2018 TRV Specifications No statewide standard use or special specification exists for this planned work Rev 003-05/24/18 Rice, Andy FC/PM

SPECIFICATION TxDOT Travel Information Division

Judge Roy Bean Museum and Visitors Center Langtry, Texas

Historical and Native Garden Site Signage Maintenance

1.0 SITE FAMILIARIZATION AND SPECIAL WORK CONDITIONS

A. FACILITY PROFILE OVERVIEW.

1. The Texas Department of Transportation (TXDOT)-Travel Information Division operates twelve (12) Travel Information Centers (TICs) across the State of Texas.

2. The TICs serve the travelling public at entry points into Texas. The TICs are “highly visible” to the public and are the “Face of TXDOT” to the travelling public.

3. During times of natural disaster and state emergencies, the TICs serve as emergency call and response centers supporting Drive Texas and other emergency response efforts as needed and directed by the TxDOT Executive Director and Communications Director.

B. LOCATION(s). Work site and delivery locations for these specifications are the Texas Department of Transportation-Travel Information Center located at:

1. US 90 W/State Loop 25 at Torres Ave., Langtry, TX 78871

C. HOURS OF OPERATION.

1. Normal hours of Operation for the TIC are 0800-1700 hours Monday thru Sunday.

2. Facilities are open three hundred sixty (360) days a year and are open on weekends and most federal and state holidays.

D. FACILITY AND CONSTRUCTION RESTRICTIONS.

1. TIC Facilities cannot be shut down in entirety during construction regardless of level of construction. Operations to support travelling public must continue and construction must be planned and phased to ensure continuity of operations.

2. Construction areas in and around TIC Facilities are to be maintained in a high state of repair and cleanliness with thought being given to appearance and public perception.

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2018 TRV Specifications No statewide standard use or special specification exists for this planned work Rev 003-05/24/18 Rice, Andy FC/PM

SPECIFICATION TxDOT Travel Information Division

Judge Roy Bean Museum and Visitors Center Langtry, Texas

Historical and Native Garden Site Signage Maintenance

3. Contractors are never to engage with the Public or TXDOT Staff with the exception of the TXDOT Technical Representative, Travel Center Supervisor, and their designated representative.

4. All Construction areas are to be identified and secured with OSHA approved identification and markings so as to not allow access or entry by the Public.

5. Contractors will wear company identifying clothing and appropriate reflective Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for easy identification by the Travel Center Personnel and the Public while in the performance of their duties.

6. All Contractor personnel will be required to sign in each day with the Travel Center Staff at the Facility Front Counter. The construction lead or supervisor may sign in his/her employees.

7. Leave the work area clean and free of materials, debris, and vendor equipment to the satisfaction of the designated TXDOT representative.

8. Remove and dispose from the building all waste generated in performance of the service in strict accordance with all applicable rules, regulations, codes, laws, ordinances, statutes, and in an environmentally safe manner.

9. Place any material, which may constitute a fire hazard in closed metal containers and remove containers from the site daily.

10. Restrooms shall not be used for washing of tools and equipment.

11. The contractor shall make arrangements with the designated TXDOT representative prior to off-loading tools and equipment at the job site. The vendor shall park only in spaces assigned by the designated TXDOT representative.

12. Contractors are allowed to work on site during weekends and holidays that the TICs are open and are encouraged to do so in order to expedite completion of construction maintenance and repairs.

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2018 TRV Specifications No statewide standard use or special specification exists for this planned work Rev 003-05/24/18 Rice, Andy FC/PM

SPECIFICATION TxDOT Travel Information Division

Judge Roy Bean Museum and Visitors Center Langtry, Texas

Historical and Native Garden Site Signage Maintenance

2.0 SCOPE OF WORK

A. OVERVIEW.

1. On April 13, 1939, the Texas Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 29 states (last paragraph), “RESOLVED, By the Senate and House of Representatives concurring, that the Highway Department (now TxDOT) be requested, instructed, and directed to restore and perpetually preserve the “Jersey Lily” (Judge Roy Bean Visitor Center) in all of its pristine glory to the end that the fame of the “Law West of the Pecos” may never diminish, and the legends of Judge Roy Bean and the “Jersey Lily” may ever be told and appreciated.”

2. TxDOT and the Travel Information Division have a State mandated responsibility to manage the grounds and historical site maintenance of the Judge Roy Bean Visitor Center.

3. This project is to provided replacement and maintenance of the Judge Roy Bean Visitor Center grounds and native landscape signage. This signage serves to educate and inform the travelling public of the historical and natural significance of the grounds and area.

4. The current and existing signage is in poor condition due to extreme environmental climate exposure and more than fifteen (15) years of continued use while exposed to the elements.

COMPLETION TIMELINE. Project must be completed no later than (NLT) one hundred and twenty (120) calendar days from date of contract award and execution.

3.0 SUBMITTALS

A. At a minimum, contractor will provide written submittals for:

1. Proof of Principal (Draft Prints) a. The contractor will provide to the TxDOT site manager and project manager one (1) set of draft prints of the proposed replacement signage prior to moving to production. TxDOT will formally sign-off on these draft prints and provide contractor written acknowledgment within forty eight (48) hours of receiving.

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2018 TRV Specifications No statewide standard use or special specification exists for this planned work Rev 003-05/24/18 Rice, Andy FC/PM

SPECIFICATION TxDOT Travel Information Division

Judge Roy Bean Museum and Visitors Center Langtry, Texas

Historical and Native Garden Site Signage Maintenance

2. Project Plan

a. Upon award of contract and Notice to Proceed (NTP), contractor will provide, within five (5) days of contract award, a simple written Project Plan that outlines the project processes and steps to successfully complete the project within the timeline specified.

4.0 CONSTRUCTION REPORTS

A. Contractor will be required to provide the following reports:

1. One (1) monthly progress report due to the TxDOT Site Manager and Project Manager once a month until project is complete. Email format will be acceptable.

5.0 REFERENCES (Applicable Laws and Standards)

A. Contractor will adhere, at a minimum, to the following trade, state, and federal guidelines and reference(s) before and during construction:

1. (OSHA) (29 CFR)(1910) Occupational Safety and Health for Employees

2. (40 CFR) Environmental and Hazardous Waste Guidelines

6.0 DEFINITIONS

A. Terms and written language used in the creation of this specification were derived from applicable professional trade journals, (i.e. ANSI, ASTM) and TXDOT technical reference material.

B. Contractor is responsible for understanding written professional language and construction terms outlined in these specifications and the follow-on contract or purchase order documents.

7.0 CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS

A. Minimum Qualifications:

1. Company specializing in maintenance and design projects that specifically apply to museums, parks, and historical buildings and whose business is primarily engaged in such work.

2. Contractor must be able to demonstrate such work on other State projects prior to award if requested by TxDOT.

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Judge Roy Bean Travel Information Center Native and Historic Signage PROJECT LIST -Material and Labor Created By: Rice, Andy W. FC/PM Date: 05/28/18 Line Item Estimated Service and Material Description Qty Each/Hours 1 Etched black anodized aluminum ID markers (9” wide x 5” high x .063” thick). 131 Ea 2 Etched black anodized aluminum plant ID markers (16” wide x 12” high x 3/16” thick). 24 Ea 3 Etched black anodized aluminum plant ID markers (24” wide x 24” high x 3/16” thick). 1 Ea 4 Etched black anodized aluminum plant ID markers (16” wide x 16” high x 3/16” thick). 2 Ea 5 Etched black anodized aluminum plant ID markers (9” wide x 2” high x .063” thick). 1 Ea 6 Etched black anodized aluminum plant ID markers (9” wide x 6” high x .063” thick). 1 Ea 7 Etched black anodized aluminum plant ID markers (6” wide x 3” high x .063” thick). Includes 2 drill 1 Ea holes 8 Upright in-ground super stake (42” x 1-1/4” x 7/8”) for attachment to safety/ADA signs 6 Ea 9 Stand (32” x 2” T leg with 6” x 6” plate) attachment to safety/ADA signs (no bend). 20 Ea 10 Stand (32” x 2” T leg with 6” x 6” plate) for attachment to plant ID signs 50 Ea 11 VHB tape (72 yard roll) 1 Ea 12 36”H x 54”W x ½” custom High Pressure Laminate (cHPL) interpretive panel. Four (4) ¼” threaded 1 Ea holes per panel; includes ½” long, ¼”-20 Button Socket Cap Black Oxide Screws. 13 Pair of 3” x 3” x 90” upright posts for 36”H x 54”W x ½” custom High Pressure Laminate (cHPL) 1 Ea interpretive panel. For in-ground installation. Black texture powdercoat 14 24”H x 36”W x ½” custom High Pressure Laminate (cHPL) interpretive panel. Eight (8) ¼” threaded 4 Ea holes per panel; price includes ½” long, ¼”-20 Button Socket Cap Black Oxide Screws. 15 Pair of 3” x 3” x 60” double pedestal mounting bases, 12” x 12” mounting plate, 45 degree angle, 3 Ea for 24”H x 36”W x ½” custom High Pressure Laminate (cHPL) interpretive panel. For in-ground installation. Black texture powdercoat. 16 Round railing mount (set of 2), for 24”H x 36”W x ½” custom High Pressure Laminate (cHPL) 1 Ea interpretive panel. Black texture powdercoat. 17 25”H x 25”W x ½” custom High Pressure Laminate (cHPL) interpretive panel. Four (4) ¼” threaded 4 Ea holes per panel; includes ½” long, ¼”-20 Button Socket Cap Black Oxide Screws. 18 3”x 3” x 60” single pedestal mounting base, 12” x 12” mounting plate, 45 degree angle, for 25”H x 4 Ea 25”W x ½” custom High Pressure Laminate (cHPL) interpretive panel. For in-ground installation. Black texture powdercoat 19 Lab sample (fabrication print proof) 1 Ea 20 Set Up 1 Ea 21 Wrapping & Crating 1 Ea 22 Photo Acquisition 1 Ea 23 Project Management 1 Ea 24 Graphic Design 25 Hr 25 Interpretaitve planning and layout 96 Hr Historical and Native Garden Site Signage Maintenance Langtry Travel Information Center Project: 566180-18-7

DESIGN TEMPLATES NATIVE AND HISTORICAL SIGNAGE LANGTRY TRAVEL INFORMATION CENTER

Desert Night-Blooming Cereus (Peniocereus greggii var. greggii) THIS IS ALSO CALLED QUEEN OF THE NIGHT BECAUSE IT BLOOMS FOR A FEW NIGHTS IN MAY OR JUNE. HUGE TURNIP LIKE ROOT IS EDIBLE AND SLICES OF THE ROOT WERE REPORTEDLY BOUND TO THE CHEST BY PIONEERS AS A CURE FOR CHEST COLDS. Texas Pistachio (Pistacia mexicana) THE ONLY PLACE IN THE UNITED STATES WHERE THIS GROWS NATURALLY IS NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE PECOS RIVER IN ROCKY, LIMESTONE CANYONS. MAY BE SEEN FROM PECOS RIVER HIGH BRIDGE BETWEEN BRIDGE AND RIO GRANDE RIVER. FEMALE PRODUCE TINY, INEDIBLE . Claret Cup Cactus (Echinocereus coccineus var. paucispinus) ALSO CALLED LANGTRY CLARET CUP CACTUS OR SCARLET HEDGEHOG CACTUS IT HAS BEAUTIFUL, RED FLOWERS ABOUT MARCH – APRIL. THE FRUIT IS TASTY AND UTILIZED LIKE STRAWBERRIES. IT IS FOUND IN MOUNTAINS, HILLS, AND MESAS THROUGHOUT THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN PART OF THE TRANS-PECOS REGION. Texas Rainbow Cactus (Echinocereus dasyacanthus) OF THE TWO RAINBOW CACTI IN TEXAS, THIS IS THE MOST COMMON AND MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED SPECIES. THE COMMON NAME OF RAINBOW CACTUS IS BECAUSE OF THE SUBTLE BANDS OF CONTRASTING COLORS ON THE STEM. THE EXTENT AND COLORATION OF THE BANDING CAN VARY TREMENDOUSLY. TEXAS AND LANGTRY RAINBOW CACTI ARE BOTH EXHIBITED NEAR THIS SIGN. Langtry Rainbow Cactus (Echinocereus pectinatus wenigeri) THIS SPECIES EXHIBITS ASHY WHITE SPINES AND NEVER HAS THE CONTRASTING BANDS SHOWN BY THE TEXAS RAINBOW CACTUS. RANGES DO NOT OVERLAP EITHER. THIS SPECIES HAS LARGELY DISAPPEARED FROM THE LANGTRY AREA DUE TO OVERCOLLECTION AND IS MUCH MORE DIFFICULT TO FIND IN THE WILD. THE FLOWERS ARE MULTICOLORED WITH MAGENTA ON THE OUTER EDGE, NEXT A WHITE BAND AND A GREEN BASE. Tree Cholla (Cylindropuntia imbricate imbricata) THIS IS THE TALLEST CACTUS SPECIES IN THE TRANS-PECOS WHERE IT IS FOUND THROUGHOUT. THE DEAD, WOODY SKELETONS HAVE BEEN USED FOR A VARIETY OF ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES. FLOWERS MAY – JUNE AND FLOWERS CAN VARY FROM MAGENTA, PURPLISH, ROSE-PINK, AND EVEN LAVENDER IN COLOR. OCCASIONALLY, PALE YELLOW OR COLORLESS FLOWER FORMS ARE OBSERVED NEAR FORT DAVIS. Icicle Cholla (Cylindropuntia tunicata ) A BEAUTIFUL SPECIES WITH AN EXTREMELY LIMITED RANGE IN TEXAS BUT IS QUITE COMMON IN MEXICO. THE COMMON NAME COMES FROM THE FACT THAT ON BRIGHT DAYS OR WHEN BACKLIT THE SPINES GLOW AS IF COVERED WITH ICE. FLOWERS APPEAR FROM MAY THROUGH JUNE. Davis’ Cholla (Cylindropuntia davisii) THIS CHOLLA CAN USUALLY BE EASILY OBSERVED WHILE DRIVING THROUGH THE PLAINS GRASSLANDS IN THE MOUNTAIN BASINS NEAR MARFA, FORT DAVIS, AND MARATHON. MUCH MORE HEAVILY COVERED BY SPINES THAN THE COMMON TREE CHOLLA FOUND THROUGHOUT THE TRANS-PECOS. Big Bend Cholla (Cylindropuntia imbricate argentea ) DESPITE BEING COMMON IN PARTS OF MEXICO, IN TEXAS, THIS SPECIES IS RESTRICTED TO THE AREA AROUND MARISCAL MOUNTAIN IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK. THE SPINE SHEATHS HAVE A SILVERY APPEARANCE AND THE PLANT IS HEAVILY COVERED WITH THESE SPINES. IT FLOWERS IN EARLY APRIL. Giant Dagger, Spanish Dagger (Yucca faxoniana) A LARGE TREE YUCCA THAT REACHES 25 FEET TALL, SOMETIMES UP TO 40 FEET. THE TRUNK IS COVERED WITH A DENSE THATCH OF DEAD . SCATTERED, BUT LOCALLY COMMON IN HIGH DESERT PLATEAUS, RIM ROCK AREAS, AND MOUNTAINS SLOPES. A LARGE FOREST OF THESE CAN BE FOUND IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK AT DAGGER FLATS AND IN LATE SPRING (APRIL OR MAY) WHEN THEY BLOOM IT CAN BE A BEAUTIFUL SIGHT. Huisache ( farnesiana) CONSIDERED ONE OF THE BEST HONEY SOURCE TREES AND THE FRAGRANT OILS HAVE BEEN USED IN MANY “FRENCH” PERFUMES. THE BARK AND FRUIT HAVE BEEN USED FOR INKMAKING, DYING, AND TANNING. GLUE FROM THE PODS HAS BEEN USED TO MEND POTTERY. THE WOOD IS VALUED FOR POSTS AND CONSIDERED AN EXCELLENT FORAGE PLANT. THIS TREE IS ALSO REFERENCED TO AS SWEET ACACIA. American Century Plant (Agave americana americana) THIS IS THE LARGEST OF THE NATIVE TEXAS AGAVES OFTEN GROWING AS TALL AS 6 FEET. CENTURY LIVE FOR 10 TO 25 YEARS AND THE COMMON NAME IS AN EXAGGERATION OF THE LENGTH OF THEIR LIFESPAN. THEY PRODUCE A BEAUTIFUL FLOWER STALK THAT CAN REACH 15 TO 20 FEET IN HEIGHT AND MAY GROW UP TO 12” PER DAY AND THEN DIE SHORTLY THEREAFTER. MANY POLLINATORS SUCH AS BATS, BEES, , AND MORE RELY ON THESE DESERT PLANTS. Schott’s Cholla (Grusonia schottii) THIS LOW GROWING CHOLLA CAN OFTEN FORM THICK MATS AND ARE FOUND FROM NEAR DEL RIO, WEST TO SOUTHEASTERN BREWSTER COUNTY. THESE MATS CAN SERIOUSLY HINDER CROSS-COUNTRY TRAFFIC BY FOOT OR HORSE. THE SEGMENTS READILY SEPARATE AND ARE DISPERSED BY WILDLIFE AND HUMAN MOVEMENT. IT IS CONSIDERED BY SOME AS A NUISANCE. Clumped Dog Cholla (Grusonia aggeria) ANOTHER LOW GROWING SPECIES FOUND IN LOOSE ALLUVIAL SOIL WITH GRAYISH-WHITE SPINES, OCCASSIONALLY REDDISH-BROWN, AND 3 TO 4 IN NUMBER. FLOWERS APPEAR FROM LATE MARCH THROUGH APRIL. FLOWERS ONLY APPEAR FOR SINGLE DAY. Graham’s Dog Cholla (Grusonia grahamii) THIS LOW GROWING CHOLLA CAN OFTEN FORM THICK MATS AND ARE FOUND FROM NEAR DEL RIO, WEST TO SOUTHEASTERN BREWSTER COUNTY. THESE MATS CAN SERIOUSLY HINDER CROSS-COUNTRY TRAFFIC BY FOOT OR HORSE. THE SEGMENTS READILY SEPARATE AND ARE DISPERSED BY WILDLIFE AND HUMAN MOVEMENT. IT IS CONSIDERED BY SOME AS A NUISANCE. Common Devil Cholla (Grusonia emoryi) THIS SPECIES IS BEST IDENTIFIED BY THE MUCH LARGER SIZE OF ALL PARTS AND BY ITS VERY LIMITED GEOGRAPHIC RANGE. IN TEXAS IT IS ONLY FOUND ALONG THE RIO GRANDE BETWEEN CANDELARIA AND PORVENIR. FLOWERS APPEAR FROM MAY THROUGH JUNE. Strawberry Cactus (Echinocereus enneacanthus enneacanthus) THE COMMON NAME OF STRAWBERRY CACTUS IS ACTUALLY APPLIED TO SEVERAL DIFFERENT SPECIES AND VARIATIONS OF CACTI. THE TYPE YOU SEE HERE IS FOUND IN THE SOUTHERN BIG BEND REGION GENERALLY NEAR TO ABOUT 50 MILES NORTH OF THE RIO GRANDE. THIS VARIATION HAS LONGER SPINES AND IS FOUND FURTHER WEST THAN ECHINOCEREUS ENNEACANTHUS BREVISPINUS. Strawberry Cactus (Echinocereus enneacanthus brevispinus) THE COMMON NAME OF STRAWBERRY CACTUS IS ACTUALLY APPLIED TO SEVERAL DIFFERENT SPECIES AND VARIATIONS OF CACTI. THE TYPE YOU SEE HERE IS FOUND IN EXTREME NORTHEASTERN BREWSTER COUNTY, TERRELL COUNTY AND FURTHER EAST. THIS VARIATION HAS MUCH SHORTER SPINES AND IS FOUND FURTHER EAST THAN ECHINOCEREUS ENNEACANTHUS ENNEACANTHUS. Strawberry Cactus (Echinocereus stramineus stramineus) THIS PARTICULAR SPECIES IS PROBABLY THE BEST EXAMPLE OF “STRAWBERRY” CACTUS BECAUSE OF THE LARGE, JUICER FRUITS THAT HAVE THE COLOR, SMELL AND FLAVOR OF STRAWBERRIES. THE SPINES OF THIS SPECIES ARE THE KEY TO IDENTIFICATION AS THEY ARE SO DENSE AS TO BLOCK THE STEMS AND ARE STRAW-COLORED. OLDER PLANTS MAY HAVE AS MANY AS 100 TO 350 STEMS BUT MORE COMMONLY 10 TO 50. Small-flowered Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus viridflorus cylindricus) THIS SPECIES BELONGS TO A GROUP OF 12 THROUGHOUT THE TRANS-PECOS REGION THAT PRODUCE GREEN FLOWERS. SEVERAL OF THE SPECIES ARE THREATENED OR ENDANGERED. FLOWERS APPEAR FROM APRIL THROUGH MAY. IT HAS A RED AND WHITE BANDED APPEARANCE DUE TO COLOR OF TIPS OF SPINES. Rusty Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus viridflorus russanthus) THIS SPECIES IS SO NAMED BECAUSE OF THE RUSTY RED APPEARANCE OF THE FLOWERS WHICH APPEAR FROM FEBRUARY THROUGH APRIL. ENDEMIC TO BREWSTER COUNTY, TEXAS AND ONLY RECOGNIZED AS A UNIQUE SPECIES IN 1969. Weedin’s Small-flowered Hedgehog Cactus (Echinocereus viridflorus weedinii) IN TEXAS, THIS SPECIES IS ONLY FOUND IN THE HIGHER ELEVATIONS OF THE DAVIS, CHISOS, AND CHINATI MOUNTAINS. COVERED WITH GOLDEN-YELLOW SPINES BUT MAY OCCASIONALLY HAVE RED-TIPPED WHITE SPINES. ONLY FOUND IN TRANS-PECOS REGION OF TEXAS. Beaked or Thompson’s Yucca (Yucca rostrata) VERY COMMON IN THE LANDSCAPE TRADE DUE TO ITS BEAUTY, THIS YUCCA IS FOUND IN CANYONS AND MOUNTAIN SLOPES IN THE SOUTHEASTERN PART OF THE TRANS-PECOS. IT CAN GROW TO A HEIGHT OF 8 TO 10 FEET IN ABOUT A DECADE. THEY PRODUCE A BEAUTIFUL FLOWER STALK IN MARCH THROUGH APRIL. THE COMMON NAME OF BEAKED YUCCA IS BASED ON THE SHAPE OF THE FRUIT. Spineless Prickly Pear (Opuntia species) SPINELESS PRICKLY PEAR IS ACTUALLY NOT A SPECIFIC SPECIES, BUT RATHER A NATURAL VARIATION THAT CAN OCCUR IN A VARIETY OF SPECIES. SOME OF THESE NATURAL VARIATIONS HAVE BEEN COMMERCIALLY BRED TO PRODUCE CONSISTENTLY SPINELESS PRICKLY PEAR SPECIMENS. CAUTION IS WARRANTED, BECAUSE EVEN THOSE THAT “APPEAR” TO BE SPINELESS MAY HAVE SMALL GLOCHID SPINES THAT CAN BE QUITE IRRITATING WHEN GRABBED. Blind Prickly Pear (Opuntia rufida) LACKING THE LARGER SPINES OF MOST OPUNTIA SPECIES, THE PADS ARE COVERED WITH REDDISH-BROWN MINUTE HAIR-LIKE SPINES KNOWN AS GLOCHIDS. THE NAME COMMON NAME IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BLINDING OF CATTLE, BY THESE TINY SPINES, WHEN THEY ATTEMPT TO GRAZE ON THE PADS. IT PREFERS THE HOTTEST DESERT HABITATS AND IS COMMON ON SOUTH FACING CLIFFS NEAR THE RIO GRANDE. Marble-Fruit Prickly Pear (Opuntia strigil) THIS SPECIES HAS A LIMITED DISTRIBUTION IN TERRELL, PECOS, CROCKETT, WESTERN REEVES, AND VAL VERDE COUNTIES. THE PADS ARE THICKLY COVERED WITH DEFLEXED SPINES CREATING A UNIQUE APPEARANCE AMONG PRICKLY PEAR. THE LATIN NAME STRIGIL MEANS “SKIN BRUSH” USED AT BATHS IN THE DAYS BEFORE SOAP AND PROBABLY A REFERENCE TO THE CACTI’S APPEARANCE. Black-and-Yellow-Spined Prickly Pear (Opuntia atrispina) IN THE TRANS-PECOS AREA, IT IS LIMITED TO TERRELL AND VAL VERDE COUNTIES. IT CAN BE FOUND ON LIMESTONE HILLS, MESAS, AND CANYONS. NORMALLY GROWS AS A COMPACT OR LOW SPREADING FORM. Diploid Purple Prickly Pear (Opuntia azurea diplopurpurea ) THE PADS OF THIS SPECIES WILL TURN REDDISH-PURPLE OR PURPLE UNDER STRESS. THIS IS FOUND FROM A FEW LOCATIONS IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK AND THEN MUCH OF PRESIDIO AND JEFF DAVIS COUNTIES. THESE ARE LOW, SPRAWLING FORMS WITH LONG BLACK, REDDISH-BLACK OR REDDISH-BROWN SPINES AND ON OCCASION, WHITE SPINES WITH DARK BASES. Big Bend Purplish Prickly Pear (Opuntia azurea parva) THIS CACTUS IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PRICKLY PEARS IN DESERT HABITATS AROUND THE CHISOS MOUNTAINS IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK. THIS SPECIES HAS PADS WHICH ARE BLUE-GREEN OR BLUE-GRAY WITH PURPLISH COLORS AROUND THE AREOLES. THE SPINES ARE LONG AND BLACK TO DARK RED-BROWN IN COLOR, AND IT FLOWERS EARLY FROM MARCH TO MAY. Big Hill Prickly Pear (Opuntia azurea discolor) FOUND NEAR THE “BIG HILL” ON RIVER ROAD (FM 170) AND A FEW OTHER LOCATIONS ALONG THE ROAD AND IN ADJACENT MEXICO. YELLOW FLOWERS WITH RED CENTERS APPEAR IN APRIL. LONG SPINES CAN VARY IN COLOR FROM YELLOW, WHITE, GOLDEN, ORANGE, AND REDDISH. Twisted Spine Plains Prickly Pear (Opuntia tortispina) THIS SPECIES IS COMMON IN THE GRASSY PLAINS FROM THE DAVIS MOUNTAINS NORTHWARD AND WESTWARD. GROWS IN A LOW, CREEPING, SPRAWLING FORM AND EXHIBITS SMALL PADS, USUALLY WHITE SPINES, YELLOW FLOWERS WITH WEAKLY DEFINED REDDISH CENTERS, AND SMALLISH RED FRUITS. Potts’ Prickly Pear (Opuntia spinos) ONE OF THE SMALLEST PRICKLY PEARS IN THE TRANS-PECOS AND OFTEN GOES UNNOTICED UNTIL IT BLOOMS. POTTS’ IS COMPRISED OF 6 TO 10 PADS AND IS FOUND IN GRASSY HABITAT PRIMARILY IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE TRANS-PECOS. RED FLOWERS WILL BLOOM IN MAY. Spiny-Fruited Prickly Pear (Opuntia spinosibacca) FOUND IN A NARROW BAND ALONG THE RIO GRANDE RIVER IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK AND EAST OF THE PARK. THIS UPRIGHT, COMPACT SPECIES MAY BE READILY OBSERVED NEAR HOT SPRINGS AND THE BOQUILLAS TUNNEL IN THE PARK. FLOWERS APPEAR MARCH THROUGH MAY AND THE SPINES ARE NORMALLY REDDISH-BROWN WITH PALE TIPS. Brown-Spined Prickly Pear (Opuntia phaeacantha phaeacantha) THIS PRICKLY PEAR SPECIES IS PART OF A POORLY UNDERSTOOD COMPLEX AND IS INFREQUENTLY FOUND IN GRASSLANDS AND WOODLANDS OF THE CENTRAL MOUNTAINS. ONE OF THE KEY IDENTIFICATION FACTORS FOR THIS SPECIES IS ITS WINTER HABIT OF WEAK STEAMS AND PADS THAT SAG OR LIE FLAT ON THE GROUND. FLOWERS APPEAR FROM MAY TO JUNE. Comanche Prickly Pear (Opuntia camanchica) IT IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON PRICKLY PEAR SPECIES IN THE TRANS-PECOS. IT FLOWERS FROM APRIL TO JUNE AND THE SPINE NUMBER AND COLOR VARY DRAMATICALLY WHICH CAN MAKE IDENTIFICATION MORE CHALLENGING. PRICKLY PEAR FRUITS ARE CALLED “TUNA” AND THE PADS ARE CALLED “NOPAL” AND BOTH ARE USED IN A WIDE VARIETY OF MEXICAN CUISINE. THE FRUIT DOES HAVE TINY SPINES WHICH MUST BE REMOVED PRIOR TO THEIR USE. Engelmann’s Prickly Pear (Opuntia engelmannii engelmannii) THIS IS PROBABLY THE MOST COMMON SPECIES OF PRICKLY PEAR IN THE TRANS-PECOS. IT GROWS TO 3 TO 5 FEET TALL WITH UPRIGHT, SPREADING BRANCHES. MAY GROW LARGER CLOSE TO THE RIO GRANDE RIVER. PADS ARE LARGE AND SPINES TEND TO COVER THE ENTIRE PAD. FLOWERS FROM APRIL TO JULY. Texas Prickly Pear (Opuntia engelmannii lindheimeri) THIS SPECIES IS MORE ABUNDANT EAST OF THE TRANS-PECOS BUT CAN BE FOUND ALONG THE RIVER IN BREWSTER COUNTY BECOMING MORE COMMON IN THE EASTERN TRANS-PECOS. BEST DISTINGUISHED FROM ENGELMANN’S PRICKLY PEAR BY THE SHAPE, ARRANGEMENT, AND NUMBER OF SPINES. Skeletonleaf Goldeneye (Viguiera stenoloba) THIS MULTI-BRANCHING OFTEN GROWS TO 3 FEET IN HEIGHT AND PRODUCES NUMEROUS YELLOW FLOWERS ALONG EACH STEM. EXCELLENT SHRUB FOR XERISCAPING AND ATTRACTS BUTTERFLIES. FOUND THROUGHOUT THE TRANS-PECOS REGION AND NOT READILY BROWSED BY . Evergreen Sumac (Rhus virens virens) THIS SHRUB OR SMALL TREE GROWS TO 9 FEET IN HEIGHT WITH RATHER SHINY, EVERGREEN LEAVES. THE COMANCHE INDIANS WOULD GATHER THE LEAVES AND DRY THEM IN THE SUN TO BE MIXED WITH TOBACCO FOR SMOKING. LEAVES REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN USED FOR ASTHMA RELIEF AND FRUIT CAN BE STEEPED IN WATER FOR A REFRESHING DRINK. Thorn-crested Agave (Agave lophantha) THIS AGAVE IS NOT NATIVE TO THE TRANS-PECOS REGION BUT IS FOUND IN COASTAL AREAS OF SOUTHERN TEXAS AND NORTHEASTERN MEXICO. THE FLOWERING STALKS GROW UP TO 16 FEET TALL AND PRODUCE GREENISH-WHITE TO YELLOW-ISH GREEN FLOWERS. THE PLANT WILL DIE AFTER BLOOMING. Desert Yaupon (Schaefferia cuneifolia) THIS SHRUB IS USUALLY FOUND ON ROCKY HILLSIDES AND CANYON AND THE INCONSPICUOUS FLOWERS USUALLY OCCUR AFTER A RAINFALL. IT PRODUCES BRIGHT RED FRUITS RELISHED BY BIRDS, SMALL MAMMALS, BEARS AND DEER BROWSE THE LEAVES. EXCELLENT CHOICE FOR XERISCAPING AND THE ROOTS WERE REPORTEDLY USED IN MEXICO FOR TREATING VENEREAL DISEASE. Guayule (Parthenium argentatum) GROWING TO USUALLY LESS THAN 3 FEET HIGH, THIS STRONG SHRUB PRODUCES A VERY HIGH QUALITY RUBBER DERIVED FROM THE STEMS AND ROOTS. MOST COMMON IN MEXICO, IT IS ONLY FOUND IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE TRANS-PECOS REGION OF TEXAS. IT IS LOCALLY COMMON AND MAY BE FOUND IN RATHER STABLE, ROCKY LIMESTONE HABITATS. Tasajillo, Christmas Cactus (Cylindropuntia leptocaulis) THE COMMON NAME OF CHRISTMAS CACTUS COMES FROM THE TENDENCY OF THE COPIOUS RED FRUITS TO PERSIST ON PLANTS THROUGH THE WINTER. BIRDS EAT THE RED FRUITS. THE SPINES ARE HOOKED AND MANY AN UNFORTUNATE HIKER HAS DISCOVERED THAT THIS CACTUS LOVES TO GROW AMONG LOW . IDENTIFIED FROM CYLINDROPUNTIA KLEINIAE BASED ON STEM THICKNESS AND FLOWER COLORS, PENCIL THICK IN C. LEPTOCAULIS (YELLOW-GREEN) AND FOUNTAIN PEN THICK IN C. KLEINIAE (MAGENTA OR PINK). Candle Cholla (Cylindropuntia kleiniae) CANDLE CHOLLA PRODUCES A BRIGHT RED FRUIT WHICH BIRDS EAT. FOUND PRIMARILY IN THE DAVIS MOUNTAINS AND RIO GRANDE FLOODPLAIN, IT DOES OCCASIONALLY HYBRIDIZE WITH C. LEPTOCAULIS BUT CAN BE SAFELY IDENTIFIED FROM CYLINDROPUNTIA LEPTOCAULIS BASED ON STEM THICKNESS AND FLOWER COLORS, PENCIL THICK IN C. LEPTOCAULIS (YELLOW- GREEN) AND FOUNTAIN PEN THICK IN C. KLEINIAE (MAGENTA OR PINK). EAGLE-CLAW CACTUS (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) FOUND IN EVERY COUNTY OF THE TRANS-PECOS IN BOTH DESERT MOUNTAINS AND FLATS, THIS SPECIES FLOWERS FROM APRIL THROUGH JUNE AND AFTER SUMMER RAINS IN JULY THROUGH SEPTEMBER. IT CAN BE EASILY IDENTIFIED BY ITS BULBOUS SHAPE AND 8 RIBBED STEMS. FLOWERS ARE MAGENTA OR BRIGHT ROSE-PINK IN COLOR. HORSE-CRIPPLER (Echinocactus texensis) THIS SPECIES IS WIDE-RANGING AND MORE ABLE TO TOLORATE THE COLD AND EXCESSIE GROUND MOISTURE. DURING DROUGHT, IT MAY SHRINK DOWN TO OR SLIGHTLY BELOW GROUND LEVEL. THE LONGER CENTRAL SPINE IS THE SOURCE OF THE NAME “HORSE- CRIPPLER” AS IT CAN EASILY PENETRATE A HORSE’S HOOF. ARIZONA BARREL CACTUS (Ferocactus wislizeni) IN TEXAS, THIS SPECIES IS ONLY FOUND NATURALLY IN THE FRANKLIN MOUNTAINS. A FEW SPECIMENS ARE FOUND IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK NEAR OLD HOUSES WHERE THEY WERE BROUGHT IN BY EARLY RESIDENTS. THIS IS THE LARGEST SPECIES OF BARREL CACTI IN THE UNITED STATES WITH ONE TEXAS SPECIMEN MEASURING ALMOST 6 FEET TALL. GIANT FISHHOOK-CACTUS (Ferocactus hamatacanthus hamatacanthus) THE LONG, HOOKED CENTRAL SPINE IS WHERE THE NAME “FISHHOOK” IS DERIVED. THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDELY DISTRIBUTED BUT BY NO MEANS COMMON CACTI IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN TRANS-PECOS REGION. YELLOW FLOWERS APPEAR LATER THAN MOST CACTI FROM JUNE THROUGH AUGUST. TWISTED-RIB CACTUS (Hamatocactus bicolor) THE ONLY SPECIES IN THE GENUS HAMATOCACTUS, IT IS FOUND PRIMARILY IN PARTS OF CENTRAL TEXAS DOWN TO THE SOUTHERN TIP OF TEXAS REACHING OUR AREA ONLY NEAR THE DEVILS RIVER AND SOUTHERN TERRELL COUNTY NEAR THE RIO GRANDE. THE 13 RIBS ARE SLENDER, WAVY AND SHARP AT THE CRESTS AND MAY BE SPIRALING OR STRAIGHT IN APPEARANCE. GLORY OF TEXAS CACTUS (Thelocactus bicolor bicolor) HIGHLY PRIZED BY COLLECTORS BECAUSE OF THE ATTRACTIVE FLOWERS, THIS SPECIES IS UNCOMMON THROUGHOUT ITS RANGE IN PRESIDIO AND BREWSTER COUNTIES. UPPER SPINES HAVE AN APPEARANCE LIKE WOOD SHAVINGS AND ARE FLATTENED AND USUALLY WHITE. FLOWERS APPEAR FROM MARCH THROUGH SEPTEMBER. LIVING ROCK CACTUS (Ariocarpus fissuratus fissuratus) THE ONLY ARIOCARPUS SPECIES TO REACH THE UNITED STATES WHERE IT IS PRIMARILY FOUND IN LIMESTONE HABITATS IN THE SOUTHERN TRANS-PECOS. FLOWERING ONLY IN THE FALL, THIS CACTUS IS SO NAMED BECAUSE OF HOW HARD IT CAN BE TO FIND BLENDING IN WITH SURROUNDING ROCKS. THE STAR-SHAPED PLANT IS SPINELESS AND OFTEN DRAWN BELOW GROUND. TEXAS CONE CACTUS (Neolloydia conoidea conoidea) THIS CACTUS CAN BE EXTREMELY ABUNDANT AT CERTAIN SITES IN ITS RANGE. IT LACKS THE TYPICAL RIBS OF MANY CACTI BUT DOES HAVE PROMINENT TUBERCULES IN 8 TO 13 SPIRAL ROWS. SPINES ARE DENSE AND CENTRAL SPINES ARE USUALLY BLACK OR BROWN. MAGENTA OR PINK FLOWERS APPEAR FROM MARCH THROUGH JULY. EAGLE-CLAW CACTUS (Glandulicactus uncinatus wrightii) THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD AND COMMON CACTI IN THE TRANS-PECOS. NOT TO BE CONFUSED WITH THE MORE BULBOUS “EAGLE- CLAW” CACTUS, THIS SPECIES HAS LONG, YELLOW CENTRAL SPINES THAT ARE HOOKED AT THE END. OFTEN FOUND IN OR NEAR GRASS CLUMPS. SHORT-SPINED FISHHOOK CACTUS (Ancistrocactus brevihamatus brevihamatus) FOUND MOSTLY EAST OF THE PECOS RIVER IT DOES EXTEND INTO THE AREA AROUND LANGTRY. STEMS ARE SHORT (1 TO 6 INCHES TALL) AND GLOBULAR IN SHAPE. THE LOWER CENTRAL SPINES ARE STRAIGHT AND HOOKED. WOVEN-SPINE PINEAPPLE CACTUS (Echinomastus intertextus intextus) MOST ABUNDANT IN THE DAVIS MOUNTAINS, THIS ROUND CACTUS IS GENERALLY FOUND IN GRASSLANDS AND WOODLANDS. WHITE TO WHITISH- PINK FLOWERS APPEAR FEBRUARY TO APRIL. WARNOCK’S CACTUS (Echinomastus warnockii) NAMED AFTER THE WELL KNOWN BOTANTIST FROM SUL ROSS UNIVERSITY, BARTON WARNOCK, THIS CACTUS IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON IN THE DESERT OF THE SOUTHERN BIG BEND REGION. WHITE FLOWERS APPEAR FROM FEBRUARY TO MARCH. COMMON BUTTON-CACTUS (Epithelantha micromeris micromeris) FUZZY AND WHITISH OR GRAY IN APPEARANCE, THESE “BUTTON” SIZED CACTI ARE FOUND IN ROCKY, LIMESTONE AREAS. PRIMARILY IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN TRANS-PECOS REGION, THEY CAN BE EASILY OVERLOOKED EVEN WHERE COMMON. BOKE’S BUTTON-CACTUS (Epithelantha bokei) IN THE LIMESTONE HILLS SOUTHEAST OF THE CHISOS MOUNTAINS, THIS SPECIES IS MUCH MORE READILY FOUND THAN THE COMMON BUTTON- CACTUS. DIFFERS IN APPEARANCE AS WELL WITH THE FLAT OR SLIGHTLY CONCAVE APPEARANCE ON THE TOP WITH A SHINY, SMOOTH COAT OF SPINES. GOLF BALL CACTUS (Mammillaria lasiacantha) ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD SMALL DESERT CACTI IN THE TRANS-PECOS, SIZE IS NORMALLY GOLF BALL BUT MAY GET LARGER IN CERTAIN PARTS OF ITS RANGE. ALTHOUGH COVERED WITH SPINES, IT CAN BE EASILY HANDLED. PRIMARILY WHITE OR CREAM COLORED FLOWERS WITH DARK CENTRAL STRIPES APPEAR FROM FEBRUARY TO MARCH. POTTS’ MAMMILLARIA (Mammillaria pottsii) MORE COMMON IN MEXICO, BUT FOUND IN THE SOUTHERN BIG BEND REGION. LONG, NARROW STEMS COMPLETELY COVERED BY SMALL, WHITE RADIAL SPINES AND PALE REDDISH TO GRAY CENTRAL SPINES THAT STAND OUT HELP IDENTIFY THIS SPECIES. FLOWERS OFTEN FORM A RING JUST BELOW THE APEX OF THE STEM. NIPPLE CACTUS (Mammillaria meiacantha) THE PROMINENT, CLOSELY SPACED TUBERCULES ARE THE SOURCE FOR THE COMMON NAME. THIS SPECIES IS FOUND IN A WIDE RANGE OF HABITATS THROUGHOUT THE CENTRAL TRANS-PECOS REGION. FLAT-TOPPED AND ONLY EXTENDING A SHORT DISTANCE ABOVE THE GROUND, SMALL WHITE TO PALE PINK FLOWERS BLOOM FROM MARCH TO MAY. HEYDER’S PINCUSHION CACTUS (Mammillaria heyderi) ALSO KNOWN AS DEVIL’S PINCUSHION CACTUS, THIS SPECIES IS DISTINGUISHED FROM NIPPLE CACTUS (M. MEIACANTHA) BY THE NUMBER OF RADIAL SPINES WHICH ARE 5 TO 7 FOR MEIACANTHA AND 13 TO 17 FOR HEYDERI. IT CAN BE FOUND THROUGHOUT THE TRANS-PECOS REGION. HAIR-COVERED CACTUS (Mammillaria prolifera texana) NOT PARTICULARY COLD HARDY, THIS CACTUS BARELY ENTERS OUR REGION NEAR LANGTRY AND POINTS EAST. FEATURING MANY STEMS OF VARYING SIZES, IT FORMS LOW, DENSE MOUNDS OR MATS. THE MANY RADIAL SPINES CREATE A “HAIR-LIKE” APPEARANCE. FLOWERS IN MARCH AND THE COLOR IS USUALLY A DIRTY YELLOW. EASTERN BEEHIVE CACTUS (Coryphantha vivipara vivipara) MORE COMMON IN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS, IT IS FOUND IN THE EASTERN PORTION OF THE TRANS- PECOS. USUALLY FOUND WITH GRASSES, PRICKLY PEAR, AND MESQUITE. STEMS ARE USUALLY 1 INCH TO 5 INCHES TALL AND MAGENTA TO ROSE-PINK FLOWERS BLOOM APRIL TO NOVEMBER. SILVERLACE CACTUS (Coryphantha sneedii albicolumnaria) FOUND PRIMARILY IN LOWER BIG BEND REGION ALONG THE RIO GRANDE. STEMS ARE COVERED BY BRISTLY WHITE SPINES AND OLDER PLANTS MAY HAVE 2 TO 5 STEMS. FLOWERS DO NOT OPEN WIDELY AND BLOOM FROM MARCH TO MAY.

COB CACTUS (Coryphantha tuberculosa tuberculosa) THIS IS A COMMON SPECIES IN DESERT LIMESTONE HABITATS AND IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH LECHUGUILLA. RANGE IS IN SOUTHERN BIG BEND REGION AND WESTERN TRANS-PECOS. ALMOST ALWAYS FORM CLUMPS OF BRANCHED STEMS AND OFTEN FOUND IN CREVICES. COMMON NAME BASED ON HOW THE STEM IS OFTEN BARE OF SPINES ON THE LOWER PART AND LOOKS LIKE A CORN COB. COB CACTUS (Coryphantha tuberculosa varicolor) THIS SPECIES IS VERY SIMILAR TO C. TUBERCULOSA TUBERCULOSA HOWEVER IT IS FOUND IN IGNEOUS AND NOVACULITE SUBSTRATES INSTEAD OF LIMESTONE OF THE SOUTHERN BIG BEND REGION. FLOWERS BLOOM FROM MAY TO AUGUST AND ARE PALE PINK TO WHITE IN COLOR. BIG-NEEDLE PINCUSHION CACTUS (Coryphantha macromeris macromeris) IT IS ONE OF THE MOST WIDESPREAD CACTI IN THE TRANS-PECOS FORMING CLUMPS OF MANY-STEMMED LOW MATS OR MOUNDS. LARGE TUBERCULES (NIPPLE-LIKE APPEARANCE) HAVE 7 TO 21 SPINES. FROM MAY TO SEPTEMBER IT WILL BLOOM SPORADICALLY WITH BRIGHT ROSE-PINK TO MAGENTA FLOWERS. LONG-TUBERCULED CACTUS (Coryphantha scheeri scheeri) FOUND IN WOODLANDS AND GRASSLANDS THROUGHOUT THE CENTRAL MOUNTAINS OF THE TRANS-PECOS. BRIGHT YELLOW FLOWERS WITH OR WITHOUT RED CENTERS APPEAR IN APRIL TO JULY. STEMS GROW FROM 2 TO 4 INCHES TALL, OCCASIONALLY TALLER. SEA-URCHIN CACTUS (Coryphantha echinus echinus) COMMON NAME A RESULT OF THE CACTUS’ RESEMBLENCE TO A SEA URCHIN WITH A SINGLE, ERECT CENTRAL SPINE STANDING OUT FROM THE STEM AT EACH AREOLE. IT IS COMMON IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE TRANS-PECOS IN LIMESTONE HABITATS. GLOSSY YELLOW FLOWERS APPEAR IN SPRING AND SUMMER. MULTI-STEMMED SEA-URCHIN CACTUS (Coryphantha echinus robusta) VERY SIMILAR IN APPEARANCE TO THE MORE COMMON SEA-URCHIN CACTUS (C. ECHINUS ECHINUS) HOWEVER THIS IS BEST IDENTIFIED BY THE MOUNDS AND MATS FORMED BY THE MULTIPLE STEMS. FOUND ALONG THE RIO GRANDE RIVER IN THE SOUTHERN BIG BEND REGION. GREEN SNAKEWOOD (Condalia viridis) THIS SPINY SHRUB IS A MEMBER OF THE BUCKTHORN FAMILY AND IS LOCALLY COMMON ON DRY LIMESTONE SLOPES THROUGHOUT THE TRANS- PECOS. BIRDS AND SMALL MAMMALS LOVE THE FRUIT AND SMALL YELLOW FLOWERS BLOOM IN JULY AND AUGUST. AGARITO (Mahonia trifoliolata) THIS SHRUB IS WIDESPREAD THROUGHOUT THE TRANS- PECOS AND OTHER PARTS OF TEXAS. BERRIES ARE MADE INTO JELLY AND WINE WHILE ROOTS AND STEMS YIELD A YELLOW DIE. FOLK MEDICINE WOULD ALSO USE THE ROOTS FOR TOOTHACHE TREATMENT, BUT IN HIGH CONCENTRATIONS CAN CAUSE POISONING. VISCID ACACIA (Vachellia vernicosa) VISCID ACACIA HAS A VERY SPARSE SILHOUETTE, WITH FEW BRANCHES THAT GROW UPRIGHT. THE NAME COMES FROM THE STICKY SECRETIONS THAT COVER THE ENTIRE PLANT. SEEDS WERE GROUND BY INDIANDS TO MAKE FLOWER. TEAWEED (Ephedra trifurca) VISCID ACACIA HAS A VERY SPARSE SILHOUETTE, WITH FEW BRANCHES THAT GROW UPRIGHT. THE NAME COMES FROM THE STICKY SECRETIONS THAT COVER THE ENTIRE PLANT. SEEDS WERE GROUND BY INDIANDS TO MAKE FLOWER. TEXAS MOUNTAIN LAUREL (Sophora secundiflora) THIS IS AN EVERGREEN, MULTI-TRUNKED SHRUB OR SMALL TREE IS WONDERFUL IN LANDSCAPING WITH ITS FRAGRANT, BRIGHT PURPLE BLOOMS IN EARLY SPRING. THE RED SEEDS ARE POISONOUS AND WERE GROUND TO KILL FISH AND STRUNG ON STRINGS TO DECORATE CHRISTMAS TREES. CANDELILLA, WAX PLANT (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) THE NUMEROUS, RARELY BRANCHED, WAXY STEMS HAVE VERY TINY LEAVES WHICH ARE ONLY FOUND ON NEW GROWTH. IT IS RELATED TO THE POINSETTA AND WAX IS EXTRACTED BY BOILING THE STEMS. THE WAX IS USED IN COSMETICS, OINTMENTS, WATER-PROOFING, AND POLISHES. TEXAS SOTOL (Dasylirion texanum) NATIVE AMERICANS WOULD ROAST AND EAT THE YOUNG FLOWER STALKS AND THEY USED THE NARROW, TOUGH LEAVES TO WEAVE BASKETS, MATS, COARSE ROPES, AND OTHER ITEMS. THE HEART OF THE PLANT CAN BE ROASTED AND EATEN OR FERMENTED AND DISTILLED TO PRODUCE ALCOHOL. THIS SPECIES IS MOSTLY IN ROCKY LIMESTONE HABITATS. TRANS-PECOS SOTOL (Dasylirion heteracanthum) THE LONG STALKS OF SOTOL HAVE BEEN USED EXTENSIVELY FOR TEMPORARY SHELTERS, PORCH AND HOUSE ROOFS, CORRALS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES. THIS SPECIES IS FOUND ON ROCKY SLOPES AND DESERT GRASSLANDS IN SOUTH BREWSTER COUNTY AND PRESIDIO COUNTIES. GREEN OR SMOOTH SOTOL (Dasylirion leiophyllum) THIS IS THE MOST COMMON SPECIES IN THE TRANS- PECOS AND IDENTIFIED FROM THE TRANS-PECOS SOTOL (D. HETERACANTHIUM) BY THE STOUT AND RECURVED “TEETH” ON THE LEAVES. CAN BE FOUND ON HILLS AND GRASSLANDS THROUGH THE TRANS-PECOS AND THEY CAN EASILY BE GROWN FROM SEEDS. MEXICAN OREGANO (Lippia graveolens) THE LEAVES HAVE A STRONG ODOR AND ARE USED AS SEASONING IN SOUPS AND STEWS. HUNTERS CLAIM THAT DEER WHICH HAVE EATEN THIS PLANT ARE HIGHLY SEASONED WITH THE FLAVOR. THE TARAHUMARA INDIANS USED TO TREAT COLDS WITH A TEA MADE FROM THE LEAVES. TEXAS SACAHUISTA OR BEARGRASS (Nolina texana) NATIVE AMERICANS USED THE LEAVES IN ROOFING AND FOR MAKING BASKETS AND BROOMS. A RELATIVELY RARE BUTTERFLY, THE SANDIA HAIRSTREAK, USES THIS AS A HOST PLANT FOR ITS EGGS AND THE CATERPILLARS FEED EXCLUSIVELY ON THE LEAVES. FEATHER DALEA (Dalea formosa) THIS LOW, SCRAGGLY SHRUB PRODUCES SMALL, FUZZY, DELICATE FLOWERS FROM MARCH TO SEPTEMBER. NATIVE AMERICANS USED IT TO DYE BASKETS AND THE PLANT IS HEAVILY BROWSED BY SHEEP AND . BLACKBRUSH ACACIA () THIS SHRUB/SMALL TREE GROWS FROM 5 TO 15 FEET IN HEIGHT IN LIMESTONE CANYONS AND HILLSIDES. IT IS ONLY FOUND IN SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST TEXAS, AND IS EXCELLENT FOR HONEY PRODUCTION. THE LIMBS ARE THORNY AND BLOOMS APPEAR IN EARLY SPRING. WESTERN HONEY MESQUITE (Prosopis glandulosa torreyana) THIS IS THE WIDESPREAD MESQUITE IN THE TRANS-PECOS AND DIFFERENTIATED FROM THE HONEY MESQUITE IN SOUTH TEXAS BY HAVING SHORTER LEAFLETS AND THORNS ARE OFTEN PAIRED. THE BEANS ARE EXCELLENT WILDLIFE FOOD AND WERE GROUND BY NATIVE AMERICANS INTO A FLOUR CALLED “PINOLE”. JELLY WAS MADE FROM THE BEANS AND THE WOOD IS CONSIDERED THE BEST FOR BBQ’ING. GUAYACAN (Guaiacum angustifolium) LIMTED TO TEXAS AND MEXICO, THIS SHRUB HAS SOME WONDERFUL FEATURES SUCH AS VERY SMALL, PURPLE FLOWERS USUALLY FOLLOWING A RAIN. IT IS EXTREMELY DROUGHT TOLERANT AND A FAVORED BROWSE OF DEER. THE SMALL LEAVES WILL FOLD UP AT NIGHT AND MID-DAY TO SAVE WATER. AN EXTRACT FROM THE ROOTS IS USED TO TREAT RHEUMATISM AND TO INDUCE SWEATING. GUAJILLO ( berlandieri) IT IS AN EXCELLENT HONEY PLANT, SAID TO PRODUCE HONEY AS CLEAR AS WATER. THE SPHERICAL, WHITE BLOOMS APPEAR FROM FEBRUARY THROUGH APRIL. OFTEN BROWSED BY SHEEP AND GOATS BUT IS TOXIC TO LIVESTOCK. THE THORNS ARE SMALL AND NOT RIGID. LECHUGUILLA (Agave lechuguilla) THE FIBERS OF THE LEAVES ARE VERY STRONG AND WERE USED BY NATIVE AMERICANS TO PRODUCE SANDELS AND NETS. THIS PLANT IS ONLY FOUND IN THE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT WHERE IT IS AN INDICATOR SPECIES. BROWSED BY JAVELINAS, THE FLOWERS PROVIDE FOR BATS, BIRDS, AND INSECTS. LEATHERSTEM (Jatropha dioica dioica) THE STEMS OF THIS UNIQUE PLANT ARE RUBBERY AND THE YELLOWISH SAP INSIDE TURNS BLOOD READ WHEN EXPOSED TO AIR. THE SAP WAS USED BY NATIVE AMERICANS TO TREAT SORE GUMS, STOP BLOOD FLOW FROM MINOR WOUNDS, AND TO MAKE A RED DYE. IT GROWS IN CLUSTERS IN LIMESTONE HILLS. TEXAS FALSE AGAVE (Hechtia scariosa) THIS IS A BROMELIAD SPECIES, RELATED TO THE PINEAPPLE, NATIVE TO THE TRANS-PECOS REGION OF TEXAS AND MEXICO. IT IS EASILY SEEN ALONG THE SANTA ELENA CANYON TRAIL. THE WHITE OR BROWN BLOOMS ARE SEEN FROM FEBRUARY THROUGH MAY. RED YUCCA (Hesperaloe parviflora parviflora) NOT A YUCCA BUT A MEMBER OF THE CENTURY- PLANT FAMILY, THE RED, TUBULAR FLOWERS BLOOM FROM FEBRUARY TO JULY ON AND ARE VERY ATTRACTIVE TO HUMMINGBIRDS. THE STRONG FIBERS OF THE LEAVES ARE USED TO MAKE ROPE IN MEXICO. TEXAS KIDNEYWOOD (Eysenhardtia texana) THIS SHRUB GROWS FROM 3 TO 10 FEET TALL AND HAS VERY AROMATIC FLOWERS WHICH APPEAR INTERMITTINGLY FROM MAY TO OCTOBER. THE 3 TO 4 INCH FLOWER SPIKES ATTRACT BUTTERFLIES AND BEES. EXTREMELY DROUGHT RESISTENT, THE STEMS WERE BOILED TO PRODUCE A DRINK USED TO REDUCE FEVER AND TREAT KIDNEY AND BLADDER AILMENTS. CENIZO (Leucophyllum frutescens) THIS SHRUB IS COMMON OVER MUCH OF THE TRANS- PECOS AND PRODUCES BEAUTIFUL PURPLE FLOWERS USUALLY FOLLOWING RAINS. THE FLOWERS MAY APPEAR ANYTIME IN SUMMER OR FALL. VERY DROUGHT RESISTANT IT SHOULD NOT BE PRUNED AS IT DROPS THE INNER LEAVES AS IT GROWS TO REDUCE WATER LOSS. TEXAS PERSIMMON (Diospyros texana) THIS SHRUB/SMALL TREE IS FOUND THROUGH MUCH OF TEXAS. IT HAS A SMOOTH, THIN BARK THAT IS OFTEN PEELING. THE FRUIT IS EDIBLE AND RELISHED BY WILDLIFE, AND IT TURNS BLACK WHEN RIPE FROM LATE JULY INTO SEPTEMBER. CORAL FOSSILS CLOSE EXAMINATION OF THE CRETACEOUS LIMESTONE REVEALS FOSSILIZED CORALS, GASTROPODS, AND OTHER MARINE INVERTEBRATES THAT ONCE LIVED IN THE SEA HERE ABOUT 100 MILLION YEARS AGO. TEXAS HOGPLUM (Colubrina texensis texensis) THIS SMALL, THICKET-FORMING SHRUB HAS A SNAKESKIN-LIKE PATTERN ON THE BARK. THE FRUIT, EATEN BY BIRDS AND MAMMALS, IS SAID TO BE USED AS A COFFEE SUBSTITUTE. HIGHLY DROUGHT TOLERANT AND VERY ADAPTALE AS A LANDSCAPE PLANT. RESURRECTION PLANT (Selaginella lepidophylla) IN SPANISH, THE PLANT IS CALLED SIEMPRE VIVA WHICH MEANS “LIVES FOREVER.” THE PLANT USUALLY APPEARS DEAD, BUT OPENS UP WITHIN 12 HOURS AFTER A RAIN TO FORM A BRIGHT GREEN FERN. CAN SURIVE WITHOUT WATER FOR YEARS AND WAS SOLD AS A TOURIST NOVELTY FOR MANY YEARS. WAVYLEAF CLOAK FERN (Astrolepis sinuata sinuata) THIS FERN OCCURS AMONG ROCKS AN BOULDERS IN CANYONS AND MOUNTAINS THROUGHOUT MUCH OF THE TRANS-PECOS AND SUBSPECIES MEXICANA IS FOUND ONLY IN THE CHISOS AND DAVIS MOUNTAINS. IT REQUIRES VERY LITTLE MOISTURE BECAUSE THE SCALES ON THE LEAVES REDUCE THE LOSS OF WATER. CATCLAW ACACIA (Senegalia greggii) THE COMMON NAME COMES FROM THE HARD, SHARP THORNS WHICH PROTECT THE PLANT. EXCELLENT SOURCE OF HONEY AND HAS BEEN DISCOVERED THAT IT HAS A UNIQUE SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH ANTS. YOUNG, UNRIPE BEANS WERE GATHERED AND EATEN BY DESERT TRIBES IN NORTH AMERICA. DESERT WILLOW (Chilopsis linearis linearis) THIS TREE IS COMMON ALONG EPHEMERAL STREAMS AND OTHER DRAINAGES. PINKISH-PURPLE BLOOMS ARE SEEN FROM APRIL TO SEPTEMBER. A DECOCTION OF THE FLOWERS IS USED FOR A COUGH MEDICINE AND THE WOOD IS OFTEN USED FOR POSTS AND FIREWOOD. GIANT RIVERCANE (Arundo donax) THIS PLANT IS OFFICIALLY LISTED BY THE U.S. GOVERNMENT AS A NOXIOUS WEED. THIS INVASIVE PLANT, ORIGINALLY FROM ASIA, GROWS EXTENSIVELY ALONG THE RIO GRANDE AND PECOS RIVERS. IT CHANGES THE RIVER HYDROLOGY AND REDUCES WILDLIFE HABITAT. THE LEAVES WERE USED FOR THATCHING AND WEAVING MATS. GOLDENBALL LEADTREE (Leucaena retusa) THROUGHOUT SPRING AND SUMMER THIS SMALL TREE IS COVERED WITH SHOWY BALLS OF GOLDEN-YELLOW FLOWERS. IT IS A MULTI-TRUNCKED SHRUB/SMALL TREE AND THE FLOWERS USUALLY APPEAR AFTER A RAIN. IT IS AN EXCELLENT ADDITION AS AN ORNAMENTAL TREE. THE LEAVES ARE . PALOVERDE OR RETAMA (Parkinsonia aculeata) LONG, DELICATE LEAVES (15 TO 18 INCHES) AND SPRAYS OF YELLOW FLOWERS MAKE THIS AN ATTRACTIVE TREE. OFTEN FLOWERING AFTER A RAIN, IT IS FAST GROWING, DROUGHT TOLERANT TREE WITH AN UNUSUAL GREEN BARK.

WEATHER INSTRUMENTS DID YOU KNOW LANGTRY IS THE SITE OF THE LONGEST, CONTINUOUSLY MONITORED WEATHER STATION IN TEXAS? THIS SOLAR POWERED WEATHER STATION AND MANUAL RAIN GAUGE ARE MAINTAINED FOR THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE. HIGH, LOW AND PRESENT TEMPERATURES ARE RECORDED EVERY MORNING AT 8:00 AM AND RAIN IS MEASURED AS NEEDED. PLEASE DO NOT DISTURB. TREE TOBACCO (Nicotiana glauca) THIS TREE WAS INTRODUCED FROM SOUTH AMERICA BUT IS NOW WIDESPREAD. HUMMINGBIRDS ARE ATTRACTED TO THE YELLOW FLOWERS AND THE PLANT HAS BEEN USED FOR A VARIETY OF MEDICINAL PURPOSES. A POULTICE WAS MADE FROM THE LEAVES TO TREAT SWELLING, BRUISES, CUTS, WOUNDS, BOILS, SORES, INFLAMED THROAT, AND SWOLLEN GLANDS. INGESTION OF THE LEAVES CAN BE FATAL. CHINABERRY TREE (Melia azedarach) ALSO KNOWN AS PRIDE OF INDIA, THIS TREE WAS INTRODUCED FROM ASIA AND IS NOW FOUND OVER MUCH OF TEXAS. THE WOOD HAS A MEDIUM DENSITY AND RANGES FROM LIGHT BROWN TO DARK RED. AT ONE TIME, THE SEEDS WERE USED FOR ROSARY BEADS, BUT HAVE BEEN REPLACED BY PLASTICS. THE FRUITS ARE POISONOUS TO HUMANS IN QUANTITY, BUT NOT HARMFUL TO BIRDS. OCOTILLO (Fouguieria splendens) INDIGENOUS TO THE CHIHUAHUAN AND SONORAN DESERT, THIS PLANT IS NOT A TRUE CACTUS. CLOSE INSPECTION REVEALS WHAT APPEARS TO BE A DEAD, SPINY STICK; HOWEVER, THE PLANT IS VERY MUCH ALIVE AND SHEDS ITS LEAVES DURING DRY PERIODS TO REDUCE WATER LOSS. AFTER A RAIN, THE SMALL LEAVES GROW QUICKLY AND MAY LAST FOR WEEKS OR MONTHS. THE CRIMSON FLOWERS ALSO APPEAR AFTER A RAIN. COYOTILLO (Karwinskia humboldtiana) FOUND ONLY IN TEXAS AND MEXICO, THE SEEDS AND LEAVES ARE POISONOUS TO HUMANS AND MANY ANIMALS. SURPRISINGLY, RACCOON, COYOTE, AND FOX ARE ABLE TO EAT THE FRUIT AND SURVIVE. WHEN EATEN, IT CAUSES PARALYSIS AND CAN LEAD TO ONE BEING QUADRAPLEGIC. IN MEXICO, THE BARK WAS CRUSHED AND MADE INTO A TEA TO HELP REDUCE FEVER. CREOSOTEBUSH (Larrea tridentata) THE SMELL OF THE PLANT IS OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH THE “SMELL OF RAIN.” THE SHRUB REPRODUCES THROUGH CLONING AND ONE RING OF THE BUSH IN THE MOJAVE DESERT IS ESTIMATED AT 11,700 YEARS OLD. ANCIENT PEOPLES HAVE USED IT TO TREAT UP TO 14 ILLNESSES. IN THE DRIEST PARTS OF THE DESERT, CREOSOTEBUSH IS OFTEN THE ONLY SHRUB IN SIGHT. ALOE VERA (Aloe vera) THIS SUCCULENT PLANT WAS INTRODUCED BUT GROWS IN TROPICAL CLIMATES WORLDWIDE. DESPITE LITTLE EVIDENCE FOR ITS EFFECTIVENESS, IT IS USED IN SKIN LOTIONS AND AS AN OINTMENT FOR MINOR BURNS AND SUNBURNS. MULE-FAT (Baccharis salicifolia) FOUND ONLY IN TEXAS AND MEXICO, THE SEEDS AND LEAVES ARE POISONOUS TO HUMANS AND MANY ANIMALS. SURPRISINGLY, RACCOON, COYOTE, AND FOX ARE ABLE TO EAT THE FRUIT AND SURVIVE. WHEN EATEN, IT CAUSES PARALYSIS AND CAN LEAD TO A QUADRAPLEGIC STATE. IN MEXICO, THE BARK WAS CRUSHED AND MADE INTO A TEA TO HELP REDUCE FEVER. Chisos Rosewood (Vaquelinia angustifolia) FOUND ONLY IN THE TRANS-PECOS REGION OF TEXAS THIS SMALL TREE IS FOUND IN DENSE THICKETS IN DRY CANYONS BETWEEN 3,000 AND 5,000 FEET IN ELEVATION. WITH THE LARGE, SHOWY FLOWERS, IT HAS GREAT POTENTIAL AS A NATIVE LANDSCAPING PLANT BUT CAN SUFFER A BIT IN TOO HIGH A HUMIDITY. Narrowleaf Sage (Salvia leptophylla) THIS LARGE PERENNIAL/SMALL SHRUB IS NATIVE TO TEXAS

Mexican Buckeye (Ungnadia speciosa) A SMALL TREE, FOUND ONLY IN NORTHEAST MEXICO, TEXAS, AND SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO, THAT CAN BE COVERED IN BLOOMS DURING APRIL TO JUNE. THE SEEDPODS ARE MIDLY POISONOUS BUT IT MAKES A WONDERFUL TREE FOR THE YARD. IT IS A HOST PLANT FOR THE HENRY ELFIN BUTTERFLY. Big Bend Acanthus (Anisacanthus linearis) THIS SHRUB IS SOMETIMES CALLED DESERT HONEYSUCKLE OR DWARF ACANTHUS, BUT IT IS ANYTHING BUT DWARF OFTEN REACHING A HEIGHT OF 10 FEET. IT IS FOUND ONLY IN THE CHIHUAHUAN DESERT IN CANYONS, ALONG DRY STREAM BEDS AND IN ARROYOS. IT BLOOMS PROFUSELY FROM LATE SUMMER THROUGH FALL WITH LONG, TUBULAR FLOWERS THAT VARY FROM RED TO YELLOW. IT IS ROOT HARDY AS FAR NORTH AS DALLAS. Heartleaf Hibiscus (Hibiscus martianus) THIS PROLIFIC BLOOMER WILL GROW FROM 1 TO 3 FEET WITH SOLITARY FLOWERS AT THE BRANCH TIPS. THE PLANT’S COMMON NAME IS DERIVED FROM THE HEART- SHAPED LEAVES. EVEN BLOOMS DURING THE HOTTEST PART OF THE YEAR AND WILL BLOOM AS LONG AS THERE IS NO FROST. IN TEXAS, IT IS FOUND IN SOUTH TEXAS AND AS FAR WEST AS VAL VERDE COUNTY. Scarlet Bouvardia (Bouvardia ternifolia) THIS SMALL SHRUB IS EXCELLENT FOR ATTRACTING HUMMINGBIRDS TO YOUR YARD AS IT BLOOMS FROM MAY TO NOVEMBER WITH LONG, TUBULAR RED FLOWERS. NATIVE TO ROCKY AREAS IN WEST TEXAS AND ARIZONA AND DOWN INTO MEXICO, IT IS USUALLY FOUND IN MOUNTAINS AND CANYONS. CANYON SENNA (Cassia wislizenii) BRILLIANT YELLOW FLOWERS MAKE THIS A SPECTACULAR LARGE SHRUB/SMALL TREE FOR THE PROPER LOCATION. IT IS NATURALLY FOUND ON DRY SLOPES AND MESAS IN WEST TEXAS, SOUTHEAST ARIZONA, AND NORTHERN MEXICO. PLANTS IN THIS GENUS ARE POSIONOUS AND CAN BE FATAL TO HUMANS IF CONSUMED. Maximilian Sunflower (Helianthus maximiliani) NATIVE TO MUCH OF THE UNITED STATES, INCLUDING TEXAS, THIS IS NOT THE MOST RECOGNIZED SUNFLOWER BUT IT IS A GREAT ADDITION TO THE YARD. IT CAN GROW TO 10 FEET BUT IS MORE OFTEN 3 TO 6 FEET IN HEIGHT. THIS SPECIES WILL GROW TO FORM LARGE COLONIES WITH BIRDS RELISHING THE SEEDS AND POLLINATORS LOVES THE BLOOMS. Weeping (Drooping) (Juniperus flaccida) IN TEXAS, THIS SLOW GROWING, LONG-LIVED, BEAUTIFUL JUNIPER IS ONLY FOUND IN BIG BEND NATIONAL PARK AND CAN ATTAIN HEIGHTS OF 55 FEET; HOWEVER, 25 TO 30 FEET IS MORE LIKELY. THE “WEEPING” BRANCHLETS AND NEEDLES FORM A VERY DISTINCTIVE SHAPE. Beard-Lip Penstemon (Penstemon barbatus) IN TEXAS IT IS ONLY FOUND IN THE TRANS-PECOS REGION IN ROCKY SOILS. IT SENDS UP 2 TO 4 FOOT STALKS WITH BRILLIANT, SCARLET FLOWERS WHICH ATTRACT HUMMINGBIRDS AND WILL BE FOUND BLOOMING IN SPRING, SUMMER AND FALL.

Dotted Gayfeather (Liatris punctata) A GREAT ADDITION TO THE XERISCAPING YARD AS THESE PLANTS BLOOM IN THE LATE SUMMER AND EARLY FALL SENDING UP PINK/PURPLE FLOWERS ON UNBRANCHED STEMS AND IT IS LONG-LIVED. EXCELLENT FOR ATTRACTING BUTTERFLIES TO YOUR YARD, THE VERY DEEP TAPROOT ALSO MAKES THEM VERY DROUGHT TOLERANT. THE ENTIRE PLANT CAN BE POWDERED AND MADE INTO A TEA FOR HEART PAINS. Wild Four O’clock (Mirabilis multiflora) This long-lived perennial will bloom from April through September and the blossoms usually open in the afternoon; hence, the common name of “Four O’clock.” This plant is very beneficial as several pollinator species will visit the blooms, bees, hummingbirds and a couple of species of nocturnal moths. It is believed to have even been used as food dating back 2,000 years. Used to make a tea, purplish-brown dye for wool, rheumatism, and externally as an oral aid for mouth disorders. Narrow- Forestiera (Foresteria angustifolia) This rounded, evergreen shrub has small, inconspicuous greenish-yellow flowers in the spring. It produces a small fruit that is readily eaten by birds and small mammals. In the U.S., this shrub is only found in southern Texas and in the Trans-Pecos region.

Velvetpod Mimosa (Mimosa dysocarpa) This small (3 to 6 feet tall) shrub has thorns but offers a large number of small, slightly fragrant flowers that form a cylindrical plume. It tends to bloom from June through October and the leaves will close if touched like sensitive plant. In west Texas, found only in Brewster, Presidio, and Jeff Davis Counties. Yellow Bells or Esperanza (Tecoma stans var. angustata) This popular landscaping shrub is native to west, southern and a few central counties in Texas. Its popularity is due to the large, yellow, trumpet-shaped flowers against dark green foliage and it is very drought tolerant. The native plant is shorter, more drought and cold tolerant than many of the tropical varieties sold in nurseries. It is a larval plant for the Southern Dogface butterfly. Texas Lantana (Lantana urticoides) This is the most recognized true Texas native lantana with its bright red, orange, and yellow colored flowers. It is found over a large part of the state and is one of the most popular native plants for landscaping. The berries, which are poisonous, are dark blue to black in color. This lantana will bloom April to October and can be trimmed back in winter to help keep it shrubby and thick. Desert Lantana

(Lantana achyranthifolia) This Lantana is found wild here in the gardens and while the blooms are smaller than some of the “varieties” of Lantana, they are wonderful for attracting a wide range of pollinators to your yard as it blooms from February through November. This bush is “lanky” compared too many other Lantanas and can grow 2 to 3 feet high. Indian Blanket

(Gaillardia pulchella) This is a short-lived annual that is a well-known wildflower throughout much of Texas and the United States. Blooming May through August, this flower picks up where Bluebonnet flowers leave off and add a red/yellow hue to many a roadside. While short-lived, it does readily reseed and can be easily started from . The Kiowa considered it to be good luck. Foothills Beargrass (Nolina erumpens) In the United States, this plant is native to Texas and New Mexico where it grows. The leaves are tough, long, and narrow and while similar to Sotol, it lacks the thorns found on Sotol. Nolina has been used to make soap and the fibers have been used for baskets, floors, and the stalks were used to feed cattle during droughts in time past. ECLIPSE WINDMILL This rare 10-foot Model P Eclipse Windmill was sold about 1900 by Fairbanks, Morse & Company. It is one of the many that played an important part in the development of west Texas. Windmills provided the power to bring vital, pure, thirst-quenching water to the surface. The reliable, long lasting Eclipse enabled the Texas pioneers to conquer and possess this land. This wooden tower, bought as a kit, was shipped out on the railroad and erected at the well site. CAUTION! This is not potable water. Do not drink the water.

WEATHER INSTRUMENTS Did you know Langtry is the site of the longest, continuously monitored weather station in Texas? This solar powered weather station and manual rain gauge are maintained for the national weather service. High, low and present temperatures are recorded every morning at 8:00 am and rain is measured as needed. Please do not disturb. Roy Bean’s

Billiard Table Legs CORAL FOSSILS Close examination of the cretaceous limestone reveals fossilized corals, gastropods, and other marine invertebrates that once lived in the sea here about 100 million years ago. This is found throughout many parts of the Trans Pecos region.

WEATHER INSTRUMENTS Did you know Langtry is the site of the longest, continuously monitored weather station in Texas? This solar powered weather station and manual rain gauge are maintained for the national weather service. High, low and present temperatures are recorded every morning at 8:00 am and rain is measured as needed. Please do not disturb.