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CIRSIUM GENUS IN "ALEXANDRU BELDIE" HERBARIUM FROM "MARIN DRĂCEA” NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOR FORESTRY

ILIE-COSMIN CÂNTAR1*, MARIA DINCĂ2 1“Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development for Forestry, Timișoara, Romania 2“Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development for Forestry, Brașov, Romania *Correspondence author e-mail: [email protected]

Keywords: Cirsum, herbarium, plants, collections, botanists

ABSTRACT

Cirsium Genus is well represented in “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium by 60 species and numerous subspecies. The herbarium, hosted by „Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, also contains additional information for each sample, such as: the plants’ harvesting places, harvesting dates and the name of specialists who have collected the sample. The present paper synthesizes, organizes and presents all the samples of Cirsium genus from this herbarium, taking into account different characteristics stored on plates. The obtained results were then rendered in graphic representations of harvesting periods, in a harvesting map and in a list of specialists who have collected the plants. The introduction contains a short description of the herbarium with the most representative genres, followed by a description of the method used for obtaining the systematization of the Cirsium genre. This was obtained by recording, for each sample, the number and drawer, the collection name, the specialist who collected the plant as well as the harvesting date and place. A conservation degree was also given from 1 to 4, where 1 means a very good conservation degree, and 4 is a very weak conservation degree. The most proliferous period for the herbarium’s development with Cirsium genus species was recorded between 1881-1900. A Cirsium pauciflorum Spr. plant is the oldest plant of this genus present in the herbarium and dates back to 1835, being collected from Călimani Mountains. Cirsium samples have been collected from all Europe with a focus on our country. The conclusions of the paper present interesting aspects regarding Cirsium genus samples from “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium.

INTRODUCTION

„Marin Drăcea” National Institute for abroad (Vechiu et al., 2018; Dincă et al., Research and Development in Forestry 2018). keeps in very good conditions one of the A special importance is also given most impressive plant collections from by the numerous personalities from our country – “Alexandru Beldie” previous decades who have contributed Herbarium. Created in 1929, the to the herbarium’s enrichment. herbarium is inscribed in Index herbarium Furthermore, the herbarium takes its with the international BUCF code. This name from Alexandru Beldie, one of the herbarium is remarkable both through its most remarkable botanists from our richness of plants, as well as through the countries who has dedicated almost his large areas from where the plants were entire career to studying the flora from gathered. As such, the collection has Bucegi Mountains (Beldie 1967, Beldie approximately 40.000 vouchers with 1972). plants harvested from Romania or from

Together with the Cirsium genus 2019), Amaranthus genus with 17 which is the subject of this paper, species (Dincă et al., 2018), Lycopodium “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium hosts in its genus with 7 species (Vechiu et al., collections thousands of samples from 2018), and Vaccinium genus with 6 different genera. The most well species (Scărlătescu et al., 2017). represented genres from this herbarium The plants were collected from are: Trifolium genus with 80 species abroad and especially from our country, (Cântar et al., 2018), Polygonum genus from different areas such as Bazoș with 41 species (Vechiu et al., 2018), Dendrology Park (Chisăliță et al., 2017), Bronus genus with 36 species (Tudor et or the former Vlașca County (Ciontu et al., 2019), Asperula genus with 25 al., 2019). species (Plesca et al., 2020), Centaurea genus with 19 species (Dincă et al.,

MATERIAL AND METHOD

The material used for the present characteristics (specie’s name and plant’s paper is represented by the 194 conservation degree, numbered on a herbarium vouchers that contain samples scale of 1 to 4; 1 – very good from the 60 Cirsium species and conservation degree; 4 – a poor subspecies. conservation degree), and the plant’s The method used consisted in harvesting (harvesting date and place, systemizing the Cirsium samples from the the name of the specialist that has 194 vouchers on the following criteria: the determined and/or collected it). plant’s location within the herbarium (the Table number 1 renders an excerpt botanic collection to which it belongs, from Cirsium inventory, resulted from the voucher drawer number, herbarium systematization method. drawer number), the sample’s

Table 1 Cirsium Genus inventory from Al. Beldie Herbarium, INCDS Bucharest (excerpt) Herbarium/ Collected/ Drawer Voucher Harvesting Harvesting Conservation Botanic Collection/ Specie’s name Determine number number date place degree (1..4) Institution d by: Museum Botanicum distr. Universitatis, Cluj / Cirsium erisithales E. I. 189 89 1929.07.31. Hunedoara, 1 Flora Romaniae (Jacq.) Scop. Nyarady Șerel 800m exsiccata Distr. Cluj University’s Cirsium palustre E.I.Nyarad 189 57 1929.08.23. Odorhei, 1 Herbarium (L.) Scop. y sat Corund Herbarium Werner Cirsium oleraceum B.Rothmale 189 41 1930.06.17. Erfurt 1 Rothmaler x tuberosum r Bucharest C.C. Polytechnic’s School Cirsium erisithales jud. 189 79 1931.07.08. Georgescu, 1 Herbarium, Botanic (Jacq.) Scop. Hunedoara Cretzoiu Laboratory Bucharest Cirsium Muntii 189 65 Polytechnic’s School panonicum (L.f.) 1931.07.21. P.Cretzoiu 1 Ceahlau Herbarium Gaud. Bucharest C.C. Polytechnic’s School Cirsium acaule Banat, 189 13 1931.08.12. Georgescu/ 1 Herbarium, Botanic All. Cornereva P. Cretzoiu Laboratory Cirsium A.Haralam Valea 189 69 ICEF pauciflorum 1933.08.01 b, J. 1 Lotrului Sprengel Neuwirth ICEF, the Institute of At. Cirsium decussatu Piscul 189 64 Forestry Research and 1934.06.09. Haralamb, 1 m Janka Câineui Experimentation J. Neuwirth 69

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS monspessulanum, Cirsium pyrenaicum and Cirsium vulgare), were used Cirsium is a genus from the traditionally as food in rural areas from Asteraceae family, Asterales order. Some South Europe. Cirsium oleraceum is species (Cirsium arvense) are cultivated as food source in Japan and widespread, while the majority are native India (www.wikipedia.org). in Eurasia, North Africa and North The Cirsium systematization after America (even though some species the species name has allowed the were introduced outside their natural identification of 60 species within areal). Some Cirsium species (Cirsium “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Vouchers from “Alexandru Beldie” herbarium with Cirsium species

This has further led to identifying of species were identified: 27 the most well represented species from Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., 18 Cirsium this herbarium. As such, the following oleraceum (L.) Scop., 17

Cirsium erisithales (Jacq.) Scop., 13 Cirsium palustre (L.) Scop.. All the other Cirsium pauciflorum (W.K.) Spr., 11 species present in the herbarium have Cirsium rivulare (Jacq.) All. and 10 less than 10 samples.

Figure 2. Representative Cirsium species from “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium

As it can be seen in Figure number commonly known as Siberian thistle or 2, the most well represented species cabbage thistle, is native to eastern within the herbarium is Cirsium arvense. central Europe and Asia. It grows in wet Cirsium arvense, a perennial species of lowland soils and is an herbaceous flowering plant from Asteraceae family is perennial plant that can grow up to 1.5 m native throughout Europe, western Asia (www.wikipedia.org). and northern Africa from where it was In regard with the time period in widely introduced elsewhere. Creeping which the herbarium’s Cirsium collection thistle is the standard name for this plant were developed, the obtained in its native area, while in other places it systematization has allowed the is commonly known as Canadian thistle identification of a time interval (1835- or field thistle. Cirsium arvensis is a 1994) in which the plants were harvested. beneficial plant for pollinators, being rich The herbarium’s development time period in nectar (www.wikipedia.org). is graphically rendered in Figure number The second most well represented 3 by reporting the number of harvested species within the herbarium is Cirsium plants on period of 20 years. oleraceum (L.) Scop. Cirsium oleraceum,

Figure 3. Harvesting period of Cirsium samples from „Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium

As it can be seen, the Cirsium samples of 1835 from Călimani Mountains, Tihului were gathered on a period of almost 160 Valley by C. C.Georgescu. years (1835-1994), most of them being The analysis of the plants’ origin harvested in the last decades of the XIXth places was realized based on the same century (1881-1900) or in the period systematization method, taking between the two world wars. advantage of the harvesting places The oldest plant identified in the mentioned on each voucher. Based on herbarium and which has an exceptional this data, a map was created for visually scientifical and historical value is 185 representing the places from our years old, being harvested in the summer countries from where the plants were collected (Fig. 4).

Figure 4. Harvesting locations of Cirsium species from „Alexandru Beldie” herbarium

As it can be seen in Figure number Haralamb, Cretzoiu, Păun, Buia, Todor, 4, the harvesting places belong to all Borza, Beldie, Borza, Onică, Georgescu, Romanian provinces and especially from Badea, Ciucă, Cîrțu, Morariu, Prodan, the main mountain and hill regions (the Todor, Ciuca, Haret, Iacobescu, Pteancu, country’s center, the Carpathians). A Todor, Pascovschi, Iacob, Berker, Goller, strong connection exists between the Richter, Coman, Pellat, Neuwirth , harvesting places and the activity of the Nyarady, Gurtler, Makomski, Hillestorm, specialists who have worked in enriching Fleischer, Rothmaler, Bordere, Bruyers, the herbarium. Rossetti, Ozanon, Stormer, Derby, The intensive analysis of voucher Schatz, Durrnberger, Khek, Reverchon, annotations allows the creation of a list of Hausser, Eysn, Gerard, Beaudoni, specialists who have contributed to the Groves, Bornmuller, Juratzka, Ortmann, development of this collection. As such, Schultz, Abbe Faure, Leithner, Gandoger, the Romanian and foreign specialists who Malinky, Kerke, Guzzino, Reiner, Romer, have left their mark in creating the Rothmaler, Chaboisseau, Bunes, Volke, present Cirsium collection were: Woeff, Wolff.

CONCLUSIONS genus amount to 194 and total 60 species. Amongst them, the most Cirsium Genus is well represented numerous samples belong to arvense (L.) within “Alexandru Beldie” Herbarium from Scop. (27 samples). INCSD “Marin Drăcea”. The vouchers The oldest plant has 185 years and that contain species that belong to this holds a remarkable scientific and 72

Anallelle Uniiversiităţiiii diin Craiiova, seriia Agriiculltură – Montanollogiie – Cadastru (Annalls of the Uniiversiity of Craiiova - Agriicullture, Montanollogy, Cadastre Seriies) Voll. L/2020 historical value. Furthermore, from the country. The harvesting places are 194 plants present in the herbarium, over focused on the country’s center and the 70 date back to the XIX century. Carpathian Mountains. The plants that form the Cirsium The majority of plants were collections were harvested from all collected in the last decades of the XIX around Romania and especially from the century and during the period between main mountain and hill units of our the two world wars.

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