ANNUAL REVIEW 2014 cover image: Silk Moth by Nils Vanwezer, UCL Institute of Archaeology Highly Commended (Best Fit to Theme) First Prize, Resources:Framed Photography Competiton 2014 DIRECTOR’S REPORT

This UCL ISR Annual Review reports on the third year ambitious research programmes in bioenergy and of our activities, since its founding through a generous hydrogen. At UCL ISR’s instigation, UCL has signed a donation from BHP Billiton Sustainable Communities Memorandum of Understanding with the Joint Research (BHPBSC). It also marks the year when UCL ISR can be Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, to facilitate said to have come of age. cooperation especially between UCL ISR and the JRC Institute for Sustainability at Ispra in Italy. The two UCL The main heads of the five-year founding agreement ISR Professors are well-known internationally, and play between UCL and BHPBSC provided for the appointment important roles in UNEP’s International Resource Panel, of the BHP Billiton Chair in Sustainable Global Resources, the European Resource Efficiency Platform, and German the recruitment of 20 PhD students in the field of and UK expert bodies, as well as UKERC, of which I am sustainable resource management, and the organisation Deputy Director. of an annual Symposium related to the UCL Grand Challenges. On teaching UCL ISR was the architect of the Masters in the Economics and Policy of Energy and the Environment As is clear from the report below, the last 14 months (EPEE), which started its second year in September 2014. have seen the fulfilment of all these commitments. With over 50 students in its first year, split about evenly Raimund Bleischwitz took up the Chair in Sustainable between European and non-European students, and 60 in Global Resources in August 2013, the last two of the its second, this has been a resounding success. A Masters PhD students arrived at UCL ISR in September 2014, in Sustainable Resources is now in preparation, for launch the second Grand Challenges Symposium was held in in September 2016. November 2013, and the third is scheduled for November 2014. There is, of course, much more to do, in terms of understanding both the nature of sustainable resource It was expected, of course, that on this foundation UCL management and what changes in policy and practice ISR would establish itself as a world-class Institute for are required to bring it about. But at the same time this Sustainable Resources in terms of both research and Institute is already making a very positive contribution to teaching. While it is perhaps not up to me to judge as to these important objectives, as this Review shows in some whether this broader objective has yet been achieved, detail. I hope that you find it inspiring and enjoyable, and the information in this Review bears witness to intense will very much welcome your feedback. activity in both these areas, that spans a range of relevant subjects and that is carried out in partnership with leading organisations at national, European and international levels.

Research has been or is being carried out with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), HSBC Bank and the European Commission. Paul Ekins Nationally UCL ISR leads the Energy Resources theme Professor of Resources and Environmental Policy, and of the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC) and has Director UCL Institute for Sustainable Resources

3 RESEARCH

UCL ISR continued to strengthen its research portfolio in 2013/14 with the addition of several new projects. These projects not only complement the Institute’s existing research programme, but have widened our project diversity under the five main themes: definitions and indicators of sustainability; green economy; biotic resources; abiotic resources; and resource efficiency.

Meanwhile, during the year a number of the Institute’s short-term research activities reached their conclusion, producing a range of valuable and insightful outputs. Taneja image (c) Vidit

COMPLETED PROJECTS published in the Lancet in February disciplines across UCL – argues that 2015.The report will conduct a the need to mitigate climate change Lancet Commission - Climate review of the climate science and its and growing resource insecurity Crisis: Emergency Actions to subsequent impacts on human health mean that decisive action is now Protect Human Health since 2009. needed by the UK government to green the economy. In 2013 researchers from UCL During Climate Week 2014 (3-9 ISR joined colleagues across March), the Lancet Commission Greening the Recovery argues that UCL to begin the 2013 UCL- project team also joined UCL staff there is a window of opportunity for Tsinghua Lancet Commission on and students in blogging daily policies that acknowledge future Climate Change. The commission through the week. resource constraints and deliver represented an ambitious new more sustainable growth. Such initiative aimed at bringing together policies will address fundamental senior international climate scientists, UCL Green Economy Policy Commission structural weaknesses in the economists, energy experts, and innovation system and infrastructure health professionals. It offered an The UCL Green Economy Policy provision and achieve a more robust opportunity to accelerate mitigation Commission concluded in 2014 with economic recovery. and adaptation policy to respond to the publication of the project’s final the health effects of climate change. report ‘Greening the Recovery’. The The report provides a comprehensive Commission (chaired by UCL ISR overview of the key elements of The Commission will deliver its final Director, Professor Paul Ekins) and a green economy. It emphasises report in December 2014, to be drawn from a range of academic that a green economy is not about 4 niche sectors, but about the whole relevant to their research interests UCL ISR is also in charge of the economy. As well as identifying and find people who share these global trends analysis. RECREATE the major challenges for the UK, interests. Equally important as this will also condense strategically it makes a number of specific interactive network, are the absences important information for research recommendations for policies to that can be identified. policy-makers. address them. The map draws attention to gaps in The research results will be made Greening the Recovery identifies the research field and the relative available to policy-makers, research innovation, infrastructure and distances between departments funding agencies, researchers and information as the key areas in which around specific themes or resources. other stakeholders and the general policies are needed to support a public in the form of reports, an green economy, in addition to arguing The long-term aim is to create a fully online presence and concise policy for environmental fiscal reform and interactive web-based tool which will briefs, by the project’s conclusion in specific policies at UK and EU level lead to new research collaborations 2018. to support resource efficiency. as users to navigate UCL’s extensive

cross disciplinary expertise on cities Wind2050: local acceptance of The Commission’s work was and resources finding research wind power projects in Denmark, presented widely to government synergies and identifying research Ireland and the UK departments and conferences in the gaps. UK and abroad, and has resulted in a IN 2013 UCL ISR joined partners request to prepare a policy paper on in Denmark, Ireland and across the innovation for the UK Trades Union ONGOING PROJECTS UK on a unique project drawing Congress. on international experience to understand the dynamics of local RECREATE: Raw Materials and acceptance of both off-shore and Mapping UCL Research on Innovation Policy land based wind energy projects Sustainable Cities and Sustainable Starting in July 2013, The focusing on the institutional and Resources RECREATE project seeks to improve regulatory context, as well as In 2013, as part of the Sustainable the understanding of how policy technical and social aspects in Resources for Sustainable Cities interventions impact research and project development. Symposium, UCL ISR commissioned innovation developments in the fields a mapping exercise to scope the of climate action, resource efficiency The scientific findings of the research landscape at UCL, with and raw materials, and how these Wind2050 project will form the basis particular regard to research relating are interrelated. for recommendations to both improve to cities and sustainability. and guide public regulation and Within the overall project UCL decision-making processes and to The resulting online visualisation ISR will develop a scoreboard ensure private project developers map/tool, designed and built by that compares, measures and mitigate the risk of an unsatisfactory Martin Zaltz Austwick at CASA and benchmarks research-based implementation of wind power Charlotte Johnson at UCL ISR, innovation efforts in the European projects. allows UCL’s research terrain to be Research Area (ERA) along the navigated in a number of ways. three dimensions of raw materials, These are actions that are vital in resource efficiency, climate action, order to achieve its target of a fossil- Users can select the themes that are and their interactions. free energy system by 2050. 5 Policy Options for a Resource- development of the project’s work including a number of workshops and Efficient Economy packages, while a number of reports conferences and the production of UCL ISR is leading this six-institute have also already been produced. reports, policy briefings and scenario project, which has constructed a planning papers. theoretical framework for the analysis of resource efficiency, with detailed Choosing Efficient Combinations comparison of policies at EU and of Policy Instruments for Low- Environmental Macro-Indicators of Member State level, and an analysis carbon development and Innovation of business barriers to resource Innovation Work in the EMInInn project also efficiency. The CECILIA2050 project combines continued throughout 2013-14 with a backward-looking (ex-post) and a the project now nearing its 2015 The project team are developing forward-looking (ex-ante) analysis to completion date. an enhanced understanding of the understand how policy instruments drivers of inefficient resource use, work in interaction, what factors This seven-partner project aims to as well as new policies to enhance determine their performance, and generate deeper insights into the resource efficiency, on scenarios how the European climate policy role of innovation in decoupling and on modelling a resource-efficient instrument mix should evolve to environmental impacts from economy. guide the transformation to a low- economic growth, helping policy carbon economy. makers to both assess the benefits In the past year a number of project- from past innovations as well as related stakeholder workshops have Activities relating to this project maximise benefits from present and been coordinated to help inform continued throughout 2013-14, emerging innovations. image (c) iStockPhoto 6 NEW PROJECTS system model with electricity and gas Investments in Resource network models from the University Efficiency UK Energy Research Centre of Edinburgh to assess the direct UCL ISR began a collaboration (UKERC) value of electrolysed hydrogen for with the European Bank for A major new research grant was use in the gas network (power-to- Reconstruction and Development received by UCL ISR when in gas), industry, transport or for large- (EBRD) in early 2014 to analyses the May 2014 the Research Councils’ scale electricity storage. We are rationale for investments in resource Energy Programme confirmed the also extending the UCL SHIPMod efficiency and provide a framework commissioning of a Phase 3 for the infrastructure planning model to for assessing such investment UK Energy Research Centre, with identify the optimum deployment decisions in practise. The project will Paul Ekins being appointed UKERC of hydrogen supply infrastructure outline costs and benefits for those Deputy Director and the Co-Director across the UK. investments from an environmental, economic and political point of view. to lead UKERC’s Energy Resources and Vectors theme. Bioenergy value chains Furthermore, it will evaluate the Over five years this theme will The EPSRC Bioenergy Value Chains practical barriers to investments and explore the role in the world’s project aims to better understand the analyse how they relate to market energy system of unconventional potential role of biomass in the UK and government failures as well as oil and gas, the macro-economic energy system. additional inefficiencies. It presents various intervention measures for implications of different UK energy policy makers and international futures, the network implications This project will integrate models of financial institutions to overcome of decarbonisation at the UK and different aspects of the international investment barriers and promote European levels, and the impacts and UK bioenergy supply chains resource efficiency investments. of different energy system on water across multiple scales. The resulting resources and eco-systems. tools will provide guidance to policy makers about the complex social and Natural Capital Accounting Hydrogen’s value in the energy environmental impacts of differing Working in partnership with the system bioenergy strategies to underpin Global Legislators Organisation, policy development. The EPSRC Hydrogen’s value in GLOBE International, UCL ISR the energy system (HYVE) project has published a major review of is assessing the potential value of We are attempting to better estimate national laws and policies in 21 hydrogen to the UK as part of a the potential size of international countries concerning natural capital transition to a low-carbon economy. bioenergy trade in the future using accounting. The study featured Through it we are estimating the the TIAM-UCL global energy system contributions from 56 individuals, potential demand for and the value of model. We are also examining the including parliamentarians, hydrogen in different markets across most appropriate uses of biomass government officials, external the energy system. resources in the UK using the new consultants, and experts from UCL. UKTM-UCL model. These studies Hydrogen from electrolysers can will provide boundary conditions for The study was officially launched contribute to load balancing in the UK the more spatially-explicit models of on 7 June 2014 at the 2nd World electricity system as the penetration bioenergy value chains that are being Summit of Legislators, hosted by the of renewable electricity increases. developed by the rest of the project Mexican Congress of the Union in We are soft-linking the UKTM energy consortium. Mexico City. 7 Doctoral Research

In 2013 UCL ISR appointed the of PhDs have made progress on both their work on modeling resources and majority of its BHP Billiton funded developing the SGAP methodology and natural capital, further strengthening studentships, 13 in total. Within this generating data to make it operational, UCL ISR’s modelling capabilities cohort, eight of the studentships will as a foundation for their own research in this crucial research area. This collaborate on measuring regional topic, related to some aspect of the modeling team will be further progress toward or away from sustainable management of their strengthened in 2015 with the environmental sustainability. particular resources, such as water, air appointment of a senior academic to or materials. lead this topic area. This work stems from Paul Ekins’ previous research at Keele In addition, we have appointed four On the following pages each of our University, where he developed further researchers considering wider, students outlines their research the “sustainability gap” (SGAP) but complementary areas of work; project and the work they have been metric. The SGAP is designed to sustainability and cities, business, undertaking over the past year. measure the difference between resource politics and modeling the current impact levels and sustainable economic contribution of resources to Lessons in sustainable waste limits. It is then used to calculate natural capital. management from an ancient Maya the “Years-to-Sustainability” (YtS) salt production centre in Belize indicator, which describes a region’s In 2014, we appointed the remaining Lindsay Duncan progress over time either toward two BHP Billiton funded studentships, Over the past year my research or away from sustainability. Over bringing the total cohort to 20. These encompassed investigations of the last 12 months, the new group final two researchers will also focus the archaeological deposits and environmental history at the ancient Maya site of Marco Gonzalez in Belize; exploring ancient activities, characterising the fabric of cultural materials and identifying environmental markers.

This information will be used to study the relationship between human occupation and the formation of fertile soils and increased biodiversity at the site, which emphasise a very long-term impact of humans on the environment.

This summer I visited Ambergris Caye in Belize to complete data collection started in Summer image (c) UCL ISR image (c) UCL 2013, which included soil sample 8 processing (excavated in 2013) to and took the opportunity of the the industry will impact on energy retrieve ancient plant material that MSc dissertation to explore a demand and profitability of industry, will be used to study environmental microcosm of the cultural politics and how the effects of these changes history and the relationship between of water in Chennai. I undertook a can be mitigated by investing in activities and black carbon, which is month long ethnography of a single energy efficient technologies. a potentially large contributor to soil neighbourhood observing household Energy systems and simulation fertility. Work was also initiated on the water usage practices. decision making models will be used quantification and characterisation to analysis the effects of different of cultural materials in the The dissertation confirmed the proposed energy-related policies archaeological deposits to determine premise that urban water supply and the resulting environment and the repository of available parent was far from a techno-natural project economic benefits/costs. materials for soil formation. and was shaped by social, political and cultural processes. I have been My research in the coming year working towards my MPhil to PhD Towards sustainable and risk will seek to identify the nature of upgrade in the past year, building a free gas production from an the archaeobotanical remains and conceptual framework to approach unconventional source continue the characterisation of the study of the desalination projects. Jabraan Ahmed cultural material in order to produce I will be starting fieldwork in January, After what has been an extremely a systemic view of resource use, 2015, first at Chennai, followed by challenging year, we have made other activities and waste disposal, London. significant headway on the project that contributed to environmental concerning sustainable and risk-free signatures seen at the site today. shale-gas production. Energy efficiency in the Zambian copper industry The main barriers to progress Sustainability of ‘manufactured Bernard Tembo involved the procurement of suitable water’: Comparative political Zambia’s economy is heavily reliant material to conduct our suite of ecology of desalination plants on it’s copper industry. Growth of analyses on. With this hurdle almost Niranjana Ramesh the industry means corresponding past us, the study has somewhat My research project examines how growth in the economy, however, changed scope incorporating material discourses of sustainability emerged this could also cause other negative from not only the Bowland, but also in the planning process leading up side effects. Some of the effects other UK basins including the Craven to the construction of desalination would lead to increased investment and Weald. plants feeding urban water networks in the energy supply system. Thus, in London, UK and Chennai, India. understanding how the energy This more comprehensive study will system will evolve is of primary allow me to compare and contrast It will explore desalination technology interest. theories on shale deposition in as a site of discursive politics in the different environments and give governance of urban water. Through The second theme of the research tighter constraints on its architecture, a comparative analysis of the two focuses on understanding how which is fundamental in determining case studies, it will consider global investment decisions are made in where the gas is actually generated. and local production of knowledge. the local industry, particularly with respect to energy efficiency and The inclusion of the Weald basin During my first year, I completed a profitability. The research investigates in particular will prove to be very Masters course in Urban Studies, how changing energy drivers in insightful given that it contains all the 9 necessary geological elements to CGE-UCL will work with various can broadly be summarised in three produce shale-gas, yet seems to be aggregations of countries and categories: Cost reduction, risk void of the resource. economic activities and will prove mitigation, and value creation. to be versatile in a wide range The groundwork has also been laid of energy-environment-economy Cost reduction as a consequence for addressing the risk element of modelling (3E) exercises. I am of material efficiency refers to the project. Given interest in UK currently looking into extending reduced resource expenditure shale-gas systems has only risen the model to comprise a detailed at the firm level, or the unlocking recently, there is a severe lack of representation of water use in the of funds for investments at the literature evaluating the effect of agricultural sector. macro level potentially enhancing gas stimulation processes and their competitiveness. Risk mitigation impact on local seismicity. With strong micro-economic pertains to hedging against material foundations, the model will aim at price volatility (ie lower exposure It seems obvious such practises capturing the substitution possibilities to price fluctuations), as well as would increase induced seismicity between natural capital and other reduction of negative externalities, and potentially reactivate movement factors of production in a dynamic which may entail environmental on fault planes within the shallow setting. risks and help to sustain an existing crust. However estimates on the level of competitiveness. Value upper bounds, with respect to CGE-UCL will thus be used to creation can result in an increase in the volume of fluid injected, have simulate pathways to sustainable competitiveness both on the micro been called into question due to development under different and macro level through for instance over simplification of the geology assumptions for policy intervention, the promotion of (eco-) innovations, and assumptions made in these technological progress and resource the creation of new markets (e.g. calculations. productivity. The incidence of recycling markets), and an improved the considered scenarios will be corporate image. Through numeric modelling with analysed from various angles which data input from my analyses of the will cover the three axes of SD. In the past year, as part of a research aforementioned shales, I hope to collaboration with the European Bank be place a more realistic value on In my doctoral research, I will be for Reconstruction and Development, these estimates and determine which employing the CGE-UCL model I contributed to the report factors exert the greatest influence formulation to analyse the economy- ‘Investments in Resource Efficiency: on induced seismicity. wide implications of water pricing Costs and Benefits, Investment policies triggered by environmental Barriers, and Intervention Measures’ and food security considerations. as a co-author. Macro-modelling natural capital: water pricing policies Victor Nechifor-Vostinaru Resource efficiency strategies in Material flows and urban In the past 12 months, I have been the European Union metabolism engaged in developing the Institute’s Florian Flachenecker Louise Guibrunet CGE-UCL model. CGE-UCL is a My research focuses on the channels The objective of my research is general equilibrium economic model through which material efficiency to develop a method to represent relying on the GTAP database which can influence competitiveness in urban material flows in the context in its current version comprises 129 the European Union. There are of the informal economy. It is argued countries and 57 economic sectors. several different channels, but they that urban metabolism studies and 10 the methods associated (such as material flow analysis) need to integrate resource flows that take place in informal contexts in order to increase their relevance as a policy tool.

My research will explore the possibility of using methods of co- production of knowledge with non- expert stakeholders to generate data on urban material flows associated with informal economic activities, using the case study of the informal markets of Tepito in Mexico City.

In the past year I have contributed to the ‘Globe Natural Capital image (c) iStockPhoto Accounting Study’ (UCL ISR project) some of these gaps and began I am particularly interested in and published a book review in an initial proof of concept for my how national-scale conservation ‘Sustainable Urban Metabolism’ in methodology. strategies consider the relationship the journal Regional Studies. between environmental/biodiversity During the summer, I published my conservation and ecosystem services first conference paper on a portion of management and whether they are Energy systems, air pollution and this work at the International Society considered to be complementary land public health for Ecological Economics (ISEE) uses, or whether they are perceived Melissa Lott annual meeting in Reykjavik, Iceland. to be competing land uses. I am currently conducting research This publication focused on a at the intersection of energy systems process for measuring sustainability To this end, I am currently focused on and public health. During my trends related to air pollution and developing a map-based strategy to first year at UCL, I have focused public health in the United Kingdom. assess this in priority areas identified on developing the methodology I also completed limited analysis on in national strategies. Additionally, that I will use to investigate my my initial data sets, which will be the over the past year, I have worked research questions related to urban basis for my longer-term PhD work. on several projects looking at transportation systems and the air different aspects of sustainability and pollution that they create. conservation. Ecosystems, biodiversity and Through coursework, a literature sustainability Projects of particular note include review, and discussions with key Marie Longnecker The Globe Natural Capital researchers in the United Kingdom, My research interests include Accounting Study 2nd Edition, for I have identified key gaps between biodiversity, ecosystem services, which I was an academic contributor, energy system, air pollution and sustainability and applied as well as work on the Sustainability public health models. I have then conservation in the face of Gap or SGAP Indicator for structured a process for bridging global environmental change. biodiversity. 11 Governance of the mairine Sustainability, policy and business force in the greening of the economy, environment and the role of Marine Nino Jordan and the sustainable use of natural Protected Areas In the first year of my PhD I have resources supported by government Thuy Duong Khuu gathered a variety of publicly policies and bilateral environmental cooperation agreements. The global marine environment is accessible sources on corporate currently under a very high pressure preferences towards environmental I will analyse functional linkages resulting from the rapid population regulation. I have also looked into between the mining industry and growth and economic development. how these could be related to a resource efficiency supporting Many marine resources have shown variety of measures on corporate sectors in the context of physical, signs of degradation and depletion environmental performance, such environmental and social limits to such as many highly productive as toxic chemical releases and production, as governments and fisheries have collapsed, marine greenhouse gas emissions. businesses in mining countries and coastal habitats have been need to adapt and prevent further degraded, and climate change is I have explored how these and other environmental pressures. changing some characteristics of the additional variables could be best marine environment. analysed with a range of different software tools. In this process I have Interaction of materials and energy further acquainted myself with the My research is firstly to analyse technologies in future energy quantitative text analysis capabilities transition pathways whether or not the use of marine of the statistical packages Stata and resource (focusing on fisheries R, the qualitative text coding software Seyed Mehdi Mohaghegh sector) is sustainable and how long it MAXQDA, and the management of In my PhD I explore the interaction of would take to reach to sustainability relational databases with SQL. materials and energy technologies. It based on the Sustainability Gap is anticipated that the deployment of Framework. As a result of the first year I have low-carbon technologies will increase devised two research designs that in response to the threat posed by climate change. The data to be assessed is at aim to tackle similar questions, UK level. Since many marine yet approach the formation of The main aim is to investigate conservationists have strongly preferences towards the regulation of whether there are sufficient amounts clarified the role of Marine Protected different environmental pollutants in of material to deploy these low- Areas on the conservation of more qualitative or quantitative ways, carbon technologies on the scale depleted fish stocks and marine respectively. needed, and, further, what are the environment and in implementing of potential bottlenecks caused by the the ecosystem based management. Sustainable Resource Governance consequent increase in demand from in Mining Countries – The Case of energy sector. The second part of my research Australia and Chile will be on Marine Protected Areas, Ruya Perincek For this purpose, I am using on whether or not they are the real My research considers sustainable TIAM-UCL which is an integrated solution to achieve environmental resource management and assessment model. By considering sustainability in the use of marine governance in mining countries, with the material requirement of resources and how the good a particular focus on Australia and energy technologies, bottom-up, governance of MPAs can be put into Chile. I am investigating the role technology-rich energy system practice to obtain their targets. of the mining industry as a driving models can be used to examine and 12 calculate demand-side dynamics Key to solving waste problems is to when these added stores are unable in conjunction with supply-side understand why something is called to meet the proportion of demand dynamics. Such an approach would waste in the first place, which has that is in excess of those supplies represent a significant enhancement to do with government regulation, which are derived from discharge, to the existing literature. My PhD human behaviour and market at the intra-annual temporal scale. also contributes to the third phase of economics. The metric further incorporates UKERC research program. Environmental Flow Requirements The management of waste is inspired and will be trialed in the Great Ruaha The second theme of UKERC’s by different strategies for minimising Basin, Tanzania. project, which is led by Paul Ekins, environmental impacts and resource will explore the current and future depletion, such as the waste During 2013/14 I have held the role roles of different resources and hierarchy or the circular economy. of Team Leader at the Singapore energy vectors in the UK energy By capturing such strategies in International Water Week’s Young system. indicators, and comparing their Water Leader’s Summit; been scores with environmental impacts, a Rapporteur at the Stockholm In the last year I conducted a I hope to discover the strategies’ International Water Institute’s World quantitative literature review on the relative merit and limitations. Water Week; and elected Youth studies addressed the energy related Water Leader by the Water Youth critical materials and presented my In summary, I hope to find the links Network. results in International School on between waste generation, resource consumption, environmental Energy Systems (ISES 2014) held by Recently, I also joined the Editorial Jülich Research Centre. sustainability, conceptions of waste and different waste and resource Board of The Journal of Water and management strategies, and Gender and its involvement in the hopefully contribute to the human U.N. World Water Assessment Solid waste, recycling, and the Programme’s Gender Working group, circular economy understanding of environmental problems and their solutions. which subsequently led me to launch Stijn van Ewijk Y2H2O: Youth to Water Bulletin In my PhD research I try to where I serve as Editor-in-Chief. understand the role of solid waste Sustainable Water Resources and generation and treatment in Policy achieving sustainable production and Simon Damkjaer Sustainability, land degredation consumption. Water scarcity is defined as an and land-water-biomass resources imbalance between water demand Darshini Ravindranath Waste pollutes the environment and flux-derived annual water My research over the past year through waste recovery, incineration, supply and metrics that assess has focused on land degradation and landfilling. Furthermore, waste such conditions ignore the role that and climate resilience. Current generation drives consumption since surface and groundwater stores play approaches to managing dryland disposed goods are substituted when estimating water availability. degradation often fail to produce with new ones. As a consequence, significant improvements because the many environmental impacts of My research aims to derive a metric local knowledge is often undervalued production and consumption can which incorporates ground and and the complexity of underlying partly be avoided by being less surface water storage in order to processes leading to degradation are wasteful. redefine water scarcity to occur only not well understood. 13 image (c) iStockPhoto

The aim of my research is to provide aims and methodology I was involved Project in Taipei, Taiwan. a methodological framework that in a project at the Asia Research investigates land degradation through Centre at the London School of Non-renewable resources – not only conservation/restoration of Economics & Political science (LSE). economic and fiscal management land-water-biomass resources but As part of a wider project I worked on of fossil commodities also the adaptability of its ecosystem a climate resilience study of dryland Jun Rentschler to adjust to climate variability and districts in Karnataka, India. Throughout this year I have been risks. pursuing various research projects I was also co-author to a book on the topics of environmental With a focus on a multi-scale analysis chapter, Sustainable Growth and taxation, discounting of carbon of three dryland agro-ecosystems in Climate Change: Evolution of mitigation projects, fossil fuel subsidy India, the framework will identify the India’s Strategies, in ‘The Global reforms and the economic costs of ways through which status and use Development of Policy Regimes to oil price volatility – a number of these of land-water-biomass resources Combat Climate Change’ edited by are research collaborations with the intersect with patterns of vulnerability Bowen, A. Whalley, J. and Stern, World Bank. (to current climate variability and N; from the Grantham Research future climate risk). Institute on Climate Change. I The methodologies in these have also presented my work at projects include General Equilibrium In addition to working on my research a conference of the Global Land modelling, as well as econometric 14 analysis of time series data. With of existing models to appraising the economic variables. In the next a keen interest in climate change way that Natural Capital attempts step, an econometric model will be adaptation and resilience building, to link ecosystems with the human adapted or built to better represent I am also involved in the drafting of economy. These studies take natural capital, ecosystem goods and a report on the economic benefits various forms differing in spatial and services, technological change, and of disaster risk management (with temporal dimensions allowing for consumer behaviour. the World Bank’s Global Facility for global, regional, static and dynamic Disaster Reduction and Recovery, in investigation. Finally, the model will be used to partnership with LSE and ODI). understand the processes and This research will be partly determinants of green and brown Commissioned by the European conducted through reviewing growth and to explore environmental Bank for Reconstruction and case studies, and by exploring policy options including green growth Development (EBRD), I also co- the success with which theoretical and no growth scenarios. authored a report on market failures models have been used in historic in the context of resource efficiency policy implementation, academic STRONG START FOR investments in the industrial sector. appraisal will be tested against actual ENERGY AND THE observations. ENVIRONMENT MSC Currently, I am involved in applying the insights from this report to Simultaneously I will build my own The Economics and Policy of Energy country assessments and project models under the framework of and the Environment MSc, developed evaluations as part of the EBRD’s existing modelling techniques such by the UCL-Energy Institute and UCL Sustainable Resource Initiative. as econometrics, input/ output ISR, proved extremely successful Lastly, the World Development modelling and general equilibrium in its first year, with more than 200 Report 2014 for which I was a modelling, and system dynamics. applicants and 52 students starting contributing team member, was on the course in October 2013. published in the first semester of the Economic Modelling of Natural academic year 2013/2014. Resources The course aims to give its students Maike Hohberg the essential knowledge they need Modelling Natural Capital in the Many of the current economic models to understand, analyse and manage Macroeconomy under business as usual assumptions environment-resources-economy Adam Roer do not adequately represent the interactions through a range of Having joined UCL ISR in September feedback mechanisms from the use modules taught by staff from UCL 2014 my work is primarily concerned of natural capital on economic growth ISR, UCL-Energy and other faculty with the symbiotic relationship and neglect the economic value of across UCL. between ecosystems and the ecosystems. human economy, thus falling into the The MSc received positive feedback discipline of Ecological Economics. To overcome these drawbacks in from the first round of students, a current economic modelling practice, small number of which have gone on One contemporary method of my proposed research project is to start PhDs with the UCL-Energy modelling this relationship is by structured into three parts. A first Institute. attempting to measure the value step will be to critically assess how In 2014, the course continues to of so called ‘Natural Capital’ to the existing models represent natural deliver with 80 students starting in economy. I will carry out reviews resources and their linkages to October 2014. 15 ACTIVITIES AND OUTREACH

UCL ISR continued to expand its events and engagement programme in 2013-14, producing a range of public events, focused workshops and student orientated activities throughout the year. Below are selected highlights from the programme.

THE EUROPEAN UNION RAW MATERIALS INITIATIVE: RESPONDING TO KEY LEGAL AND POLICY ISSUES In November 2013, UCL ISR coordinated a special workshop to discuss developments at the ISR image (c) UCL European level on the European Commission’s Raw Materials • How to manage relationships BUSINESS AND THE RESOURCE Initiative. with the East, particularly NEXUS: OPPORTUNITIES, regarding the environmental CHALLENGES AND POLICY The workshop had a particular pressures caused by resource- OPTIONS focus on the key legal and policy intensive mining shifts to the East In 2013, UCL ISR was pleased to issues, with reflections on the • How can Europe turn its win funding from the UCL School of implementation challenges and advantage in environmental the Built Environment, Engineering gaps within the policy, and the aim technologies and policies into and Mathematical and Physical of providing a valuable contribution new policy approaches? Sciences (BEAMS) and the UCL to the design of improved responses • How can Europe rethink the Public Engagement Unit to convene and of innovative research. role of European development a workshop bringing together cooperation in resource-intensive its PhD research students and The event, facilitated by a small developing countries? representatives of the business grant award from the UCL European • How can the EU develop a community. Institute, was hugely successful and common regulatory framework welcomed a range of delegates from addressing policy and legal The workshop’s purpose was to academia, industry, government and challenges of reducing explore corporate strategies and civil society including participants dependency on raw materials? policies to address the ways that from across Europe. resource nexus issues impact These and the many other questions business, and to discuss how public Discussions during the workshop raised will be used to inform future policy could support these strategies generated a number of follow on research projects in this area at UCL and create a level playing field questions, including: ISR. between those companies that are 16 taking these issues seriously, and those that are not yet doing so.

Held in June, we welcomed 15 OUR GLOBAL PRESENCE industry partners including HSBC, PwC, EBRD, Jaguar Land Rover and Thames Water, to the workshop which led to two main outcomes. Firtsly it provided an understanding of the resource nexus and related policy issues from the business perspective, that can aid the future academic work of the department, and secondly we identified opportunities for further collaboration.

CAREERS IN ENERGY AND RESOURCES Each year the UCL ISR Careers Event brings together undergraduate and graduate students at UCL with an interest in natural resources and sustainability, and a variety of UCL ISR has a truely global presence, reaching out to almost 100 different resource-related companies on an countries around the world. open forum to discuss career types, paths and current opportunities. As part of London’s Global University Meanwhile our events and it is important to UCL ISR that our communications continue to give us In 2014 this event built on its research and engagement have as a global presence. successful start in 2013, expanding wide a reach as possible. in both size and scope. Visitors to our website come from Our research staff and students have 97 different countries, and we have formed numerous collaborations We welcomed the UCL Energy over 1,300 unique Twitter followers and partnerships with individuals Institute as a partner at the event, (77% growth on 2013) and 1,358 and organisations around the adding an energy dimension, subscribers to our newsletter and world and our research portfolio as well as new participating event announcements (58% growth). companies including Ricardo-AEA, already includes a number of critical Buro Happold, Carbon Disclosure international projects. Project and the European Bank for Our events have also grown in Reconstruction and Development. Through our research we already scale and continue to attract sell have established partnerships across out audiences from a range of In addition we were able to expand Europe, the Americas and Asia, and backgrounds. UCL ISR intends to the size of the event, allowing more we continue to form new alliances continue to build on this success in than 120 UCL students to participate. further afield. 2014-15. 17 Resources:Framed 2014

In 2013-14 we received an impressive response to our second Resources:Framed Photography Competition, which focused on the theme ‘Cultures of Farming’. We received a wide variety of images from staff and students across UCL, a shortlist of which were displayed at UCL in June 2014.

Top: Peoples choice winner Melvin Wan, UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences; Clockwise from right shortlisted images by Carrie Behar, UCL Energy Institute; Vidit Taneja, UCL Information Services Division; Prayash Giria, Bartlett Development Planning Unit, UCL; Sophie Herbert, UCL Medical School; 18 SUSTAINABLE RESOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES SYMPOSIUM 2014 UCL ISR’s largest event in 2013- compleixty of the field and the variety SUPPORTING UCL RESEARCH 14 was the annual BHP Billiton of sustainability challenges faced in UCL ISR and the UCL Grand Sustainable Communities/UCL Grand expanding urban environments. Challenge for Sustainable Cities Challenges Symposium, which awarded five £5,000 catalyst grants welcomed some 200 delegates to Key themes to emerge from as part of the 2013 BHP Billiton a two-day conference on the theme the conference were the roles Sustainable Communities/UCL Grand of ‘Sustainable Resources for of technology, innovation and Challenges Symposium. Sustainable Cities’. governance in addressing these challenges. These grants were awarded to The conference, developed in innovative short-term research partnership with the UCL Grand A primary objectives of the activities that addressed issues Challenge on Sustainable Cities, symposium series is to facilitate concerning resource use in the looked to address the challenges collaborative and cross-disciplinary urban environment and encouraged around provision of resources research and it is hoped that inter-disciplinarity and collaborative for growing urban populations, discussions during the conference working. The winners of the 2013 with regard to the physical built will have helped establish new Catalyst Grants were: environment, infrastructure, transport research connections, as well as and water. It aimed to address the identify new themes to be taken ‘Algal Bio-fuels for Sustainable question of how cities can continue forward by the Grand Challenge for Transport’ investigated the use of to meet their present needs without Sustainable Cities. micro-algae as a source of bio-fuels compromising the future of the city, by exploring the use of algal biomass the region or the planet. to partially displace fossil fuels In addition to the conference itself, through engine-testing of emulsions funding for the symposium series Our keynote speaker Professor of fossil diesel and wet algal slurry supported a range of satellite Herbert Giradet from the World and experimentally assessing research and engagement activities. Future Council presented a several bio-fuels that may potentially glimpse of his upcoming new book be produced through genetic 'Creating Regenerative Cities' These included the award of five modification of photosynthetic micro- and presentations covered many £5,000 research catalyst grants, organisms. fascinating topics including medical one further award of a £15,000 reasons for urban biodiversity, new research project grant and an open The positive results generated during tools for water planning, intelligent film competition for students, won this project warrant continuation of new materials and examples of by Mike Fell, UCL Energy Institute the research, and grant applications research from across UCL and wider for ‘Secret Signal’ (Judges Prize) are currently in preparation to the afield. and Maria Ossul Vermehren, UCL Leverhulme Trust and Royal Society Development Planning Unit for for further support. The bredth of the resesrch presented ‘Squator Settlement’ (Peoples Choice Project lead: Dr Paul Hellier, UCL at the conference indicates the Prize). Mechanical Engineering 19 image (c) iStockPhoto

‘Population Change and Energy numbers and consumption scenarios ‘Developing a new mechanism Consumption in Urban Transition’ paint a picture of opportunity as well for delivery of urban biodiversity aimed to explore the net effect as threat. It matters greatly for our networks’ sought the development of population and consumption resource future what the population of a biodiversity monitoring technique on dwindling natural resources, structure entails, but also what the that can be used to measure highlighting the difference (if any) consumption trends are. changes in biodiversity by both between the consumption patterns in ecologists and non-ecologists making an urban vs. rural setting. The catalyst grant contributed the measurement of biodiversity significantly to enabling the data accessible to all and formed the pilot Findings from the project underline acquisition and model development study of a 4-year EPSRC-funded the need for a close look at necessary at the early stages of the Engineering Doctorate research the population pressures on project. The project results have project based at UCL’s Centre for environmental resources, and that been published in one academic Urban Sustainability & Resilience. identifying population as a main article so far, and presented to driver, together with fertility and various academic and policy The field of urban biodiversity consumption may propagate our audiences, as well as forming the monitoring is one of rapid and understanding of sustainability basis for a successful further funding exciting innovation and the results futures. proposal. of the project add to the debate on Project lead: Dr Emma Terama, how to monitor the conservation Projections in terms of population UCL ISR and use of biodiversity in the urban 20 environment. The work of the The primary objective of the final Sustainable Building Products pilot project forms the foundation practical-based project, ‘Reducing Research Grant of an improved understanding of Resource Use in the Household’ Our £15,000 research grant was techniques of urban biodiversity was to develop a specification for a awarded to Oliver Wilton, The Bartlett monitoring. computer-based tool which would School of Architecture to fund an be used in interactive household 18-month long research project into The long-term intended output of interviews to examine current use the applicability of inorganic Phase the research, the development of of resources, including the tracking Change Material (PCM) thermal techniques to make the quantification of actual consumption patterns; stores in sustainable building design of biodiversity accessible to a and to explore how these patterns in Europe and evaluate enviromental wide audience, will facilitate the might be modified – both marginally benefits and drawbacks. consideration of biodiversity in and radically – to reduced overall debates regarding the sustainable resource consumption. PCM thermal stores in buildings have use of natural resources in the urban the potential to provide significant environment. The project has resulted in the energy savings by delivering highly Project lead: Dr Helena Titheridge, development of such a tool: CATHAT controllable passive seasonal cooling UCL Centre for Urban Sustainability (Consumption and Travel Household and heating. & Resilience Activity Tool) which is set to be further tested with a future study in The development of controllable ‘Common Road to 2015’ aimed to the London Borough of Haringey, passive cooling/heating is particularly identify key policy options to produce pending funding from the Economic timely given developments in the an energy network which meets and Social Research Council construction industry including the the multi-dimensional requirements (ESRC). tightening of statutory requirements, (economic, societal, environmental, Project lead: Peter Jones, Centre for increasing use of timber frame legal and security of supply) by 2050, Transport Studies, CEGE buildings, and adaption of building through the development of two practices to address climate scenarios and a workshop held at change, changing weather patterns UCL in the summer of 2013. and increasing summertime temperatures. The work was successful in produce a range of options (scenarios) for the The principle results of this research development of a low-carbon energy will be the development and of system in UK, considering the role of a broader understanding of the different energy resources in order to potential role of non-organic PCM reduce system costs and emissions thermal stores in sustainable and further increase the proportion of architecture in Europe, including renewable energy. potential benefits and disbenefits, and also the development, This information has been widely prototyping, testing and evaluation of disseminated through the use of a new PCM thermal store media and multimedia outlets and a product/system. journal paper is in preparation. Project lead: Dr Catalina Spataru, The project is due for competion by

UCL Energy Institute image (c) iStockPhoto the end of 2014. 21 2013-14 EVENT LISTINGS

19 September; Seminar 20 February; Seminar Professor Mark Swilling, University of Stellenbosch Rupert Howes, Chief Executive Officer, Marine Global Crisis, Sustainability and a Just Transition Stewardship Council Our Fisheries, Our Future 25 September; Seminar Prof Clive Hamilton, Charles Sturt University 13 March Earthmasters: Playing God with the climate Careers in Sustainable Resources & Energy 2014

24 October; Seminar 20 March; Seminar Prof Georgina Mace, Centre for Biodiversity and Ray Cunningham, freelance writer, editor, translator and Environment Research (CBER), UCL consultant Biodiversity conservation in a resource hungry world Reclaiming ‘SUSTAINABILITY’ 05 November; Symposium Sustainable Resources for Sustainable Cities Symposium 01 April; ISR Lecture Series Dr Christof Rühl, Group Chief Economist & Vice 08 November; Workshop President of BP plc The European Union Raw Materials Initiative BP Energy Outlook 2035

21 November; Seminar 22 May; Seminar Dr Nigel Jollands, Principal Policy Manager, Energy Prof Pete Smith, Univeristy of Aberdeen Efficiency & Climate Change, European Bank for Addressing the joint challenges of climate change and Reconstruction and Development food security Resource efficiency, finance and the Rolling Stones 06 June; Seminar 26 November; Seminar Ester van der Voet, Associate Professor, Leiden Kathryn Davidson, Senior Ecological Economist, University University of Adelaide Impacts of Resource Use The Urban Revolution that Isn’t: The Political Ecology of the New ‘Urbanolog’ 16 June; ISR Lecture Series Dr Janez Potočnik, Commissioner for Environment, 02 December; ISR Lecture Series European Commission Yvo De Boer, Special Global Advisor, Climate Change & New Environmentalism and the Circular Economy Sustainability, KPMG Can the international climate policy impasse be broken? 19 June; Seminar 23 January; Seminar Ben Davies, Manager - Materials Stewardship, Luke Sussams, Researcher, Carbon tracker International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) Unburnable carbon: Coaxing the capital markets towards Mining’s contribution to sustainable development through a low carbon future the value chain of minerals & metals 22 INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS image (c) iStockPhoto

Working with partners in the BHP Billiton Sustainable In the past year UCL ISR has worked commercial world is important to Communities is a charity established with: us; by engaging with commercial by BHP Billiton as part of its partners, the institute is more likely community investment programme. It BHP Billiton Sustainable to create a real-world impact with its has a target to commit 1% of pre- Communities research. tax profit to community programmes British Geological Survey in markets where it has a business Carbon Disclosure Project We continue to build on UCL’s interest. Chatham House substantial track record of EBRD collaborative research worldwide, In 2011 BHP Billiton Sustainable HSBC with an international network Communities provided UCL ISR with KPMG comprising Australia, China, Japan, US$5 million over a five year period Jaguar Land Rover and Taiwan, among other countries. to support research, fellowships Ofgem and scholarships, as well as the GLOBE International In addition we are developing our appointment of a Chair in Sustainable Rio Tinto relationships with the business Global Resources. Tata Steel community. Thames Water The use of this funding is at the Unilever BHP Billiton Sustainable discretion of UCL ISR and is not PriceWaterhouse Cooper Communities is the founding influenced by or a reflection of BHP SSE contributor to the UCL ISR. Billiton’s business practice. Evershed 23 WORKING ACROSS UCL

UCL ISR also works closely with • UCL-Energy population now living in urban colleagues across UCL faculties and • Bartlett School of Graduate areas, the number of cities of more departments from Anthropology to Studies than one million inhabitants is set Engineering and as far as the UCL • Development Planning Unit to continue to grow. This will place School of Energy and Resources in • Centre for Biodiversity and continuing pressure on both land use Adelaide, Australia, part of our remit Environment Research and resources. as a cross-disciplinary institute. • Centre for CO2 Technology • Department of Civil, Resources and Global Health Through these relationship, and a Environmental and Geomatic Access to resources has a profound network of contacts in Asia, North impact on global health. Loss of and South America, Africa and Engineering • Department of Earth Sciences biodiversity and pollution from Europe, UCL ISR already forms part resource extraction can have • Department of Economics of an international institutional and a negative impact on human • Department of Geography research community committed to health while access to resources, developing innovative responses • Department of Mechanical in particular clean water, could to the complex economic, legal, Engineering substantially reduce disease, environmental, technological and • Department of Political Science malnutrition and poverty-related cultural issues facing humanity’s use • Environment Institute mortality. of resources. • European Institute • Faculty of Laws Resources and Intercultural • Institute for Risk and Disaster Academic Engagement Interaction Reduction Resources from water and food to To facilitate these relationships • Institute for Security and energy and building materials are we have created an Academic Resilience Studies critical to social development and Engagement Group comprising • Institute of Archaeology economic growth. The development colleagues from across UCL which • School of Energy and Resources of a ‘green economy’ aims to meets three times a year to discuss (Australia) simultaneously address resource and opportunities for collaboration. economic stress as well as social cohesion. Such collaborations take the form The UCL Grand Challenges of joint research projects, co- UCL ISR also has a direct Resources and Human Wellbeing supervision of PhD students and a relationship with the UCL Grand An estimated 925 million people range of events from topical half-day Challenges, primarily through our currently live in poverty. More workshops to a series of smaller Symposium activities, but also more equitable and sustainable seminars. generally. This relationship aims to management of resources including address issues of global concern. food and water could profoundly Our collaborations across UCL reduce current levels of poverty as include the following institutes and Resources and Sustainable Cities well as support the additional two departments: With more than 50% of the global billion people expected by 2050. 24 APPOINTMENTS

Congratulations to the following new At UCL ISR Michael’s work will focus Julia’s PhD, undertaken at UCL- appointments at UCL ISR. on three main areas: dimensions of Energy, investigated of how global UK energy, and particularly electricity processes and local contexts have Professor Michael Grubb policy in the aftermath of UK Energy influenced the development of Professor of International Energy Market Reform, including investment biofuels in Guatemala. Her research and Climate Change Policy and macroeconomic dimensions; drew on insights from political Michael Grubb joined UCL ISR as consumption-based perspectives ecological research, which has Professor of International Energy and and policies for carbon mitigation; demonstrated that phenomena such Climate Change Policy in July 2014. and aspects of international climate as biofuels cannot be understood in negotiations, most particularly in isolation from the political economic In addition to his role at UCL ISR context of his role on the Scientific contexts within which they are Michael is editor-in-chief of the Panel for the French COP embedded. journal Climate Policy, and Senior Presidency scientific conference on Advisor on Sustainable Energy Policy “Our Common Climate”. Charlotte Johnson to the UK Energy Regulator Ofgem. Public Engagement Fellow His former (and continuing) positions Dr Emma Terama In November 2013, Charlotte was include Senior Research Associate at Research Associate awarded a Public Engagement Cambridge University (Departments Emma works on a Kone Foundation Fellowship by the UCL Public of Economics and Land Economy); grant studying sustainable Engagement Unit, to study the Chair of the international research consumption in the urban transition. role assigned to ‘the public’ in organization Climate Strategies; She uses mathematical models for energy policy research. During this Chief Economist at the Carbon Trust; population projections, multivariate Fellowship Charlotte is developing Professor of Climate Change and regression and socio-economic collaborative research projects with Energy Policy at Imperial College scenarios to combine population local authorities and not-for-profit London; and head of Energy and trends with resources, environmental groups related to their sustainability Environment at Chatham House. impact and climate adaptation. priorities.

Michael has also served on the Her background in applied natural Charlotte’s research focuses on UK Climate Change Committee, and computational sciences allows infrastructure, energy, financialisation established under the UK Climate for an understanding of modelled and the material culture of the Change Bill to advise the government and real life structures, causal home. She draws on theories from on future carbon budgets and dependencies (or the lack of) and anthropology, economic geography to report to Parliament on their quantitative analytics. and STS. implementation. Dr Julia Tomei As part of her Public Engagement In 2013 he was the Specialist Advisor Research Associate Fellowship, Charlotte will be to a House of Lords European Julia’s broad research interests focus developing research projects in Committee enquiry. ‘No Country is an on the social and environmental collaboration with public sector and Energy Island: securing investment dimensions of energy and resources community groups that support low for the EU’s Future’ (2013). in the global South. carbon urban energy use. 25 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS 2013 Bleischwitz, R; Fischer Susanne,; Bringezu Stefan,; (2013) Ressourcen und nachhaltige Entwicklung. LIT-Verl: Berlin. Agnolucci, P; Mcdowall, W; (2013) Designing future hydrogen infrastructure: Insights from analysis at different spatial scales. Bleischwitz, R; Johnson, CM; Dozler, MG; (2013) Re-Assessing International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (13) 5181 - 5191. resource dependency and criticality. Linking future food and water 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.042. stress with global resource supply vulnerabilities for foresight analysis. European Journal for Futures Research, 2 (1) , Article 34. Agnolucci, P; McDowall, W; Akgul, O; Papageorgiou, LG; (2013) 10.1007/s40309-013-0034-1. The importance of economies of scale, transport costs and demand patterns in optimising hydrogen fuelling infrastructure: An exploration Bleischwitz, R; O’Brien Meghan,; Steger Sören,; Fischer Susanne,; with SHIPMod (Spatial hydrogen infrastructure planning model). Miedzinski Michal,; Campregher Christoph,; ... Karjalainen Anne,; International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (26) pp. 11189-11201. + view all (2013) Europe in transition : paving the way to a green 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.06.071. economy through eco-innovation ; annual report 2012. Eco- Innovation Observatory: Brussels. Anandarajah, G; McDowall, W; Ekins, P; (2013) Decarbonising road transport with hydrogen and electricity: Long term global technology Bleischwitz, R; Wilts, H; (2013) An international metal covenant: a learning scenarios. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (8) step twoards global sustainable resource management. In: Angrick,, 3419 - 3432. 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.12.110. M and Burger,, A and Lehmann, H, (eds.) Factor X: Re-source – Designing the recycling society. (87-98). Springer: Heidelberg. Bleischwitz, R; (2013) It’s a Material World: Managing Metals and Critical Materials against All Odds. [Digital scholarly resource]. http:// Browne, J., Dresner, S. Ekins, P., Hamilton, I, Preston, I. and www.aicgs.org/publication/its-a-material-world-managing-metals- White, V.2013 ‘Designing Carbon Taxation to Protect Low-Income and-critical-materials-against-all-odds/ Households’, March, Joseph Rowntree Foundation, York, http:// www.jrf.org.uk/publications/carbon-tax Bleischwitz, R; (2013) The Resource Hope. [Digital scholarly resource]. http://www.project-syndicate.org/ Drummond, P; Ekins, P; (2013) Carbon Price Floor for Electricity Generation. [Digital scholarly resource]. Bleischwitz, R; (2013) Transparency in the Extractive Sector. [Digital scholarly resource]. http://www.sef-bonn.org/en/publications/global- Drummond, PT; (2013) CECILIA2050: Review of the Existing governance-spotlight/global-governance-spotlight-52013.html Instrument Mix at EU Level and in Selected Member States - United Kingdom. Bleischwitz, R; (2013) Transparenz im Rohstoffbereich : Grundlage für nachhaltige Entwicklung. (Global governance spotlight). Stiftung Ekins, P. ‘Post-Durban Prospects for Low-Carbon Green Growth’, Entwicklung und Frieden: Bonn. Ch. 4 in Chung, S-Y. Ed. 2013 Post-2020 Climate Change Regime Formation, Routledge, London/New York, pp.68-91 Bleischwitz, R; (2013) Kurskorrekturen für eine faire Rohstoffwirtschaft. In: Stottrop, U, (ed.) Kohle. Global. Eine Reise in Ekins, P 2013 ‘Some socio-economic thoughts’, in Ch. 6 of die Reviere der anderen. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Ruhr Museum. : O’Riordan, T. Ed. Tipping Points, Oxford University Press, Oxford, Ruhr Museum Essen. pp.188-193

Bleischwitz, R; Bahn-Walkowiak Bettina,; Wilts Claas Henning,; Ekins, P; 2013; Environmental Tax Reform: Experience in Europe (2013) How to identify a successful policy mix for a resource-efficient and Implications for East Asia. In: Mori, A and Ekins, P and Lee, SC Europe. In: (Proceedings) 10th biennal conference of the European and Speck, S and Ueta, K, (eds.) The Green Fiscal Mechanism and Society for Ecological Economics. (pp. ? - ?). Europ. Soc. for Reform for Low Carbon Development. Routledge, pp.105-122 Ecological Economics: Wien. Ekins, P. and Shaw, B. 2013 ‘Green Fiscal Commissions in Europe’, Bleischwitz, R; Fischer Susanne,; Bringezu Stefan,; (2013) in Mori, A., Speck, S., Lee, S. and Ueta, K. Eds. 2013 The Green Ressourcen und nachhaltige Entwicklung. In: Einführung in die Fiscal Mechanism and Reform for Low Carbon Development, Entwicklungspolitik. (113 - 125). LIT-Verl.: Berlin. Routledge, London/New York, pp.152-186 26 Ekins, P.; 2013; ‘Is Economic Growth Compatible with Environmental McGlade, C; Anandarajah, G; (2013) What is the role of natural Sustainability?’, Chapter 1 in Bell, C., Chaplin, J. and White, R. Eds. gas as a bridging fuel to a low-carbon global energy system? In: 2013 Living Lightly. Living Faithfully: Religious faiths and the future of (Proceedings) ETSAP semi-annual workshop. sustainability, Faraday Institute for Science and Religion, Cambridge, pp.33-48 McGlade, C; Speirs, J; Sorrell, S; (2013) Methods of estimating shale gas resources - Comparison, evaluation and implications. Energy, 59 Ekins, P. 2013 ‘Weighing the true price of nuclear power’, ENDS 116 - 125. 10.1016/j.energy.2013.05.031. Report 457, March, pp.34-35, http://www.endsreport.com/37645/ comment-by-paul-ekins-weighing-the-true-price-of-new-nuclear- McGlade, C; Speirs, J; Sorrell, S; (2013) Unconventional gas - A power review of regional and global resource estimates. ENERGY, 55 571 - 584. 10.1016/j.energy.2013.01.048. Ekins, P., Keppo, I., Skea, J., Strachan, N., Usher, W. and Anandarajah, G. 2013 ‘The UK Energy System in 2050: Comparing Mori, A., Ekins, P. and Speck, S. 2013 ‘Introduction’, in Mori, Low-Carbon Resilient Scenarios’, UKERC Research Report UKERC A., Speck, S., Lee, S. and Ueta, K. Eds. 2013 The Green Fiscal RR/ESY/2013/001, February, UKERC, London Mechanism and Reform for Low Carbon Development, Routledge, London/New York, pp.1-19 Ekins, P. ‘Innovation and R&D – Essential for a Low-Carbon Future’, Energy World, June, p.7 Preston, I; White, V; Browne, J; Dresner, S; Ekins, P; Hamilton, IG; (2013) Designing carbon taxation to protect low-income households. Ekins, P. 2013 ‘Mad dash to frack Britain puts carbon targets in Joseph Rowntree Foundation danger’, The Conversation, , August, http://theconversation.com/ mad-dash-to-frack-britain-puts-carbon-targets-in-danger-17025 Rentschler, J. E. (2013). Oil Price Volatility, Economic Growth and the Hedging Role of Renewable Energy. World Bank Policy Research Knight, Z., Robins, N., Chan, W-S. with Ekins, P. 2013 HSBC 2013 Working Papers (Vol. 6603). Washington DC. Natural Capital: Identifying Implications for Economies, November, Rentschler, J. E. (2013). Why Resilience Matters The Poverty Impacts HSBC, London of Disasters. World Bank Policy Research Working Papers (Vol. 6699).

Ekins, P.; Evidence to Environmental Audit Committee Inquiry (July Upham, P; Dendler, L; Tomei, J; (2013) Policy and regulatory 10 2013) Energy Subsidies, Vol.I, 9th Report of Session 2013-2014, controversy: the case of UK and EC biofuel policy. In: Roberts, T HC61-I, December, pp.Ev 29-31, The Stationery Office, London and Upham, P and Mclachlan, C and Mander, S and Thomas, R and Gough, C and Boucher, P and Ghanem, DA, (eds.) Low-Carbon Ekins, P.; ‘Labour’s ten-point energy plan goes too far - or not far Energy Controversies. Routledge enough’, The Conversation, December, http://theconversation.com/ labours-ten-point-energy-plan-goes-too-far-or-not-far-enough-20997 Upham, P; Taylor, PG; Christopherson, D; McDowall, WAS; (2013) The role of the scientific model in policy imagery: MARKAL as boundary Ekins, P.; ‘Missed chance to seal draughts and make heat affordable object. In: (Proceedings) Tools in the Policy Formulation Process. to all’, The Conversation, December, https://theconversation.com/ missed-chance-to-seal-draughts-and-make-heat-affordable-to- The World Bank. (2013). World Development Report 2014 - Risk and all-21243 Opportunity: Managing Risk for Development. Washington DC: The World Bank. Hodbod, J; Tomei, J; (2013) Demystifying the Social Impacts of Biofuels at Local Levels: Where is the Evidence? Geography Compass, 7 (7) 478 - 488. 10.1111/gec3.12051. PUBLICATIONS 2014 Avner, P., Rentschler, J., & Hallegatte, S. (2014). Carbon Price McDowall, W., Ekins, P., Radosevic, S. and Zhang, L-Y. 2013 Efficiency Lock-in and Path Dependence in Urban Forms and ‘Development of the Wind Innovation System in Three Jurisdictions: Transport Infrastructure. World Bank Policy Research Working Papers, An Activity Analysis’, Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 6941. Vol. 25, No. 2, pp.163–185, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2012 .759204 Carter, T.R.; Fronzek, S; Inkinen, A; Lahtinen, I; Lahtinen, M; Mela, H; O’Brien, K.L.; Rosentrater, L.D.; Ruuhela, R; Simonsson, L; Terama, T; McDowall, WAS; (2013) The development of wind energy in the (2014) Characterising vulnerability of the elderly to climate change in UK: critical reflections on UK policy from an innovation system the Nordic region. Regional Environmental Change, 10.1007/s10113- perspective. In: (Proceedings) 12th World Wind Energy Conference. 014-0688-7 27 Ekins, P; Baddeley, M; Medda, F; Nesheim, L; Radosevic, S; (2014) Hallegatte, S., & Rentschler, J. (2014). Risk Management for Greening the recovery: the report of the UCL Green Economy Development-Assessing Obstacles and Prioritizing Action. Risk Commission. OVPR/UCL Public Policy: University College London. Analysis.

Ekins, P., Meyer, B., Schmidt-Bleek, F. and Schneider, F. 2014 Johnson, C; Austwick, MZ; (2014) PICKS: Exploring Post- ‘Reducing Resource Consumption: a proposal for Resource and disciplinary knowledge in a university’s urban sustainability research Environmental Policy’ in Angrick, M., Burger, A. and Lehmann, H. Eds. landscape. Sustainability (United States) , 7 (3) 160 - 169. 10.1089/ 2014 Factor X: Policy, Strategies and Instruments for a Sustainable SUS.2014.9789. Resource Use, Springer, pp.249-273 McDowall, W; (2014) Exploring possible transition pathways for Ekins, P. 2014 ‘Less talk, more walk required to green the economy’, hydrogen energy: A hybrid approach using socio-technical scenarios The Conversation, February, and energy system modelling. Futures, 63 1 - 14. 10.1016/j. http://theconversation.com/less-talk-more-walk-required-to-green- futures.2014.07.004. the-economy-23556 McGlade, C., Bradshaw, M., Anandarajah, G., Watson, J. and Ekins, P. Ekins, P., McDowall, W. and Zenghelis, D.2014 ‘Greening the 2014 ‘A bridge to a low carbon future? Modelling the long-term global Recovery’, the Report of the UCL Green Fiscal Commission, potential of natural gas’, Final report to UKERC, mimeo, London University College London, UCL, http://www.ucl.ac.uk/public-policy/ Policy_Commissions/GEPC McGlade, C; Ekins, P; (2014) Un-burnable oil: an examination of oil resource utilisation in a decarbonised energy system. Energy Policy, Ekins, P. and Speck, S. 2014 ‘The Fiscal Implications of Climate 64 102 - 112. 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.09.042. Change and Policy Responses’, Special Issue of Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Vol.19, pp.355–374, DOI McGlade, CE; (2014) Comment on the ‘Uppsala critique’. Energy 10.1007/s11027-013-9533-4 Policy, 67 pp. 154-158. 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.036.

Ekins, P. 2014 ‘Replacing the Internal Combustion Engine: Why McGlade, CE; (2014) Uncertainties in the outlook for oil and gas. the Future Is Electric’, Huffington Post, March 23, http://www. Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London). huffingtonpost.co.uk/intelligence-squared/replacing-the-internal- combustion-engine-why-the-future-is-electric_b_5018669.html Tomei, J; (2014) “I always wore my machete when travelling on the bus”: reflections on danger in the field. In: Fieldwork in the Global South: Ethical Challenges and Dilemmas. : Taylor & Francis. Ekins, P. 2014 ‘Executive Summary’ and ‘Conclusions’ in Dodds, P. and Hawkes, A. Eds 2014 ‘The Role of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Tomei, J; Diaz-Chavez, RDC; (2014) Guatemala. In: Solomon, B and Providing Affordable, Secure Low-Carbon Heat’, a White Paper from Bailie, R, (eds.) Sustainable Development of Biofuels in Latin America H2FC SUPERGEN, London, pp.v-xxvi, 126-132 and the Caribbean. Springer: New York. Ekins, P. and Watson, J. 2014 (Eds.) UK Energy in a Global Context: Ucci, M; Domenech, T; Ball, A; Whitley, T; Wright, C; Mason, D; ... Synthesis Report, UKERC/RR/FG/2014/001, April, UK Energy Westaway, A; (2014) Behaviour change potential for energy saving Research Centre, London, http://www.ukerc.ac.uk/support/ in non-domestic buildings: Development and pilot-testing of a UK+Energy+in+a+Global+Context+Ext benchmarking tool. BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY, 35 (1) 36 - 52. 10.1177/0143624412466559. Ekins, P. 2014 ‘The key to increasing resource efficiency’, Europe’s World, Summer issue, June, http://europesworld.org/2014g-their-loss- of-value/#.U6AZcfldWxV, pp.56-58

Ekins, P. 2014 (forthcoming) ‘Strong Sustainability and Critical Natural Capital’, in Atkinson, G., Dietz, S., Neumayer, E. and Agarwala, M. 2014 (forthcoming) Handbook of Sustainable Development, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham

Ekins, P., Bradshaw, M. and Watson, J. 2014 (forthcoming) Global Energy: Issues, Potentials and Policy Implications, Oxford University Press, OUP

28 THE UCL ISR TEAM image (c) UCL Management and Students Research Staff Administration Abdulaziz Ahmad Al-Shalabi Paolo Agnolucci Prof Paul Ekins Jabraan Ahmed Chiara Armeni Director Seyed Mehdi Mohaghegh Teresa Domenech Professor of Resources and Xing Chen Paul Drummond Environmental Policy Lindsay Duncan Michael Grubb Simon Damkjaer Charlotte Johnson Prof Raimund Bleischwitz Thuy Duong Khuu Will McDowall Deputy Director Stijn van Ewijk Christophe McGlade BHP Billiton Chair in Sustainable Florian Flachenecker Michelle O’Keeffe Global Resources Louise Guibrunet Matthew Winning Maike Hohberg Emma Terama Katherine Welch Nino Jordan Julia Tomei Institute Manager Marie Longnecker Melissa Lott Kiran Dhillon Victor Nechifor Administrator Ruya Perincek Niranjana Ramesh Darshini Ravindranath Jun Rentschler Adam Roer Bernard Tembo 29 30

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