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Catalogue of Neotropical Curtonotidae (Diptera, Ephydroidea)

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Catalogue of Neotropical Curtonotidae (Diptera, Ephydroidea) Catalogue of Neotropical Curtonotidae (Diptera, Ephydroidea) Ramon Luciano Mello¹ & Alessandre Pereira-Colavite² ¹ Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Instituto de Biociências (INBIO), Laboratório de Sistemática de Diptera (LSD). Campo Grande, MS, Brasil. ORCID: 0000-0002-1914-5766. E-mail: [email protected] ² Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza (CCEN), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia (DSE). João Pessoa, PB, Brasil. ORCID: 0000-0002-7660-8384. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The Neotropical species of Curtonotidae are updated and catalogued. A total of 33 species names are listed, including two fossil taxa and one nomem dubium. Valid and invalid names and synonyms are presented, totaling 45 names. Bibliographic references are given to all listed species, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type species and type locality. Lectotype and paralectotypes are designated to Curtonotum punctithorax (Fischer, 1933). Curtonotum simplex Schiner, 1868 stat. rev. is recognized as a valid name. Key-Words. Acalyptratae; Curtonotum; Hunchbacked flies; Lectotype; Paralectotype; Schizophora; Type material. INTRODUCTION ventral rays; (4) wing pigmentation varying from hyaline to lightly fumose or boldly patterned; Curtonotidae, also called hunchbacked flies (5) subcostal vein complete, with cell cup present or quasimodo flies, is a small family of dipter- and cells dm and bm confluent; (6) costal vein ous Acalyptratae with worldwide distribution. with humeral and subcostal breaks; and (7) with Although the family might be found in all biogeo- several spinelike bristles between apices of R₁ and graphic regions, they occur mainly in the tropical R₂ ₃ veins (Marshall et al., 2010). and subtropical areas, from sea level to high alti- The biology is scarcely known for curtonotids. tudes (+ 2,000 m) (Kirk-Spriggs, 2010a). Four liv- The₊ Afrotropical Curtonotum saheliense Tsacas, ing genera are known: Axinota Wulp (12 spp.) oc- 1977 and the Palaearctic C. simile Tsacas, 1977 curring in Afrotropical, Oriental and Australasian/ are saprophagous on damaged grasshopper Oceanic regions; Curtonotum Macquart (76 spp.) and locust egg pods rather than being truly par- occurring in every zoogeographic region except asitic (Greathead, 1958; Kirk-Spriggs, 2008). The the Australasian/Oceanic region; Cyrtona s.l. Séguy Nearctic Curtonotum helvum (Loew, 1862) occurs (4 spp.) and Tigrisomyia Kirk-Spriggs (4 spp.), both in sand dunes and the larvae probably develop known only to Afrotropical region so far (Kirk- on the same substrate as it’s congenial of the Old Spriggs, 2010a, 2010b, 2011; Klymko & Marshall, World (Meier et al., 1997; Marshall et al., 2010; 2011; Kirk-Spriggs & Wiegmann, 2013). Fossil spe- Marshall, 2012). Adult Neotropical species occurs cies are known from the Miocene Dominican amber on dung baits and in association with tree falls to Curtonotum (1 sp.) and Depressonotum Grimaldi (Marshall et al., 2010; Klymko & Marshall, 2011), & Kirk-Spriggs (1 sp.) (Grimaldi & Kirk-Spriggs, 2012). but oviposition has not been observed and larval The entire fauna of the New World region in- habits remain unknown. cludes only species in Curtonotum, currently ac- The present catalogue covers all the names re- cepted as a probably paraphyletic group in a sen- lated to the Neotropical fauna of Curtonotidae. We su lato form. Nevertheless, all Neotropical species list here a total of 45 names, including 33 valid spe- form a monophyletic clade, being commonly re- cies (including two fossils and one nomem dubi- ferred to as Curtonotum sensu stricto and charac- um) and two taxonomically valid genera. A total of terized by elongate spermathecal ducts (Klymko 44 references are given. According with the Article & Marshall, 2011). The Neotropical species can 74.1, of the 4th edition of the International Code of be distinguished by the following characteristics: Zoological Nomenclature (ICNZ, 1999), the lecto- (1) small to medium-sized (length 4-12 mm) and type and paralectotypes of Curtonotum punctitho- distinctively hunchbacked flies; (2) coloring usu- rax (Fischer, 1933) are here designated in order to ally grayish to yellow, often with spots, stripes, or fix the identity of the name (Fig. 1). Curtonotum speckles on thorax and pigment patterns on ab- simplex Schiner, 1868 (Fig. 2), stat. rev. is removed domen; (3) arista plumose, with long dorsal and from incertae sedis and placed as a valid name. Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2018; v.58: e20185848 ISSN On-Line: 1807-0205 http://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.48 ISSN Printed: 0031-1049 ISNI: 0000-0004-0384-1825 www.revistas.usp.br/paz www.scielo.br/paz http://zoobank.org/7F608D53-57F2-45EC-A577-026FCFA50156 Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2018; v.58: e20185848 Mello, R.L. & Pereira-Colavite, A.: Catalogue of Curtonotidae 2/7 Washington D.C., USA; ZMUC: Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. The following abbreviations and symbols are used in the catalogue: cat. = catalogue; ch. = checklist; comb. = combination; desc. = description; design. = designation; distr. = distribution; lect. = lectotype; missp. = misspell- ing; mon. = by monotypy; n. = new; nam. = name; occ. = occurrence; phyl. = phylogenetic; pl. = plate; reds. = re- description; Ref(s). = reference(s); rels. = relationships; syn. = synonym; sync. = synonymic; tax. = taxonomic; † = fossil taxon. RESULTS Curtonotidae Duda, 1934 Curtonotidae Duda, 1934: 1. Type-genus Curtonotum Macquart, 1843. Cyrtonotinae Enderlein, 1914: 326 (Nomen nudum). Curtonotum Macquart, 1843 Curtonotum Macquart, 1843: 350. Type-species, Musca gibba Fabricius, 1805 (mon.) Junior primary hom- onym of Musca gibba Müller, 1776 and Musca gibba Figure 1. Curtonotum punctithorax (Fischer, 1933), lectotype male herein Rossi, 1794; Curtonotum taeniatum Hendel, 1913: 629 designated. (A) Habitus, lateral view; (B) Labels. Images provided by the accepted as the replacement name by Thompson & Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo. Pont (1993). Cyrtonotum Agassiz, 1846: 108 (Unjustified emendation of Curtonotum). MATERIAL AND METHODS Diplocentra Loew, 1862: 13 (Unjustified new name to Curtonotum). The information presented in this catalogue is focused Seliacantha Bezzi, 1895: 66 (Nomen nudum). in species level, since Curtonotidae and Curtonotum Selidacantha Bezzi, 1895: 66 (Nomen nudum: emendation occur in other biogeographic regions. Species are pre- of Seliacantha Bezzi, 1895 nomen nudum). sented, in alphabetical order of specific name, with the Parapsinota Duda, 1924: 177. (Syn.) Delfinado (1969). following data: name, author, year of publication, page adusticrus Klymko & Marshall, 2011: 48. Type-locality: number, type locality, distribution, references, and sex BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia. Distr.: Brazil. Refs.: of the primary type, including its depository institution. Klymko & Marshall, 2011: 11-15 (phyl. rels.), 26 (key). Taxonomically valid names are listed in bold, and syn- Holotype male (USNM). onyms and other invalid spellings are listed in italics, be- apicale Hendel, 1913: 621. Type-locality: PERU, Junín, low the reference to the corresponding name. Chanchamayo. Distr.: Ecuador, Peru. Refs.: Hendel, Acronyms used in the catalogue are: AMNH: American 1913: 619 (key); Sturtevant, 1921: 114 (ch.), 123 (cat.); Museum of Natural History, New York, USA; CBFC: Museo Fischer, 1933: 88 (ch.); Wirth, 1975: 1 (cat.); Klymko & Nacional de Historia Natural, La Paz, Bolivia; DEBU: Marshall, 2011: 11-15 (phyl. rels.), 26 (key), 52 (reds.), University of Guelph Insect Collection, Guelph, Canada; 54 (lect. design.). Lectotype male (SMTD). HNHM: Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, atlanticum Klymko & Marshall, 2011: 93. Type-locality: Hungary; IBSP: Instituto Biológico de São Paulo, São BRAZIL, São Paulo, Campos do Jordão. Distr.: Brazil. Paulo, Brazil; MSNM: Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Refs.: Klymko & Marshall, 2011: 11-15 (phyl. rels.), 26 Milan, Italy; MZUSP: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade (key). Holotype male (MZUSP). de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; NHM: The Natural bathmedum Hendel, 1913: 628. Type-locality: PERU, History Museum, London, United Kingdom; NHMW: Huanúco, Mouth of Pachieta River. Distr.: Bolivia, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria; QCAZ: Peru. Refs.: Hendel, 1913: 619 (key); Sturtevant, Departamento de Biologia, Pontífica Universidad Católica 1921: 114 (ch.), 123 (cat.); Malloch, 1930: 325 (n. occ.); del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador; SMNS: Staatliches Museum Fischer, 1933: 88 (ch.); Hennig, 1958: 528, 671 (phyl.); für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; SMTD: Wirth, 1975: 1 (cat.); Klymko & Marshall, 2011: 11-15 Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, Dresden, (phyl. rels.), 17 (key), 43 (reds.) 44 (lect. design.). Germany; USNM: National Museum of Natural History, Lectotype male (SMTD). Mello, R.L. & Pereira-Colavite, A.: Catalogue of Curtonotidae Pap. Avulsos Zool., 2018; v.58: e20185848 3/7 bathymedum Malloch, 1930: 325 (missp. of bathmedum). 1921: 114 (ch.), 123 (cat.); Wirth, 1975: 2 (cat.); Klymko bivittatum Klymko & Marshall, 2011: 39. Type-locality: & Marshall, 2011: 50 (tax. notes). Syntypes male and ECUADOR, Napo, Jatun Sacha Res., 6 km E Misahualli. female (MSNM). Distr.: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador. Refs.: Klymko desperatum Klymko & Marshall, 2011: 91. Type-locality: & Marshall, 2011: 11-15 (phyl. rels.), 26 (key); Mello, BRAZIL. Distr.: Brazil. Refs.: Klymko & Marshall, 2016: 717 (cat.). Holotype male (QCAZ).
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