DOCSLIB.ORG

Looking to the Future of Carbon Markets REPORT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Looking to the Future of Carbon Markets REPORT REPORT GREENHOUSE THE GAS MARKET th 2013 EDITION looking to the future of carbon markets LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CARBON MARKETS EDITOR 2013 GREENHOUSE GAS MARKET IETA expresses its gratitude to all Anthony Mansell EDITORIAL COMMITTEE authors who have contributed to Laura Dzelzyte this publication, to the editorial COPY EDITORS Arne Eik, Statoil committee, and all others who have Meegan Kelly Jonathan Grant, PwC worked on the publication. Amanda Mardinay Bob Page, University of Calgary Marisa Meizlish, BP IETA would also like to thank our DESIGN Melanie Shanker, Linklaters sponsors, AitherCO2, Althelia Hitman Creative Media Inc. Anne-Marie Warris, Ecoreflect Ecosphere, and the Industrial www.hitmanmedia.com Adam Whitmore, Rio Tinto Technology Research Institute (ITRI). HEADQUARTERS WASHINGTON LONDON 24, rue Merle d’Aubigné 20 F St NW Suite 700 Bravington House, CH-1207, Geneve Washington DC 20001 2 Bravington Walk, Regent Quarter, Switzerland United States Kings Cross, London N1 9AF +41 22 737 05 00 +1 202 507 6276 United Kingdom +44 7967 428 247 BRUSSELS TORONTO Rue de la Loi 235 100 King Street West, Suite 5700 IETA also has representation 1040 Bruxelles Toronto, Ontario M5X 1C7 in Melbourne, San Francisco, Belgium Canada Seoul and Tokyo. +32 2 230 11 60 +1 416 913 0135 About the International Emissions Trading Association (IETA): IETA has been the leading voice of the business community on the subject of carbon markets since 2000. IETA’s 140 member companies include some of the world’s leading corpora- tions, including global leaders in oil, electricity, cement, aluminum, chemical, paper, and other industrial sectors; as well as leading firms in the data verification and certification, brokering and trading, legal, finance, and consulting industries. 2 THE th EDITION IETA GREENHOUSE GAS MARKET 2013 REPORT Pg. About Our Sponsors 06 Opening Statement – Dirk Forrister, President and CEO, IETA Pg. 07 Pg. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Basis – Gian-Kasper Plattner, Simon Allen, Pauline Midgley and 11 Thomas Stocker, University of Bern, Switzerland (IPCC Working Group I) The State of Carbon Pricing Across The World Pg. – Adam Whitmore, Rio Tinto 14 IETA GREENHOUSE GAS MARKET 2013 3 LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CARBON MARKETS THE MARKETS pg. Existing Policies Around the World 79 The Cost of Carbon Pricing: Competitiveness Implications for the Mining and Metals Industry pg.18 EU ETS: The Cornerstone of Future EU Energy and Climate Policy? John Drexhage, International Council on Mining and Metals (ICMM) Sarah Deblock, IETA and Ingo Ramming, Commerzbank pg.83 Case Study: California’s Response to the Lessons Learned pg. 22 EU ETS Pricing and Trading Trends: Improving Outlook from the EU ETS Trevor Sikorski, Energy Aspects Melanie Shanker and Chris Staples, Linklaters pg.25 Smooth Sailing for California Cap-and-Trade Emilie Mazzacurati, FourTwoSeven THE BRIDGES pg.28 Australia Carbon Policy Update Aligning Markets Within a Fragmented Architecture Martijn Wilder, Baker and McKenzie pg.87 Carbon Pricing, the FVA and the NMM: Charting a Course to a pg.32 Can the Obama Administration meet its Copenhagen Goals? New UNFCCC Agreement Tom Lawler, IETA and Bruce Braine, American Electric Power (AEP) David Hone, Royal Dutch Shell PLC pg.36 The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative: Building on Success pg.90 The Linking Rainbow: Evaluating Different Approaches Colin O’Mara, Secretary of the Delaware Department of Natural Resources to Joining Carbon Markets and Environmental Control Anthony Mansell, IETA and Clayton Munnings, Resources for the Future (RFF) pg. 39 Canada’s Tradable GHG Intensity Standard for Oil and Gas: pg.93 Japan’s Joint Crediting Mechanism: A Bottom-Up CDM? The implications of leading proposals Takashi Hongo, Mitsui Global Strategic Studies Institute Dave Sawyer, EnviroEconomics, and Dale Beugin, IISD pg.96 Lessons from the PMR’s First Years and Looking Forward THE FUTURE World Bank PMR Secretariat Carbon Markets On The Rise pg.99 The B-PMR: One Year On pg.43 The Road to 2020: What Will We Get? Mark Proegler (BP) and Karl Upston-Hooper (Greenstream) Pedro Martins Barata, Get2C pg.101 Leveraging the Potential of the Voluntary Carbon Market as a pg. 45 China’s Carbon Market: Where Next? Credible Tool for Mitigating Climate Change Wu Qian, British Embassy, Beijing Sophy Greenhalgh, IETA and International Carbon Reduction Offset Alliance (ICROA) pg.49 An Overview of Emissions Trading in Korea pg.104 When Trade and Carbon Collide: WTO and Climate Policy Realities Dalwon Kim, European Commission DG Climate Action Elisabeth DeMarco, Norton Rose Fulbright pg.52 Kazakhstan’s developing ETS - an Example of Emerging Carbon Pricing Schemes in the East Friso De Jong, Janina Ketterer, and Jan Willem Van de Ven, European Bank THE TOOLS for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Financing Low Carbon Development pg.56 Market and Non-Market Approaches: A Hybrid Approach in Taiwan pg.109 Financing the Transformation: Hui-Chen Chien, PhD, Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration, The Importance of the Private Sector Wen-Chen Hu, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Robert Shih, Paul Bodnar, United States Department of State YC Consultants, Ltd. pg.113 Adding to the REDD Finance Toolbox pg.59 South Africa’s Carbon Offset Market Development and Prospects Charlie Parker, Climate Focus Patrick Curran and Alex McNamara, Camco Global pg. pg.62 Toward a cap on the carbon emissions of international 116 NAMAs: Aligning Development Imperatives with Private Sector Interests civil aviation: One Step Forward in 2013 Frédéric Gagnon-Lebrun and Jorge Barrigh, Écoressources Annie Petsonk, Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) pg.119 The Green Climate Fund: Paradigm Shift or THE DESIGN Incremental Improvement? Examining What Makes Climate Policy Tick Gwen Andrews, Alstom pg.67 Prospects for the World’s Offsetting Market - pg.122 Analysing the Potential for a CDM Capacity Fund Can the Patient be Cured? Joan MacNaughton, IETA Fellow and Vice Chair, UN High level Panel on the Guy Turner, Bloomberg New Energy Finance Policy Dialogue on the CDM pg.70 Fragmented Markets with Fragmented MRV Practices: pg. Does it Matter? 125 Towards Supranational Climate Tax or Levy: Madlen King, Lloyd’s Register Quality Assurance (LRQA) The Case of the Adaptation Fund Laura Dzeltzyte pg.73 What’s Covered? Trends in Coverage of Different Sectors and Gases pg.128 Private Sector Finance for Adaptation Edwin Aalders, Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Gray Taylor, Bennett Jones LLP 4 Emissions Trading & Consultancy AitherCO2 is a provider of financial services to the Spot and futures transactions world’s environmental and energy markets offering Consultancy consultancy and trading solutions supporting companies subject to compliance as well as in the voluntary sector. Training courses on-site Hedging strategies Apart from the provision of market access both on the regulated exchanges as well as through our vast Offsetting counterparty network we support clients with www.aitherco2.com Voluntary market administration, deadlines, registries, regulation changes and balance sheet optimization of allocated units. Energy Efficiency Milan +39 0236586600 www.aitherco2.com London +44 (0) 2070603626 Barcelona +34 (0) 933306000 info@ aitherco2.com Dakar +221 338203745 AitherCO2 and the ACO2 logo are registered trademarks of AitherCO2 SpA in Italy and other countries. All rights reserved. LOOKING TO THE FUTURE OF CARBON MARKETS IETA GREENHOUSE GAS MARKET 2013 SPONSORS AitherCO2 is a provider of financial services, consultancy and trading solutions to world environmental and energy markets both in the compliance and voluntary sector. We provide market access to industrial and aviation clients both on regulated exchanges as well as OTC (Over The Counter) through our vast counterparty network. We support companies subject to regulatory obligations as well as those operating voluntarily in www.aitherco2.com the environmental markets to deal with administration, deadlines, registries, regulatory @AitherCO2 changes and balance sheet optimization of allocated units. With several years of expe- rience in emissions trading and with one of the most technically up to date and globally connected environmental trading desks in the world, AitherCO2 guarantees fast and reliable services to customers and clients worldwide. Thanks to belief and client trust in AitherCO2, AitherCO2 has grown rapidly, offering a professional and reliable source of knowledge and point of reference for companies subject to the EU ETS regulation. In order to develop CDM projects in Africa we established a dedicated company AC&C (Africa Carbon and Commodities) which offers its expertise both to local entities as well as foreign companies willing to invest in the continent. All our projects take into in consideration the social impact and environmental, creating work opportunities and improving living conditions of the local population. Althelia Ecosphere is an asset management platform dedicated to pioneering new and profitable solutions to address challenges arising from climate change and the depletion and degradation of forests and other natural ecosystems. It manages the Althelia Climate Fund and Althelia Sustainable Landscapes Fund, vehicles set up as www.altheliaecosphere.com public private partnerships to deliver innovation and finance at scale, catalysing the transition towards sustainable land use and conservation of natural ecosystems in Africa, Latin America and Southeast Asia. Our portfolio demonstrates that competitive financial
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Carbon Trust NI
    Reducing our carbon footprint An initial action plan for Northern Ireland 02 Reducing our carbon footprint Preface In June 2000, the Royal Commission on The Carbon Trust is a part of the UK Government’s Environmental Pollution (RCEP) published its strategy for developing and implementing this review of energy prospects for the 21st century national framework. The Carbon Trust helps and their environmental implications. This called business and the public sector cut carbon for concerted action to halt the rise in the emissions, and supports the development of low atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide carbon technologies. (CO2) and other greenhouse gases, which are beginning to induce substantial climate change on In Northern Ireland, it is working with the Northern a global scale. Ireland Government Departments to adapt this national framework into a programme of practical The RCEP concluded that the only workable way actions that can be implemented at local level. of limiting CO2 emissions (or ‘carbon emissions’) was to allocate national quotas that would As part of this process, the Carbon Trust and Invest converge to a standard allocation per person over NI sponsored a project to develop an action plan 50 to 100 years. that would realise deep reductions in Northern Ireland’s carbon emissions by 2050. For the UK, an international agreement along these lines implies a 60% reduction in carbon The objectives of the project were to: emissions from 1997 by 2050, and 80% by 2100. • Explore how the RCEP recommendation of a 60% In its
    [Show full text]
  • The Performance of the Department of Energy & Climate Change 2012-13
    DEPARTMENTAL OVERVIEW The performance of the Department of Energy & Climate Change 2012-13 NOVEMBER 2013 Our vision is to help the nation spend wisely. Our public audit perspective helps Parliament hold government to account and improve public services. The National Audit Office scrutinises public spending for Parliament and is independent of government. The Comptroller and Auditor General (C&AG), Amyas Morse, is an Officer of the House of Commons and leads the NAO, which employs some 860 staff. The C&AG certifies the accounts of all government departments and many other public sector bodies. He has statutory authority to examine and report to Parliament on whether departments and the bodies they fund have used their resources efficiently, effectively, and with economy. Our studies evaluate the value for money of public spending, nationally and locally. Our recommendations and reports on good practice help government improve public services, and our work led to audited savings of almost £1.2 billion in 2012. Contents Introduction Aim and scope of this briefing 4 Part One About the Department 5 Part Two Recent NAO work on the Department 24 Appendix One The Department’s sponsored bodies at 1 April 2013 29 Appendix Two Results of the Civil Service People Survey 2012 30 Appendix Three Publications by the NAO on the Department since April 2011 32 Appendix Four Cross-government reports of relevance to the Department since April 2011 34 Links to external websites were valid at the time of publication of this report. The National Audit Office is not responsible for the future validity of the links.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear News
    No.12 November 2009 nuClear news NuClear News No.12 November 2009 1. Nuclear National Policy Statement Late 2. Infrastructure Planning Commission (IPC) 3. Feed-in disaster 4. Risks of something serious happening are far too high. 5. Offshore Wind – Round Three 6. Radioactive Waste problem solved? – as if! 7. Low Level Waste Dump Proliferation 8. Carbon floor price 9. Reactor design problems 10. Reactor costs 11. Pay-as-you-save Clear news 1. Nuclear National Policy Statement Late At a Labour Party Conference fringe event, Martin O’Neil, chairman of the Nuclear Industry Association, criticised the Government for the time it has taken to publish its Nuclear National Policy Statement (NPS). “There should have been a national policy statement on nuclear and energy by the end of July so the proper consultative process could take place before the events of April and May,” he said referring to the impending election. It now appears to be accepted in Whitehall that the Nuclear NPS will not be ‘designated’ before the General Election. (1) Climate change minister David Kidney told a CBI conference in October the Nuclear NPS will be published in early November. The NPS, which will be released for consultation, will list potential sites for new reactors. It is designed to give utilities an indication of the legislative framework they will have to comply with in planning new reactors. (2) Meanwhile, a third potential nuclear operator has entered the market, taking total proposals for new reactors up to 16GW. A consortium of GDF Suez, Iberdrola and Scottish and Southern Energy has secured an option to purchase land at Sellafield.
    [Show full text]
  • UK Low Carbon Transition Plan National Strategy for Climate and Energy Five Point Plan
    The UK Low Carbon Transition Plan National strategy for climate and energy Five point plan The UK Government has a five point plan to tackle climate change. 1. Protecting the public from 4. Building a low carbon UK immediate risk To play our part in reducing global Climate change is already happening in emissions, Britain needs to become a the UK - the ten hottest years on record low carbon country. The 2008 Climate have all been since 1990. The Government Change Act made Britain the first country has more than doubled spending on in the world to set legally binding ‘carbon flood protection since 1997, developed a budgets’, aiming to cut UK emissions by heat wave plan in the NHS and is helping 34% by 2020 and at least 80% by 2050 communities affected by coastal erosion. through investment in energy efficiency and clean energy technologies such as 2. Preparing for the future renewables, nuclear and carbon capture Whatever is done to reduce emissions and storage. in the future, past emissions mean that This White Paper sets out the UK’s some climate change is already inevitable. transition plan for building a low carbon The UK Climate Projections will be used UK: cutting emissions, maintaining secure to help plan for a future with a changing energy supplies, maximising economic climate. Factoring climate risk into opportunities and protecting the most decision making means, for example, vulnerable. changing the way we build our houses and infrastructure, managing water better 5. Supporting individuals, and adjusting farming practices. communities and businesses 3. Limiting the severity to play their part of future climate change Everyone has a role to play in tackling climate change, from reducing their own through a new international emissions to planning for adaptation.
    [Show full text]
  • Response to the Energy and Climate Change Committee Inquiry On
    Energy and Climate Change Committee Consumption‐Based Emissions Reporting Ref Organisation Page CON 01 Defra, DECC and BIS 3 CON 02 Food Ethics Council 14 CON 03 Professor C.N. Hewitt 18 CON 04 Small World Consulting Ltd 19 CON 05 West Sussex Environment and Climate Change Board 23 CON 06 Lake District National Park Authority 25 CON 07 The Packaging Federation 30 CON 08 Tata Steel 33 CON 09 Dr Rupert Read 38 CON 10 West Sussex Environment and Climate Change Board 40 CON 11 Mineral Products Association 44 CON 12 E.H.Booth & Co Ltd 50 CON 13 Green House Think Tank 53 CON 14 British Ceramics Confederation 60 University of Surrey, Centre for Environmental CON 15 63 Strategy CON 16 Stirling Management school 70 CON 17 WWF‐UK 76 CON 18 EEF/UK Steel 83 CON 19 The Carbon Trust 88 CON 20 UK Energy Research Centre 92 CON 21 Centre for Alternative Technology (CAT) 110 CON 22 Manchester City Council 115 CON 23 Best Foot Forward 117 CON 24 Construction Products Association 133 CON 25 Public Interest Research Centre (PIRC) 135 Ref Organisation Page CON 26 EDF Energy 145 CON 27 Grantham Research Institute 150 Tyndall Manchester, Sustainable Consumption CON 28 157 Institute and Stockholm Environment Institute CON 29 InterfaceFLOR 178 CON 30 Aldersgate Group 180 Memorandum submitted by Defra, DECC and BIS (CON 01) Summary • The UK’s consumption emissions rose by nearly 20% between 1990 and 2008, in contrast to the downward trend in our territorial emissions. • 55% of the total emissions associated with goods and services purchased by UK households in 2004 occurred overseas.
    [Show full text]
  • CDP Climate Change Questionnaire 2019 C0. Introduction
    Centrica response: CDP Climate Change 2019 Centrica response: CDP Climate Change Questionnaire 2019 C0. Introduction C0.1 (C0.1) Give a general description and introduction to your organization. About us - Centrica is an international energy and services company focused on satisfying the changing needs of our customers. We supply energy and services to over 25m customer accounts mainly in the UK, Ireland and North America, through strong brands such as British Gas, Direct Energy and Bord Gáis Energy, supported by around 15,000 engineers and technicians. Our areas of focus for growth are Energy Supply, Services, Connected Home, Distributed Energy & Power and Energy Marketing & Trading. Following our strategic review in 2015 and the transformation of our business to focus on our customers, we have divested or decommissioned the majority of our power generation assets, placed our Exploration & Production assets into a joint venture and ceased gas storage at our Rough storage facility. As a result, we will continue to focus our CDP response and be scored under the Electric Utilities module. Our impact on climate change - Our direct carbon emissions under scope 1 include those from sources we own or control such as power generation, gas production and storage as well as emissions arising from our property, fleet and travel. Indirect carbon emissions under scope 2 arise from electricity purchased and consumed across our offices and assets. Scope 3 emissions are those we do not produce but are the result of products and services we provide, such as electricity and gas sold to customers from wholesale markets alongside products and services purchased to run our business.
    [Show full text]
  • Low Carbon Construction Innovation and Growth Team Final Report
    Low Carbon Construction Innovation & Growth Team Final Report Autumn 2010 Low Carbon Construction IGT: Final Report 01 Foreword “I have yet to see any problem, however complicated, which, when looked at properly, did not become still more complicated.” Poul Anderson, New Scientist The question that underlies the terms of reference given to the team that produced this report is a simple one: “Is the construction industry fit for purpose for the transition to a low carbon economy?” Inevitably, the answer is not so simple. Even defining “the construction industry” is a challenge, given the extraordinary range in its activities (from the earliest conceptual thinking of world class designers through to the smallest item of maintenance or repair, long after the initial construction is complete); in the nature of its workload (from a nuclear power station to fitting a single socket outlet); and in the nature and scale of its businesses (from the global players through to almost a million individual tradesmen working alone). It is therefore unsurprising that the degree of awareness, engagement and readiness to deliver products and services that will enable the transition to a low carbon world is equally varied. It is, however, no exaggeration to say that all of these businesses, with all of their differences of skill, experience and capacity, will need to be deeply engaged if we are to meet the commitment of the Climate Change Act to reduce our emissions by 80% by 2050, as so much of that transition depends upon the services of the construction industry in all its breadth and depth.
    [Show full text]
  • Gesimobile Carbon Impact
    GeSI Mobile Carbon Impact How mobile communications technology is enabling carbon emissions reduction Table of Contents Acknowledgements 3 Key findings 5 Foreword from GeSI 7 Foreword from the Carbon Trust 8 Executive summary 9 Background 13 About the research 15 Findings from research 19 Connected Agriculture 22 Connected Buildings 26 Connected Cities 31 Connected Energy 35 Connected Health 39 Connected Industry 43 Connected Living 47 Connected Transportation 55 Connected Working 63 Physical-to-Digital 68 Conclusion and discussion 74 Appendix 1: Methodology for assessing carbon abatement 77 Overview of methodology 77 Scope 77 M2M connections data 81 Sources and references 82 Review process 82 Considerations and limitations to methodology 83 Applying the methodology at a company level 87 Appendix 2: Table of carbon abatement factors 88 Appendix 3: Data sources and assumptions 91 Appendix 4: References for data sources and assumptions 116 Appendix 5: Findings from consumer research 123 Appendix 6: Rebound effects 137 Glossary 138 Mobile Carbon Impact 3 Acknowledgements Lead authors: Andie Stephens, Marta Iglesias, Jamie Plotnek The Carbon Trust team: Martin Barrow, Jamie Clark, Andrea Dahlén, Daisy Goaman, Hugh Jones, Ainslie Macleod, Ana Muñoz, Simon Pickstone, Susan Poupard, Dheeya Rizmie, David Sanders, Aleyn Smith-Gillespie, Paul Swift, Veronika Thieme, Joseph Thornton The Carbon Trust would like to thank the many individuals and organisations that have contributed to the development of this report by sharing their expert knowledge
    [Show full text]
  • SSE Annual Report 2009
    Scottish and Southern Energy plc Annual Report 2009 Producing energy in a more sustainable way with new developments like the Glendoe hydro electric scheme. Helping make electricity and gas more affordable by offering a ‘better plan’ and installing insulation. Ensuring electricity supply is reliable through investing in networks in England and Scotland. Providing more capacity for the UK to maintain dependable supplies of gas through development at Aldbrough. SSE’s core purpose is to provide the energy people need in a reliable and sustainable way. Our Values Safety, service, efficiency, sustainability, excellence, teamwork – the SSE SET. Our Strategy To deliver sustained real growth in the dividend payable to shareholders through the efficient operation of, and investment in, a balanced range of regulated and non-regulated energy-related businesses. Our Team More than 18,500 people, working from power stations, depots, customer service centres, offices and shops. * Unless otherwise stated, this Annual Report describes adjusted operating profit before exceptional items, the impact of IAS 32 and IAS 39 and after the removal of taxation and interest on profits from jointly-controlled entities and associates. In addition, it describes adjusted profit before tax before exceptional items, the impact of IAS 32 and IAS 39 and after the removal of taxation on profits from jointly-controlled entities and associates. It also describes adjusted earnings and earnings per share before exceptional items, the impact of IAS 32 and IAS 39 and deferred
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Supply
    4 Energy Supply Coordinating Lead Authors: Ralph E.H. Sims (New Zealand), Robert N. Schock (USA) Lead Authors: Anthony Adegbululgbe (Nigeria), Jørgen Fenhann (Denmark), Inga Konstantinaviciute (Lithuania), William Moomaw (USA), Hassan B. Nimir (Sudan), Bernhard Schlamadinger (Austria), Julio Torres-Martínez (Cuba), Clive Turner (South Africa), Yohji Uchiyama (Japan), Seppo J.V. Vuori (Finland), Njeri Wamukonya (Kenya), Xiliang Zhang (China) Contributing Authors: Arne Asmussen (Germany), Stephen Gehl (USA), Michael Golay (USA), Eric Martinot (USA) Review Editors: Hans Larsen (Denmark), José Roberto Moreira (Brazil) This chapter should be cited as: R.E.H. Sims, R.N. Schock, A. Adegbululgbe, J. Fenhann, I. Konstantinaviciute, W. Moomaw, H.B. Nimir, B. Schlamadinger, J. Torres-Martínez, C. Turner, Y. Uchiyama, S.J.V. Vuori, N. Wamukonya, X. Zhang, 2007: Energy supply. In Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [B. Metz, O.R. Davidson, P.R. Bosch, R. Dave, L.A. Meyer (eds)], Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Energy Supply Chapter 4 Table of Contents Executive Summary .................................................. 253 4.4 Mitigation costs and potentials of energy supply ................................................................. 289 4.1 Introduction ...................................................... 256 4.4.1. Carbon dioxide emissions from energy supply 4.1.1 Summary of Third Assessment Report (TAR) .... 258 by 2030 ........................................................... 289 4.2 Status of the sector .......................................... 258 4.4.2 Cost analyses .................................................. 290 4.4.3 Evaluation of costs and potentials for low-carbon, 4.2.1 Global development trends in the energy sector energy-supply technologies ............................. 293 (production and consumption) ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Measure What Matters the Search for Farming’S Triple Bottom Line
    Measure What Matters The search for farming’s triple bottom line Written by Chris Anstey, Independent Consultant to the food industry. This paper has been commissioned by Pulse Canada, a confederation of pulse industry associations that represents the growers and exporters of Canadian peas, beans, lentils and chickpeas. November 2010 Contents Introduction 3 The position statements 6 2.1 The brand manufacturers 6 2.2 The retailers 8 2.3 Food service 9 2.4 The consumer 9 2.5 Governments 10 2.6 Farmers 12 2.7 Scientists 14 2.8 Non Government Organisations 15 Problems 16 3.1 Life Cycle Analysis 16 3.2 Carbon measurement of products 18 3.3 Social 19 3.4 Water 20 3.5 Biodiversity 21 Harmonisation 22 4.1 IISD, INFASA and BellagioSTAMP 24 4.2 Global Reporting Initiative 24 4.3 International Standards Organisation 25 4.4 World Resources Institute 25 4.5 European Food Sustainable Consumption and Production Roundtable 25 4.6 The Sustainability Consortium 26 4.7 The Water Footprint Network 27 4.8 International Dairy Federation 27 4.9 The Consumer Goods Forum 27 Solutions 31 5.1 Collaboration 31 5.2 Communication 32 Frequently Asked Questions 33 Endnotes and further reading 34 Acknowledgements 35 Quotations from the interviews 36 Schemes 63 Organisations 97 2 Measure What Matters The Search for farming’s triple bottom line Introduction A farmer grows crops and rears livestock then sells into a market. If there’s a profit, it’s usually less than elsewhere in the chain. It’s a straightforward though risky business in which success has been measured through a blend of skill and luck.
    [Show full text]
  • Unlocking Investment to Deliver Britain's Low Carbon Future
    Unlocking investment to deliver Britain’s low carbon future Report by the Green Investment Bank Commission Unlocking investment to deliver Britain’s low carbon future Report by the Green Investment Bank Commission ii • Unlocking investment to deliver Britain’s low carbon future Foreword by the Commission Chairman Climate change is clearly the major challenge for our times. references to a Green Investment Bank (GIB) and low carbon I was therefore delighted to be invited by the Chancellor of economy. The Queen’s Speech also referred to the intention to the Exchequer and the Minister of State for Climate Change establish a GIB. I hope this report and the thinking that has gone late in 2009 to set up and chair the Green Investment Bank into it will provide a blueprint for the rapid establishment of a Commission. There can surely be no more rewarding way to Green Investment Bank which will comprehensively address the reinvest 25 years’ experience in investment banking and busi- market failures and barriers to investment we have identified. ness than working out how to ensure the UK can finance its We have sought to answer all the key questions a new Gov- climate change obligations over the next four decades. ernment could sensibly ask about what the Green Investment I am very fortunate to have been supported by both a world Bank should and should not do, how it should be governed class commission of business leaders and policy experts and also and how it could be set up. I very much hope the Government by an energetic and deeply knowledgeable advisory panel.
    [Show full text]