, Ph.D. Professor of Anthropology Second Reader __________________________________________________ Augustus Richard Norton, Ph.D. Professor of Anthropology and International Relations Third Reader __________________________________________________ Nancy J. Smith-Hefner, Ph.D Associate Professor of Anthropology Acknowledgements This dissertation could not have come into being without the help of so many people. I would like to express my sincere thanks to my advisor Prof. Robert W. Hefner who has encouraged me to study anthropology. It started in the early 2000s when I assisted him during his research in Indonesia. Along the way we discussed a plethora of issues ranging from politics to education. I never thought that this assistantship would eventually bring me to Boston University. Prof. Hefner has been helpful during the making of this dissertation. He tirelessly advised me how to write a good dissertation and how to become a good scholar. Special thank goes to Prof. Augustus Richard Norton who became my second reader. Prof. Norton always welcomed me in his office and offered me valuable comments on my dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Voices of Islam •
    VOICES OF ISLAM • Volume 4 VOICES OF ART,BEAUTY, AND SCIENCE Vincent J. Cornell, General Editor and Volume Editor PRAEGER PERSPECTIVES Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Voices of Islam / Vincent J. Cornell, general editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–275–98732–9 (set : alk. paper)—ISBN 0–275–98733–7 (vol 1 : alk. paper)—ISBN 0–275–98734–5 (vol 2 : alk. paper)—ISBN 0–275–98735–3 (vol 3 : alk. paper)—ISBN 0– 275–98736–1 (vol 4 : alk. paper)—ISBN 0–275–98737–X (vol 5 : alk. paper) 1. Islam— Appreciation. 2. Islam—Essence, genius, nature. I. Cornell, Vincent J. BP163.V65 2007 297—dc22 2006031060 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2007 by Praeger Publishers All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006031060 ISBN: 0–275–98732–9 (set) 0–275–98733–7 (vol. 1) 0–275–98734–5 (vol. 2) 0–275–98735–3 (vol. 3) 0–275–98736–1 (vol. 4) 0–275–98737–X (vol. 5) First published in 2007 Praeger Publishers, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.praeger.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48–1984). 10987654321 CONTENTS • Voices of Islam vii Vincent J. Cornell Introduction: Beauty, Culture, and Creativity in Islam xvii Vincent J.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Therapeutic Applications of Music in Persian Medicine Narjes Gorji, Reihaneh Moeini*, Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur
    Traditional & Integrative Medicine TRADITIONAL AND INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE Trad Integr Med, Volume 6, Issue 1, Winter 2021 Review On the Therapeutic Applications of Music in Persian Medicine Narjes Gorji, Reihaneh Moeini*, Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Received: 15 Nov 2020 Revised: 4 Feb 2021 Accepted: 9 Feb 2021 Abstract Music history is as old as human history and it has been used as a way to reduce human suffering. Persian Medicine (PM) scholars as one of the oldest traditional medicines applied music for health and disease management. This study aims to introduce some of the views and recommendations of PM sages about importance and application of music in disease improvement. Definition and applications of music were collected from main PM medical text books and then databases including Science direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar were searched to evaluation the efficacy of PM recommendations in conventional medicine from 1980-Jan-1 to 2020-Nov-1. PM used music and melody with several instruments to calm and soothe mind and body. Great PM scientists like Rhazes (10th), Farabi (10th) and Qutb o Din (14th), were dominant figures in terms of musical knowledge. They used music for treatment of several conditions including nervous system diseases (headache and epilepsy), sleep disorders, heart weakness and palpitation, digestive system disorders (gastrointestinal ulcer and appetite), sexual dys- function, and also for pain management. Nowadays, some of their suggested applications are examined in research studies and are used in academic healthcare environments against several diseases. Accord- ing to PM, to achieve the maximum impact of music effects in mind and body, several points should be considered including coordination of rhythm and melody with physical and mental characteristics and temperaments (Mizaj) of the listener and his/her illness.
    [Show full text]
  • European Medicine and Physicians in Safavid Iran
    ORIGINAL ARTICLE European Medicine and Physicians in Safavid Iran 113 Abstract Zahra Eslamifard1 Simultaneous with the establishment of the Safavid dynasty, due to the Behzad Karimi2 developments in the global and regional relations, the ground was pre- Hamed Ahansazan3, 4 pared for the expansion of Iran and Europe relations. The main reasons for this were the propagation of Christianity, the presence of the Otto- 1- Ph.D. of Theology and Islamic Stud- ies, Department of Islamic Education, man government as a common enemy of Iran and Europe, as well as Islamic Azad University, Tehran North commercial interests. These relations reached their peak during the reign Branch, Tehran, Iran of Shah Abbas I., encouraging various groups of Europeans, such as 2- Assistant professor, Iranian Studies Department, Meybod University, Mey- religious missionaries, businessmen, ambassadors, political delegations, bod, Iran tourists, etc. to come to Iran. 3- M.Sc. of History of Medical Scienc- es, Department of History of Medicine, Physicians were seen in all the mentioned groups, especially in religious School of Persian Medicine, Tehran Uni- missionaries. So, owing to their presence, medical knowledge of Euro- versity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran pean was introduced to Iranians. The first acquaintance with medical 4- History of Medicine Network (HiMed- Net), Universal Scientific Education and profession of European was obtained at the same time as the presence Research Network (USERN), Tehran, of the Portuguese in the Persian Gulf. Syphilis, which was first entered Iran Iran from Europe in the late ninth century and was called smallpox, led Correspondence: European medicine to entering Iran. Hamed Ahansazan The researchers of the present study, based on the reports related to the M.Sc.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Halakhic Authorities' Attitudes Towards Treating Muslims in the 12Th
    The Review of Rabbinic Judaism 21 (2018) 108–133 brill.com/rrj “I bear the burden of treating the gentiles”: Jewish Halakhic Authorities’ Attitudes towards Treating Muslims in the 12th–18th Centuries Abraham Ofir Shemesh Ariel University, P.O.B. 3, Ariel, 40700, Israel [email protected] Abstract The paper focuses on the religious, social, and historical aspects of the ancient Jewish prohibition against treating non-Jews. It discusses the attitude of rabbinic authorities towards providing medical service to Muslims in medieval and pre-modern times. It points out that circumstances did not enable the public to fulfill these instructions to the letter, and therefore many halakhic authorities in the post-Talmudic period dispensed with the prohibition almost completely. The question of treating Muslims was discussed by halakhic authorities in both Christian and Muslim countries. Stricter views were voiced concerning the treatment of Christians, but the dispensation to treat Muslims and deliver their babies was more pronounced. Halakhic authorities claimed that the original prohibition regarded idolaters, while Muslims do not engage in idolatry. Another major claim supporting the concession was a concern for animos- ity and harassment within the non-Jewish environment. Keywords Maimonides – Baruch Harofe – Ḥekim Yakub – idolaters – halakhic authorities – Jews treating non-Jews The physician-patient relationship is the basis of all medical systems, and it is inherent in all enduring human societies. Such interpersonal relationships have social significance as well, as they create an essential point of conver- gence between people who belong to diverse faiths and cultures, which are © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2018 | doi 10.1163/15700704-12341339Downloaded from Brill.com09/26/2021 12:30:07PM via free access “I bear the burden of treating the gentiles” 109 sometimes rival and hostile.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G. Phd, Mphil, Dclinpsychol) at the University of Edinburgh
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. 1 Examining Editions of THE NATURAL HISTORY OF ALEPPO: Revitalizing Eighteenth-Century Texts Janet Catherine Murray Starkey Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD University of Edinburgh 2013 2 PhD abstract University of Edinburgh 2012 Examining Editions of The Natural History of Aleppo: Revitalizing Eighteenth-Century Texts Janet Catherine Murray Starkey Abstract This thesis revisits the liberal intellectual tradition of the Scottish Enlightenment by comparing two editions of The Natural History of Aleppo (1756: 1794) written and/or edited by Scottish physicians, half-brothers Alexander and Patrick Russell, in which they recorded their observations of Aleppo in northern Syria. There has been only one other monograph written about this text, entitled Aleppo observed by Maurits van den Boogert and published in 2010. As yet no comparative study of the two editions seems to have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Especially Persian Muslim Physicians) on the Subject of Contagious Diseases and Immunity
    Vllillme � Number J ZerlleSrMI U(I') r-.1c\!i�;11Juurnal "Irhe Hnj..lh IJI! hl,lInk I{qluhh\· ••• Ii,,,, Winlcr 1\1911 History of Medicine A SURVEY OF THE VIEWS OF IRANIAN SAV ANTS (ESPECIALLY PERSIAN MUSLIM PHYSICIANS) ON THE SUBJECT OF CONTAGIOUS DISEASES AND IMMUNITY HASSAN TADJBAKHSH, D.V.M" From thc FaCIlity o!Vetcrillllry Medicinc. Tchran Vlliller."it)' MJIRI, Vol. 4, No.4, 273-286,1990 Ever since man acquired knowledge of himself, he Mohmmad Zakaria Razi, Sheikhal-Rais Abu Ali Sina became aware of certain diseases, witnessed the deaths (Avicenna), Sayyed Ismail lorjani, Baha-addowlah they inflicted with regret and tried, as much as his Nourbaksh Razi and others in the matters of conta­ rudimentary knowledge permitted, to remedy them. gious diseases and immunology. At this point it must be Among the various diseases, the contagious and com­ said that ancient medicine of Iran is a boundless sea municable diseases, were, and still are, of prime im­ requiring life-time depth investigation by researchers portance. We find traces of such diseases in written of considerable insight. records existant from the earliest times. Indeed, the What I, with my scant scientific knowledge, have history of communicable diseases is as ancient as man been able to put forth here is buta minor token and I ask himself. the lord for success. In order to throw light on the origins of data concerning communicable diseases in Iran and to Documents Relating to Contagions Diseases in Ancient determine the resistance pf man's body, we will first of Downloaded from mjiri.iums.ac.ir at 12:59 IRST on Sunday October 10th 2021 Egypt all in this article glance over indications and symptoms of such diseases in ancient Egypt, in the religious texts Certain written scrolls of papyrus(1) discovered in of Avesta and in the old Testament to be followed by a archeological excavations contain indications to conta­ brief comment on the ancient philosophers of Greece gious diseases.
    [Show full text]