Timeline / 400 to 700 / JORDAN

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Timeline / 400 to 700 / JORDAN Date Country | Description 528 A.D. Jordan The Byzantine Emperor Justinianus (later Justinian) grants the ally of the Byzantines, al-Haritha ibn Jibla, the Arab-Christian ruler of the Ghassan tribe who settled in Syria and Jordan, the title ‘Baselues’ (king). 542 A.D. Jordan Sanctification of Bishop Theodorus as a bishop of Jordan and Palestine by the Empress Theodora according to the request of al-Haritha al-Ghassani. 570 A.D. Jordan The birth at Mecca on 2 July of Prophet Muhammad, the messenger of God who introduced Islam to the whole world. 613 A.D. Jordan The Sassanian invasion of Syria (Bilad al-Sham) begins under the leadership of Shahrbaraz, causing the destruction of many cities. 622 A.D. Jordan On 4 September Prophet Muhammad emigrates with the Muslims to the town of Medina. This event known as Hijra and marks the beginning of the Hijri calendar. 629 A.D. Jordan On 4 September the Battle of Mu’ta begins between the Muslims and the Byzantines at the site of Mu’ta in southern Jordan. The cause of the battle is the killing of messenger of Prophet Muhammad by the Ghassanids. 630 A.D. Jordan In October a peace treaty is made between Prophet Muhammad and the Bishop of Ayla, John bin Ru’ba in exchange for the payment of 300 dinars a year as poll tax for protection. 635 A.D. Jordan In January the inhabitants of Pella sign a covenant with the new Muslim rulers after the battle of Fihl (Pella) agreeing to pay poll and land taxes; the transition from Byzantine to Islamic rule at Pella was peaceful and uninterrupted. 636 A.D. Jordan On 20 August the Muslim armies overrun the Transjordan highlands. They go on to win a decisive battle against the Byzantines on the banks of the Yarmouk River, which opens the way to the conquest of Syria. Date Country | Description 639 A.D. Jordan During the conquest of Jordan, a plague called ‘Emwas’ starts in Palestine and spreads all over Jordan. Among the 25,000 people who die are the companions of the Prophet who ruled the Jordan valley. 658 A.D. Jordan In February mediation between ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and Mu’awiya is held at Udhruh in southern Jordan after the battle of Siffin to decide who will be the caliph of Muslims. Mu’awiya wins by trickery. 661 A.D. Jordan The Umayyad Dynasty starts its caliphate in Syria and Jordan under Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, who makes Damascus his capital..

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Asing the Path for the Upcoming Muslim Conquerers
Timeline / 600 to 900 / ALL COUNTRIES Date Country | Description 582 - 602 A.D. Tunisia Reorganisation of the Byzantine Empire and institution of the Exarchate of Carthage, consolidating the pre-eminence of the military. 602 A.D. Syria Byzantine Emperor Maurice breaks the peace treaty with the Persians and invades Syria. War continues with both sides growing weak and weary, inadvertently easing the path for the upcoming Muslim conquerers. 610 A.D. Portugal Birth of Saint Fructuosus of Braga. 613 A.D. Jordan The Sassanian invasion of Syria (Bilad al-Sham) begins under the leadership of Shahrbaraz, causing the destruction of many cities. 614 A.D. Palestine* The Sassanian (Persian) army conquers Palestine during a campaign of occupation of Great Syria and Egypt. The conquest is very destructive, tens of churches are destroyed, and monasteries are sacked and burned. 614 A.D. Croatia Croats settle in the area between the Adriatic Sea and the Sava and Drava rivers. 619 A.D. Egypt Egypt, Jerusalem and Damascus come under the rule of the Persian Emperor Xerxes II. 622 A.D. Jordan On 4 September Prophet Muhammad emigrates with the Muslims to the town of Medina. This event known as Hijra and marks the beginning of the Hijri calendar. 627 A.D. Egypt Prophet Muhammad sends a letter to Cyrus, the Byzantine Patriarch of Alexandria and ruler of Egypt, inviting him to accept Islam. Cyrus sends gifts to the Prophet in answer, together with two sisters from Upper Egypt. The Prophet married one of them, called Maria the Copt. She bore him his only son, who died in boyhood.
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