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Wars with the Barbary Powers, Volume VI Part 1 Naval Documents related to the United States Wars with the Barbary Powers Volume VI Part 1 of 4 Naval Operations including diplomatic background from May 1805 through 1807 United States Government Printing Office Washington, 1944 Electronically published by American Naval Records Society Bolton Landing, New York 2011 AS A WORK OF THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT THIS PUBLICATION IS IN THE PUBLIC DOMAIN. NAVAL OPERATIONS FROM M.AY 1805 THROUGB 1807 WARS WITH BARBARY PO'TNERS SWORD WORN BY COMMODORE EDWARDPREBLE. COMMANDING U S. MEDITERRANEAN SQUADRON NAVAL DOCUMENTS RELATED TO TIIE UNITED STATES WARS WITH THE BARBARY POWERS VOLUME VI NAVAL OPERATIONS INCLUDING DIPLOMATIC BACKGROUND FROM MAY 1805 THROUGH 1807 PUBLISHED UNDER DIRECTION OF The Honorable JAMESV. FORRESTAL Secretary of ihe Navy PREPARED BY THE OFFICE OF NAVAL RECORDS AND LIBRARY NAVY DEPARTMENT, UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF CAPTAIN DUDLEY W. KNOX, U. S NAVY (RET.) UNITED STATKW GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WMBLNGTON : 1941 PREFACE With this sixth volume the publication of naval documents concern- ing the most important phase of our wars with the Barbarg Powers is concluded. For six years the United States had maintained a naval force of varying size and strength in the Mediterraneaa to protect our seaborne trade and to compel due respect for our flag. By the year 1807 Algiers, Tripoli, Tunis, and hforocco had all been brought to heel either by the direct application of naval power or by the fleet's moral influence in support of diplomatic efforts. This degree of pew and security for our interests that was attained in the Mediterranean coincided with growing tension elsewhere. The probability of a rup ture with either France or Great Britain steadily f&tersd. The Chesapeake-Leopard affair of 1807 precipitated the decision to with- draw all American naval forces from the Mediterranean to the home coast. In 1815-16 following the War of 1812 it again became neces- sary to send squadrons to North African waters to bring the Barbarg Powers to reason. It is hoped the naval documents concerning this ha1phase may be published in a future volume. Specifically this volume six covers in detail the operations of the various fleet units from May 1, 1805, through December 31, 1807. These operationsweremuch hampered by the great distance from home and the very poor basing facilities near the front. This deficiency was alleviated by the logistic support generously grmted by FIis Britannic Majesty's Dockyard at Malta and by our use of facilities at Syracuse through the kind permission of Neapolitan authorities. Included also in the volume we papers relating to the ending of General William Eaton's Derne expedition and to the liberation of the officers and crew of the frigate Philadelphia from the Tripolitan prisons. The more important diplomatic documents concerning the peace negotiations together with the "secret clause" in the Tripolitan Treaty are gi-cen, as are those covering the notably successful use by Commodore John Rodgers of diplomacy in combination with s demonstration of naval force in a crisis threatening a full-fledged out- break of war with Tunis. Foreshadowing thugs to come are many of the source maerials on the Chesapeake-Leopard affair. A composite index to the seven volumes of the Quasi-War with France and six volumes of the Barbary Wars is in course of prepara- tion with a view of publication ultimately. The detailed preparation of the work is largely that of Miss Loretta 1. MacCrindle, with Miss Catherine M. MacDonnell and Miss Georgia Freese as assistants, and with Lt. M. V. Brewington, U. S. N. R., as general supervisor. Lt. Comdr. John H. Kemble,U. S. N. R., rendered valuable assistance while assigned to this office. Through- out the volume, as ts its predecessors, it has been the aim to make the pmted text identical with the source in spelhg and punctuation. The publication of the series was made possible by Acts of Congress &Pproved first March 15, 1934, and hdly February 7, 1942. Free distribution is prohibited by law. DUDLEYW. KNOX, Captain, U.S. ATavy (Reiired), Wcer in Charge of Wce of hTaval Records and Library, Navy Department. iii ILLUSTRATIONS Page The medal presented by Congress to Commodore Edward Preble. Frontispiece From an etching by Jules Jacquemart in J. F. Loubat: Medaltic History of the United States. The sword worn by Commodore Edward Preble during his command in the Mediterranean. Reproduced by courtesy of United States Naval Academy Museum from its original. Frontispiece Trabaccolos. Vessels of this type were purchased by the U. S. Navy for use in the Mediterranean ........... From a water color sketch by Antoine Roux owned by The Peabody Museum, Salem, Massachusetts, reproduced by its kind permission. The Hon. Robert Smith, Secretary of the Navy, 1801-1809 . From a copy by U. D. Tenny in the Navy Department. The Fortress of Goletta near Tunis ............ From an engraving by A. Earle in Mordecai M. Noah: Travels in England, France, Spain and the Barbary States in the years 1815-15. Two sketches of Spanish Gunboats off Gibraltar, drawn 22 August 1806 by George Barrel1 ............. Reproduced through courtesy of Dr. E. Lee Dorsett from the original journal of the Brig Venus in hi possession. The monument by John Charles Michali, erected to the memory of the Naval Officerskilled before Tripoli in 1804. Originally placed in the Navy Yard, Washington, D. C., then in the grounds of the Capitol; removed in 1860 to the U. S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md. ............... By courtesy of the United States Naval Academy Museum. The U. S. Frigate Constitution getting under way with reefed topsails ....................... Reproduced through courtesy of the Massachusetts Historial Soaety. The sword presented to Captain Stephen Decatur, Jr., by Con- gress for the capture and burning of the frigate Philadelphia . Reproduced through the courtesy of Mr. Stephen Decatur from the original in his possession. Cutlass used by Midshipman Thomas Macdonough, 1804 . By courtesy of the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md., from its original. Dirk used by Captain Stephen Decatur, Jr., in the gunboat action in Tripoli harbor, 3 August 1804 ......... By courtesy of the United States Naval Academy Museum from its original. Cannon from a Tripolitan Gunboat captured by Captain Stephen Decatur, Jr., 3 August 1804 .......... From a photograph of the original now in the Navy Yard, Washing- ton, D. C. General map of the Mediterranean Sea .......... v ABBREVIATIONS INDEX TO SOZTRCFS A-4 ------------------ Archivist's symbol, Navy Department Archives. Ac ------------------- Acceesion. Ac 3647 -------------- Accession number, Library of Congress, Manuscripts Division. Aect --------_-------- Accountant. Aff ----.---_-------,, Affairs, Am ------------------ Americsn. Appts ---------------- Appoinbments. Bk -_--_--__-------_--Book. Boak B-- -- -.-----. -- Letter Book of Tobias Lear. OD ------_-__-_-_-.--Consular Despatehea, State Depmtment Recwda, the National Archives. CL -----------------_ Consular Lettem, Stste Department Records. CMR- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Court Martial Record. Gal------------_----- Collection. Gong----------------- Congrerss. Conp.- LB ------------- Letter Book of 1et~etato Congress from Secretam of the Navy, h-avy Department &chives. Cor _---- Correspondence. Decatur, Stephen, Col-- Cobtion of Mr. Stephen Decatur. Dent's LB -------_---- Letter Rook of Master Comdt, John 8. Dent. Dip. Cor- - ----- --- --- Diplomatic Correspondence, State Department Records. Disp ------ - --- --- -_- - Dispatches, State Department Records. Disp. to Con --__------Dispatches w Consuls, Gtate Departmat horde. Doc ------------------ Document or Documents. Dom. L -------------,Domestic Letters, Stste Department Records. EPP ----------------- Edward Preble Papers, Manuscripts Division, Librsrp of Congress. FA- ----------------- Foreign Archive., State Department Records. For. Re1---------_---- Foreign Relstiona Fox, J., Papers--_----- Josiah Fox Papers, Peabody Museum. GAO ----- - -- -- - - - - - -- General Accounting Office, Washington, D. C. GLB----------------- General Letter Book, Navy Department Archives. HS of Pa ------------_ Hitoricd hciety of Pennsylvanis. E.E.HuntingtonL&AG- Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gdery,.. Sm Marino, Calif. Inst. to Min ---------- Instructions to Ministers, State Department Records. Inv ------------------ Invalid. JRP----------------- John Rodgers Papers, Manuscripts Division, Library of Congress. L&AG--,------------ Library and Art Gallery. LB ------------------ Letter Book. LC --,---------------Library of Congtess. Let ------------------ Le&ters. LH ------------------ Letters Received, U. S. Marine Corps. LS------------------- Letters Sent, U. S. Marine Corps. Maine HS ------------ Maine Historical Society, Portland, Maine. MCA ---------------- U, S. Marine Carps Archives. MC LB -,-----,------Letters received from Master Commandants, X'avy Department Archives. Mist. LB--_-----_- --- Mkcellaneous Letter Book, Navy Department Archives. Misc. L--- - - - --- _ _ - -- Miscellaneous Letters, State Department Records. KA--- ------ .-- - - - - - - The National Archivea, Washin on, D. C. h.*. ND- -- --------- - Navy Depsrtment Records in t$ National Archives. NA. SDA ------------- State Depsrtment Records in the Nationd Amhives. Kav--- -------------- Naval. h'sval Chronicle--- _ - - _ United Sldcs Naval Clirmidc, by Chrh W88Won Goldsborough, 1824 vii viii ABBREVIATIONS IhTDEX TO SOUECES ND ------------------ Navy Department. NDA
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