converted Jews comes to believe truly in Christ as the messiah, through study and supernatural Teaching of Jacob Newly intervention, and instructs his Baptized fellow ex-Jews in a secret house. When another unbaptized Jew Translation by Andrew S. Jacobs named Justus arrives (in Book III), Jacob convinces him as well that Jews are right to receive baptism and await the impending end of Introduction the world. The Teaching of Jacob Newly Jewish-Christian dialogues saw an Baptized (Doctrina Jacobi Nuper upsurge in the seventh century as Baptizati) is a Greek dialogue text did apocalyptic texts. Unique set in 7th-century Carthage among Christian anti-Jewish (specifically, the action takes place dialogue texts, the Teaching of Jacob in spring and summer of the year anticipates and hopes for the 634). The Jews of Carthage, imminent collapse of the Roman including an unfortunate visiting Empire as a precondition for the merchant named Jacob, have been return of Christ in glory. forcibly baptized upon the orders Nonetheless it does seem to have of the Emperor Heraclius. (The been considered as part of the Doctrina is one of only two Christian literary genre of contemporary sources for this anti-Jewish dialogue, insofar as imperial order; the other is aaa letterletterletter surviving codices place it with fromfromfromfrom Maximos MaximosMaximosMaximos the thethethe Confessor ConfessorConfessorConfessor, also other late dialogues: in one major resident in Carthage at the time, witness, ParisParisParis CoislinCoislinCoislin 299299299, the arguing against the forced Teaching of Jacob is followed baptisms.) Jacob alone of the

1 of 210 2 of 210 immediately by the fifth-century Déroche's. Section titles appearing DialogueDialogueDialogue ofofof TimothyTimothyTimothy andandand AquilaAquilaAquila. in the margins are my own and are provided for convenience. I Although the bulk of the Teaching have also added markers to of Jacob comprises long strings of indicate breaks and meetings often uncontextualized (if not at among the participants; note that times seemingly random) proof- the series of dialogues lasts several texts, it also contains realistic weeks. windows into the social world of the seventh-century Roman I would like to thank my Empire: imperial politics; the Advanced Greek students at public brawling of circus factions Harvard Divinity School who read ("Blues" and "Greens"); the social through portions of this text with conflicts of Jews and Christians; me as I was revising this the devastation of the Persian translation: Chance Bonar, David wars of the 610s-620s; and the rise Malamud, and Yuan Tao. of Islam, including a reference to a "false prophet" in Book V who is You may link to, share, or indubitably Muhammad (perhaps reproduce this translation with the earliest non-Islamic reference attribution. You may not make to Muhammad). any commercial use of this work. Any suggestions for corrections or The text below has been translated additions to the text or from the Greek text edited by annotations are more than Vincent Déroche, "Doctrina welcome: andrew [at] Jacobi," Travaux et Mémoires 11 andrewjacobs [dot] org. (1991): 71-219. Bracketed numbers refer to page numbers in If you prefer, you can download a Déroche's edition. Book, chapter, PDF of this file hereherehere. and section division numbers are

3 of 210 4 of 210 and calls upon "Adonai." He is overheard by a suspicious local, who Translation later sees Jacob's circumcision in the [71] Teaching of Jacob, newly baths and turns him in. Jacob spends baptized—baptized under 100 days in prison and is forcibly Heraclius the most pious emperor baptized. Afterward, directed by a and George, the eparch of the city divine vision, he studies Scriptures of Carthage, against his own and realizes that Christianity is true. will—to those baptized from the He meets the discouraged baptized Jews, having had a good pretext to Jews and agrees to teach them; they come to know Christ. That it is meet in a hidden house on a necessary not to observe the Saturday.] Sabbath after Christ's coming. … I.5. The holy law and the THAT CHRIST HAS And that the one who came is COME 1 prophets proclaimed Christ truly Christ, and not another.1 This manuscript title, which Déroche coming as "a sun of righteousness" reproduces from Paris (Mal 4:2). The same law and the Skip ahead to: BookBookBook IIIIII, BookBookBook IIIIIIIII, BookBookBook Coislin 299, doesn't IVIVIVIV, BookBookBook VVV capture the full range prophets in advance revealed him of topics in the coming "out of the root of Jesse" (Isa Doctrina. 11:10) and "girding his loins in righteousness" and "binding his side BOOK I with truth" (Isa 11:5), his coming, [71-75] [I.1-4 survives only in First Meeting and they claimed that through non-Greek witnesses. It describes him all of human nature would be Heraclius's order, executed by the saved, really inspired by the Holy eparch George, or Sergius, in Spirit; and they made clear the Carthage and the forcible baptisms. birth of the Anointed One and the Jacob arrives, pretends to be Christian incarnation and the wonders that to avoid baptism, but forgets himself would be done by him and the

5 of 210 6 of 210 passion and the cross and the deceived and accept another in the 3 death and the resurrection from place of the true Anointed One3 Throughout the Doctrina uses the the dead and the ascent into when he came, and they have literal Greek heaven and the coming afterward revealed in advance the times of Ēleimmenou of Hermolaos the devil and the coming of Christ. [77] The (Ἠλειµµένου) to refer to the Anointed 2 2 Hermalaos appears deceiver, which would be three Father of all, our heavenly God, One; Déroche and as a negative others view this as a and a half years (cf. Dan 7:25), and apocalyptic figure in says through David concerning particularly Jewish contemporary Jewish his destruction and the his Son: "Today, if you hear his voice, terminological choice. consummation of the world; and apocalypses, but as a do not harden your hearts as in the positive figure in the second and great and Christian provocation, just as your fathers estimable and fearsome and apocalypses, in both tested me in the wilderness" (Ps 94 cases usually called terrifying coming of Christ something like [95]:7-8). Our whole Jewish people himself, "the great and remarkable Armilos (=Romulus). have night and day prayed to see day of the Lord" (Joel 2:11), just as His appearance in the the coming of Christ, just as you Doctrina as an the prophets said, on which "he is anti-Christ figure, know, the salvation of the whole going to repay each person according especially in the last world. But we have been two books, has led to his deeds" (Rom 2:6). Just as some scholars to posit mistaken, supposing that Christ Daniel the great prophet says: "I a Jewish background was not the one born from Saint looked," he said, "and behold with the for the author and/or Mary. For we did not want to hear audience. heavenly clouds one coming like the anything concerning Christ, nor Son of Man and he has come unto the could we behold with pleasure the Ancient of Days and the rule and the divine Scriptures about Christ. honor and the kingdom were given to Our "hearts were engorged" (Isa him and all the tribes and tongues 6:10) truly, just as Isaiah the will be enslaved to him" (Dan prophet says; "in drunkenness and 7:13-14). strong drink" (Luke 21:34) we were deceived by the devil, so we 6. The divine Scripture therefore wouldn't know and be healed. has taught us so no one would be This is why God gave us the

7 of 210 8 of 210 idleness of the Sabbath, so that we and the prophets in the Greek would pray and examine the language, consulting books from divine Scriptures for when Christ the church through Christian comes so that he would save us. friends from one monastery in But every Sabbath we ate until we Carthage, asking if there was any groaned, and we had intercourse chance that, having been baptized and sinned with our wives, and having become Christian, I getting drunk and fornicating, and was not mistaken. And I found 4 we sought out the works of the Mr.4 Moses saying, or rather the Throughout the Doctrina, the world in our love of money, and Holy Spirit through Moses, as out participants we had no care for divine things. of our father Jacob in the blessing respectfully address And because of this we did not of his sons thus: "Judah, your each other using kuris (κύρις; "sir"), a form understand the coming of Christ brothers will praise you, your hands of the more common and we did not ask why it was on the back of your enemies, the sons Greek kurios (κύριος; "lord," "master"). To delayed, as the prophet says: "The of your father will venerate you: a capture this one coming will come and he will not lion's cub is Judah, out of a shoot, my somewhat stiff tarry" (Hab 2:3), and again, in case son, you have risen up" (Gen 49:8-9). formality, I render it as "Mr." (Déroche he was the one coming. And we see Christ coming, used the archaic because he is out of Judah, truly French messire). 7. But I, as before God, was Uniquely here Jacob human and truly God, he is the uses the term of a reassured that he is Christ who one Christ. hero from the biblical was begotten from Saint Mary, past. and I thank God that they [79] 8. For David said: "Blessed is baptized me even though I was the one coming in the name of the unwilling and they made me a Lord, the Lord God, and he has shined Christian. From the time I was upon us" (Ps 117 [118]:26-27). And baptized, night and day, with tears he says again: "And a person was and weeping and fasting, I have begotten in her and the Most High not stopped scrutinizing the law himself has established her" (Ps 86

9 of 210 10 of 210 [87]:5). And again Jeremiah says: Scripture says: "The idols of the "He is our God, let no other be nations are demons" (Ps 95 [96]:5) accounted before him" and again: and neither the holy law nor the "Afterward he was seen upon the prophets rescued the world from earth and he conversed with humans" the error of idols. Even the (Bar 3:36-37). And Isaiah said: prophets were in danger and the "Behold, the virgin will conceive in kings who knew the law and the her womb and she will give birth to a prophets were mistaken: Ahab son and they will call him his name, and Manasseh and many others. Emanuel" (Isa 7:14) and again: "I For the prophets predicted that came to the prophetess and she through the coming of Christ the conceived in her womb and bore a son. salvation of the world would take And the Lord said: Call him by the place. When the Word of God name Quickly-Despoil-and-Swiftly- came and took on flesh from the Plunder" (Isa 8:3). For Christ seed of Judah and was pleased to despoiled death and Hades and he become a human (since humans liberated the prisoners from the cannot bear to look upon the bare hand of the devil and he defeated divinity) he set his hands "on the the diabolical error of the idols, back of his enemies"—for Christ, just as Moses said. For he said: being human and God, chased "Your hands on the backs of your back the demons, who were enemies, and the sons of your father fleeing and quaking: for the one will venerate you." Well indeed has fleeing is thrashed on the the prophet spoken: For when back—but also in stretching his Adam the first human sinned, all hands on the cross he defeated the humankind came under the devil. So humanity venerates control of the devil and was Christ as a brother, on account of trampled, and all creation our flesh which he took up, and as worshiped demons. As the divine God, whether they want to or not.

11 of 210 12 of 210 For no one will dare to say: "I do enemy with his arrows" and again: not venerate the flesh, because it is "A star will rise from Jacob and a man created," just as no one dares to will rise up out of Israel" "and he will say to the emperor: "Strip off the be the lord of many nations" (Num cloak you're wearing, or else I 24:7-8, 17). And again in shall not venerate you." But the Deuteronomy Moses says: "If you Emperor is venerated with what enter into your land, which the Lord he's wearing, just as also the Word your God gives to you, you will not of God is venerated with his flesh, learn to act according to the which he took up from us abominations of those nations," and humans. Just as Daniel says: later: "But the Lord your God will "Behold with the clouds of heaven raise up a prophet for you, like me, comes one like the Son of Man, and you will listen to him according to all the authority and honor and kingdom things, as many as you asked from the are given to him, and all the peoples, Lord your God, saying on Horeb: We tribes, tongues are enslaved to him" shall not hear the voice of the Lord our (Dan 7:13-14). God nor shall we see any longer that great fire, or else we shall die. And the [81] 9. Just as also Isaiah says: "A Lord said to Moses: Correctly have child has been begotten for us, a son they spoken all these things. I shall was given to us, almighty God, father raise up a prophet for them out of the of the age to come" (Isa 9:5-6). And midst of their brothers, just like you, Moses says in Numbers through and I shall give my words into his Balaam: "A person will go forth from mouth and he will speak to them, just the seed of Israel and he will be lord of as I command him; and the person many nations and his empire will be who doesn't hear such words as the exalted. He will eat the nations of his prophet speaks in my name, I shall enemies and he will suck the marrow punish him" (Deut 18:9, 15-19). You of their fat and he will shoot the see, brothers, that Christ came,

13 of 210 14 of 210 who is also the Word of God and my laws into their minds and I shall who was entirely with God but write them upon their hearts, and I teaching us as a human the shall be for them as a God and they mysteries of God and the [83] will be for me as a people. And no Kingdom of Heaven, giving us one will teach his neighbor nor through the holy gospels a new anyone his brother saying: Know the law as a lawgiver, so that Moses Lord, because from their smallest to might truthfully say "like me," he their greatest they will know me, said a certain lawgiver was because I shall be gracious with their coming. sins and their transgressions and their injustices I shall not remember, 10. Just so Jeremiah proclaimed says the Lord" (Jer 38 [31]:31-34). saying that the law of Moses For Christ came proclaiming a would cease and another, better new covenant, to love even law would rise up, in which all enemies with an exuberant love, sins would be forgiven to humans. teaching them to venerate the God For Jeremiah says: "Behold days of Abraham he also rescued the come, says the Lord, and I shall nations from the error of idols, establish for the house of Judah a new teaching all creation knowledge of covenant, not according to the God. Therefore really Christ was covenant which I established with shown to be the great lawmaker their fathers, when I took them by and is so as the Word of God. their hands to bring them out of the Similarly again God says through land of Egypt, because they have not Ezekiel that another law, above remained in the my covenant and I the law of Moses, is going to be have overlooked them, says the Lord. brought forth: "I shall remember my Because this is the covenant which I covenant with you in your youth and shall establish with the house of Judah I shall establish with you an eternal after those days, says the Lord, giving covenant and you will remember your

15 of 210 16 of 210 way" (Ezek 16:60-61); and again, he will not quench the smoking flax "The parable which was spoken will until he sets judgment upon the earth. not be, Until the third and fourth He will shine forth and he will not be generation I shall repay sins; nor will aggrieved until he brings forth the son receive on behalf of his father, judgment upon the earth and the but the one eating the unripe fruit his nations will have hope in his name" teeth will be set on edge" (Jer 38 (Isa 42:1-4; Matt 12:18-21). Behold, [31]:29-30). Behold, brothers, the my brothers, that, just as our God overturning the law, or rather the said, the nations place their hope fulfillment of the holy law by in the name of Christ, and he is God's command. For the law and Christ who is the son of God the prophets proclaimed the begotten from the Virgin Mary. coming of Christ appearing in the flesh. For it was not possible for 11. And again Isaiah says: "Old the unseen God to appear except things have passed away" "and I through flesh; for the Word of God proclaim new things to you, and is inaccessible to humans. That before proclaiming they were made Christ is God, Isaiah says: "No clear to you. Sing to God a new ambassador or messenger, but God hymn," that is the new covenant of himself when he came has saved us" Christ. And again: "His rule is (Isa 63:9). And again God and the glorified above. Those from the end of Father say through Isaiah the earth glorify his name, those who concerning Christ: "Behold my child go down into the sea and sail it and whom I have chosen, my beloved in all the islands" (Isa 42:9-10). Behold, whom my soul is well-pleased. I shall the new law of Christ is set my spirit upon him, and he will proclaimed above in the heavens bring forth judgment to the nations; and on earth. And again Isaiah he will not fight and he will not howl; says: "The redeemer will come out of he will not break the crushed reed and Zion and he will turn away [85] the

17 of 210 18 of 210 impieties from Jacob and this those leaving it behind covenant is from me for them" "when condemned to eternal death and I take away their sins" (Isa 59:20-21, everlasting punishment. There can 27:9). See, my brothers, that be no more Judaizing now that creation will not be saved through Christ has come. And again the law of Moses, but through Jeremiah says: "Behold the days another new law which is arising. come, says the Lord, and I shall raise Just as also Jeremiah says: "He is up for David a righteous descendant, our God, let no other be considered and the righteous emperor will reign, before him; he has found every way of and he will make judgment and knowledge and he has given it to his righteousness in the midst of the son Jacob and to Israel who is beloved earth. And in his days Judah will be by him; afterward upon the earth he saved and Israel will make camp, in was seen and he conversed with trust. And this is the name which the humans. This is the book of the Lord will call him, Josedek, the Lord is commandments of God and the law our righteousness, and he is in the abiding forever; all those possessing it prophets" (Jer 23:5-6). Have you [remain] in life, but those leaving it heard the judgment and the behind will die" (Bar 3:35-4:1). Let righteousness, the new covenant us therefore, my brothers, possess of Christ? Let no one stand apart the book of life, the new covenant from faith in Christ. of Christ, so we aren't destroyed in faithlessness. For he says: "Return, 12. THOSE FROM THE CIRCUMCISION answered and ON THE NEW Jacob, and seize her, pass through to COVENANT the illumination before her light" (Bar said: But why did Moses say: 4:2). Behold, my brothers, that the "Guard this law and live in it" (cf. prophet moved by the Holy Spirit Lev 18:5), but you say, Mr. Jacob, calls the new covenant of Christ that it is necessarily no longer to 5 5 "light" and "life," and [behold] Judaize and keep the Sabbath? Throughout the Doctrina "Judaize"

19 of 210 20 of 210 We want both to keep the Sabbath translates the Greek righteousness rises on those who fear" word ioudaïzen and believe in Christ. (ἰουδαϊζειν) and him (Mal 4:2). And David says: "keep the Sabbath" "The day is yours and the night is JACOB ANSWERED and said: translates the Greek yours" (Ps 73 [74]:16). In the night Moses, the great lawgiver, taught verb sabbatizein (σαββατίζειν). "God made the lights," the moon us, saying: "Guard" this law, which "and the stars" (Gen 1:16). So God gave you through me, and suitably God made the moon and after you enter into the promised the stars, to shine in the night on land do not do "according to the the earth and the sea, but also abominations of those nations." conveniently burning lamps shine Because of the error of their by night in a house. Once the abominations the Lord himself morning-star has risen, we expect will wipe them out. But you are the rest of the light of the day and "not like this, but the Lord your God the sun. Once the sun has risen, no will raise up for you a prophet out of light of the moon or of the stars your brothers, like me," that is, a shines, but they are idle in great lawgiver, "a mediator of God shining, and burning lamps do not and humans" (1 Tim 2:5) "heed him shine by day, on account of the in all things" (Deut 18:9, 12, 14-15). superior illumination of the sun. I Therefore Christ came, the Word am not saying, to be sure, that the of God who became a human moon and the stars are not noble, unchanged and mediating but that God when he spoke between God and humans, just as established the moon "and the the great prophet Moses said to stars" "to regulate the night" (Gen us. Therefore let us listen to all the 1:16). But it also happens often in words of Christ when he came, or the winter that neither moon nor else Moses also [87] will become stars shine, because they are our accuser in the future. For even hidden by the thickness and the Malachi also says: "The sun of dimness of the clouds. In this way

21 of 210 22 of 210 also the holy law and the As "sons of light" we no longer prophets, as in the night, on have need of the shadow (cf. 1 account of diabolical error Thess 5:5). occupying all the earth, shone in the souls of righteous people, and 13. Nobly the holy law and scarcely was a person able to look prophets shone like the moon and up at the one who made him. And stars as in the night for people. For out of the great and immense the teaching of the holy Scriptures shadow people said: From the was a great light proclaimed time we heard the prophets, evil through the law and the prophets things have seized us. But also the to humans against the error of the people of God, Israel, was always vanity of idolatry. For the Word of deceived and served idols. But God and his Holy Spirit spoke when, as I said, "the sun of through the law [89] and the righteousness" rose up, Christ the prophets. And after those many son of God, having "healing in his divine teachings and commands wings" (Mal 4:2)—I mean the of the prophets, the world was extraordinary wonders which deceived and darkened by came about through him—just as diabolical error, just as thick and Isaiah the prophet said, "See: our dim clouds in the night darkened God renders and will render for people the light of the moon judgment: then the eyes of the blind and the stars. When "the sun of will be opened and the ears of the deaf righteousness" (Mal 4:2) rose his will hear, then the lame will leap like a rays shone upon the world, and it stag and the tongue of the slow of was necessary not to sleep. Before speech will be clear" (Isa 35:4-6), and the dawn, we took rest in the law again: "Death in its strength has and in the prophets and we swallowed, but God has taken every escaped the roughness and tear away from every face" (Isa 25:8). darkness of the night and the rains

23 of 210 24 of 210 and the cold and the frost, keeping "It will fall like rain on wool" and warm in our beds and the clothes "before the sun his name will endure" which God gave to us as gifts "and before the moon, unto through the teaching of the holy generations of generations." "And all law and prophets. This is the the tribes of the earth will be blessed manner of keeping the sabbath. in him, all the nations will bless him," But as the morning-star has risen saying: "Blessed is the Lord God of around dawn, [that is] John who Israel who alone does wonders and came in the form of Elijah the blessed be the name of his glory Tishabite—since it was not Elijah forever and ever and ever." You see himself who was going to come at it, my brothers, that the son of the first advent, but some other David is Christ, and he is human hermit comes in the form of and God, and the God of Israel is Elijah—as Isaiah says, "You will see called "blessed forever" (Ps 71 [72]:6, the emperor with glory" (Isa 33:17); 17, 5, 17-19). He says, "Blessed is the "a voice crying out in the wilderness. one coming in the name of the Lord," Prepare the way of the Lord, make "the Lord God also has shined upon straight the paths of our God. Every us" (Ps 117 [118]:26, 27). But if we gully will be filled and every say that David said this about mountain and hill will bow down and Solomon his son, we lie. For Isaiah the crooked way will be straightened says: "He will be the root of Jesse, the and the jagged ways made smooth, one rising up to rule the nations. For and the glory of the Lord will be seen, the nations will put their hope in him" and all flesh will see the salvation of (Isa 11:10). And again: "Unto you our God" (Isa 40:3-5). they will pray and unto you they will bow down, because God is in you and 14. Just as David says: "All the ends God is not apart from you; for you are of the earth have seen the salvation of our God and we did not know, the our God" (Ps 97 [98]:3). And again: God of saving" (Isa 45:14-15). At

25 of 210 26 of 210 that time, he says, "the wolf will thickly wooded. And I shall turn back graze with the sheep, and the leopard the captivity of my people" (Amos will take rest with the kid, and the calf 9:13-14). Solomon is not God, and the bull and the lion will graze existing before the sun and the together, and a little child will lead moon, nor is he the God of saving, them, and [91] the ox and the bear nor did he raise up the tent of will graze together, and the lion and David, that is, the humanity which the bull will eat husks together" (Isa is from Adam, nor did he liberate 11:6-7). The prophet in this way the captivity of the world which, indicates the divine knowledge of because of Adam, has been the nations. controlled by the devil, but even Solomon himself in his old age did 15. Just as Amos says: "On that day, evil before the Lord, making says the Lord, I shall raise up the shrines of idols, and in this way he fallen tent of David, and I shall build died causing grief to God, not up its fallen parts and I shall raise up turning the nations to God; but the its razed parts: and I shall raise it just Word of God, coming down out of like the days of eternity, such that the heaven and taking up flesh out of sons of humankind will turn to it and David and becoming a human in all the nations, upon whom my name truth unchangingly—just as has been called down upon them, says Jeremiah says: "And he is a human the Lords who does these things" and who will know him?" (Jer 17:9), (Amos 9:11-12). And again: "Behold that is, he is also God. And as a the days are coming, says the Lord, human he died, just as the holy and the threshing will overtake the prophets foretold and the holy harvest, and the bunches of grapes law, but as God he worked will ripen in the sowing, and wonders, healing all the diseases sweetness will trickle down the of humans; and he defeated the mountains, and all the hills will be diabolical error of the empty idols

27 of 210 28 of 210 and taught the world knowledge cities of people ruined and fearing you of God. will bless you. For you have been the help in every humbled city" (Isa 16. Just as Jeremiah says: "Behold, 24:23-25:4). For when Christ came, he says, the days are coming, says the my brothers, humans, ruined at Lord, and no one will teach his that time by the error of the devil, neighbor, saying: Know the Lord, coming into knowledge of God, because from the smallest to the gave thanks and blessed God. Just greatest of them they will know me" as Isaiah says about the call of the (Jer 38 [31]:31, 34). And Isaiah nations: "The Lord Sabaoth will make says: "Thus says the Lord God of [a feast] for all the nations on Mount Israel: On that day the person will Zion. They will drink cheer, they will have believed in the one who made drink wine, they will be anointed in him, and his eyes will turn to gaze myrrh" (Isa 25:6, 7). And again: upon the holy one of Israel" (Isa 17:6, "For this is the counsel upon all the 7). The holy one of Israel, brothers, nations. And they will say on that is Christ. And again Isaiah says day: See our God in whom we have about Christ: "The Lord will reign in hoped, and we shall rejoice at our Zion and in Jerusalem and before his Savior, and the Lord himself will save elders he will be glorified. O Lord my us" (Isa 25:7, 9). God, I shall praise you and glorify your name, because you have done 17. Likewise Isaiah says wondrous things, ancient and true concerning the new law of Christ's counsel. So be it, Lord, because you new covenant: "These things says have made cities into heaps, secure the Lord: Those who are enslaved to cities [93] to fall from their me will be given a new name, which foundations, cities of the impious will will be blessed upon the earth. For not be built for eternity. For this the they will bless the true God, and they poor people will bless you and the will swear an oath by the true God.

29 of 210 30 of 210 For they will forget their former affliction" (Isa 65:13, 15, 16). So let 18. And again: "Because the Lord us comprehend, my brothers, that will wash off the filth from the sons God on high says: "Those who are and daughters of Zion" (Isa 4:4). "The enslaved to me will be given a new Lord will wash" means the holy name, which will be blessed upon the baptism of Christ. Just as also earth. For they will bless the true Ezekiel bears witness, saying: "I God." He doesn't say: "They will shall sprinkle pure water upon you, bless me, the true God" but "They and you will be purified from your will bless the true God," that is, idols and your sins" (Ezek 36:25). Christ. So if the highest God of And Isaiah says: "Be washed, Abraham testifies that this new become pure" (Isa 1:16), and again: people, of the Christians, "Because water has burst forth" " for venerates the true God and those marching in thirst in the dry correctly believes, why then do we land" "and the dry land will be a wish to Judaize and keep the pond, and a fountain of water will be Sabbath and rise up against God? upon the parched earth" (Isa 35:6, For again Isaiah says concerning 44:3) "There will be a pure way and the new people: "Open the gates, let the way will be called holy" (Isa 35:7, a righteous people enter in, keeping 8). For really, brothers, the holy righteousness, loving truth, sharing way is the baptism [95] of Christ. in righteousness, keeping truth, For through the middle of the loving peace, because upon you, Lord, waters of the Red Sea the people they have placed their hope" (Isa were saved (cf. Ex 14:15-30). But 26:2-4). And again: "On that day also Moses, as a prototype of holy God by counsel with glory will shine baptism, as a son of the daughter upon the earth to exalt and glorify the of the king he was lifted up remnants of Israel" (Isa 4:2). through the water of the river and he was saved (cf. Ex 2:5-10). But

31 of 210 32 of 210 also Elisha sanctified the waters over injustices for those who remain foreshadowing Christ's mysteries in your inheritance? He has not held (cf. 2 Kgs 2:14). But also Naaman on to anger as a witness to them, the Syrian through baptism was because he desires mercy. He will turn healed from leprosy as a prototype and take pity on us and he will sink of those who were going to be our sins in the depths of the sea" (Mic baptized in the holy font of the 7:18, 19). And Joel says: "On that holy church and be delivered from day sweetness will trickle down the the "leprosy" of sins (cf. 2 Kgs mountains and the hills will rush 5:14). But also in the law it says: with milk and all the sluices of Judah the priest "will bathe" and in this will rush with waters and a fountain way "he will be pure" (Lev 14:9). of water will go forth from the house And again God says through of the Lord" (Joel 3:18). Brothers, the Isaiah: "I am the one who obliterates "depth" is of "God's wisdom" that is 6 your sins and I shall not recall them. the "remissions"6 of Judah through "Sluices" (apheseis) in the Joel passage just But you recall and we shall be judged waters. That holy baptism is cited may also mean together. You recite your sins first so pleasing to God David says: "The "remissions"; Jacob that you might be made righteous" Lord's voice is on the waters: God of understands the passage as an (Isa 43:25-26) "because I shall give glory has thundered, the Lord upon allegory of baptism, water in thirst to those marching in the many waters" (Ps 28 [29]:3). in which Judah's sins are remitted. the dry land and I shall set my Spirit upon your seed and my blessings 19. Because God hates those who upon your offspring" (Isa 44:3) and Judaize and keep the Sabbath after again: "God, having mercy on them, Christ's coming, through Malachi will take pity on them and will lead he says: "I take no pleasure in the them through the fountains of water" children of Israel, and I shall not (Isa 49:10). Similarly Micah says receive a sacrifice from their hands. about holy baptism: "Who is like Because from the rising of the sun you, God, removing sins and passing until its setting my name is glorified

33 of 210 34 of 210 among the nations, and in every place will rise up like dust: for they did not incense is brought forth in my name, wish to perform the law of the Lord because my name is great among the Sabaoth, but they insulted the saying nations, I live, says the Almighty of holy Israel. And the Lord Sabaoth Lord" (Mal 1:10, 11). About those raged in anger upon his people and he still wishing after Christ's coming cast his hand against them and he to Judaize and keep the Sabbath smote them" (Isa 5:24-25). And and saying, "The Anointed One again Isaiah says about the has not yet come and I shall faithless Jews: "You will hear and persist in keeping the Sabbath and you will not understand, and you will Judaizing, keeping the law of look and you will not see. For the Moses," Isaiah says about them: heart of this people has grown thick "Woe to those who pull in their sins as and they hear poorly with their ears if with a long rope and their and they have closed their eyes, no transgressions as if by the strap of longer do they see with their eyes and their heifer's yoke. Those saying: Let hear with their ears and understand it come quickly, whatever God will do in their heart and repent so that I so that we may see, and may the might heal them" (Isa 6:9, 10). And counsel of holy Israel come so that Moses says: "This people is foolish [97] we may know. Woe to those and not wise" (Deut 32:6). And saying the evil is good and the good Jeremiah says: "A foolish and evil, those supposing the light is heartless people, they have eyes and darkness and the darkness light, those do not see, they have ears and do not saying that the bitter is sweet and the hear; and will you not fear me and sweet bitter" (Isa 5:18-20); and will you not be in awe from my again: "My people has become a presence, I who ordered the sand at captive, because they did not know the the boundary of the sea, an eternal Lord" (Isa 5:13); and again: "Their commandment and it will not pass root will be like chaff and their flower away?" (Jer 5:21-22) And again

35 of 210 36 of 210 Isaiah says: "This people approaches its master's manger, but Israel does me with their mouths, and they honor not know me and the people have not me with their lips; but their hearts are understood me" (Isa 1:2, 3). And far off from me. They worship me in God says through Hosea: "I shall vain, teaching human commands and indeed cast my net upon them, I shall teachings. Because of this behold: I draw them down just like birds of the shall ordain this people's removal and sky, I shall discipline them in hearing I shall remove them in a removal and of their affliction. Woe to them, I shall destroy the wisdom of their because they have turned away from wise men and I shall hide the intellect me. They are wretched, because they of their intellectuals" (Isa 29:13-14); have been impious unto me. I and again: "Because my people are of redeemed them, but they spoke lies disobedience, false sons" "saying to against me and their hearts did not the prophets: do not bear messages to cry to me, says the Lord" (Hos us, and to those having visions, Do 7:12-14). And again Jeremiah says, not speak correctly to us, but speak in the character of Christ: "They nonsense to us and bear to us a have abandoned me, a fountain of message of another deception" (Isa living water" (Jer 2:13), [99] and 30:9-10). And again God says again: "Because they hatched a plan through Malachi: "I take no pleasure for my capture and they hid traps for in the children of Israel" (Mal 1:10). me, you, Lord, knew their whole plot to put me to death. Do not forgive 20. And again Isaiah says their sins and do not erase their concerning the Jews who did not transgressions from your presence. believe in Christ: "Hear, o heaven, Let their weaknesses be before you, and hearken, o earth, because the Lord you will attend to them in the time of has spoken: I have begotten sons and I wrath" (Jer 18:22-23). And again raised them up, but they denied me. Christ says through David: "For The ox knows its owner and the ass food they gave me gall and in my

37 of 210 38 of 210 thirst they gave me vinegar to drink. God, fasting on account of the Let them be erased from the Book of people. And the angel Gabriel said the Living and let them not be to him: "Seventy weeks have been inscribed with the just ones" (Ps 68 calculated for your people and for the [69]:21, 28). My brothers and holy city, for sealing their sins and fathers, let's not fail to believe in ending their transgressions and Christ, because he is the savior of expunging their injustices and the world. For if we do not believe propitiating their transgressions and in him, all the evil things that have to bring up eternal righteousness and been written will befall us, both in to seal the vision and prophecy and to the present time and in the future. anoint the holy of holies" (Dan 9:24). Christ is the righteousness, the 21. THOSE FROM THE one who forgives all the sins for CIRCUMCISION answered and THAT CHRIST CAME IN HIS TIME humankind. And from that time said to him: Mr. Jacob, why do our no prophet has come. For once fathers and teachers of the law say Christ came there was no longer that the era has not yet arrived for need of a prophet to say Christ is the coming of Christ, the King of coming. For if Christ were not Israel? truly the one who was born from Saint Mary, until now it would AND JACOB said: Truly Christ have been necessary for prophets came in his time and Christians to proclaim him. But he is truly have a timeline of his generations. Christ who liberated the world But also just as righteous Daniel from the error of idols and led all said, sixty-nine weeks after the the nations to knowledge of God, building of the Temple and as the prophets foretold. For Jerusalem Christ came. For this is through Christ the prophets said what the book of Daniel contains, the nations would be saved. for it says: Daniel pleaded with

39 of 210 40 of 210 has been set aside, and he is the 22. In this way the prophet speaks expectation of the nations" (Gen also about the era. For he says: 49:10). For when Christ was born, "And you will know and you will who was our leader and master of understand from the word going forth all creation and God and emperor, about the separating and building of in Bethlehem of Judea, Herod, the Jerusalem until Christ the leader, Ashkalonite foreigner, was ruling seven weeks and sixty-two; and he over our Jewish land, and we have will return and the wall and the street been under the Romans until will be built and the times will be today and the prophecy of our emptied out; and after the [101] father Jacob, son of Isaac, has sixty-two weeks the anointing will be come true. For Daniel says: "And annihilated, and there will be no you will know and you will judgment in it, and he will destroy understand from the word going forth the city and the holy place with the of the answering and the building of leader who has come" (Dan 9:25-26). Jerusalem until Christ the leader, He is talking about your leader, seven weeks and sixty-two," that is Aristobulus of the Jews, who was 483 years, and so Christ came in captured by the Romans and led the 484th year from the creation of off to Rome as a prisoner with his the temple and the city. For when wife and children, when his the seventieth week was reached brother was destroyed by the 7 Christ appeared and he saved us Parthians,7 in order that "the This highly condensed narrative and he defeated the error of the leader and prince out of Judah" of the transition from devil. For when Aristobulus the might fail, according to the the Hasmonean to leader was taken prisoner with his prophecy of our righteous father Herodian dynasties is taken from Eusebius, children by the Romans, the Jacob, which said: "A prince will Historia ecclesiastica, Romans destroyed the holy city 1.6.6-10. not fail out of Judah or a leader from and enslaved the people with our his loins until he comes for whom it Jewish leader, the aforementioned

41 of 210 42 of 210 Aristobulus. And so our Jewish as an enemy" (Isa 63:10). For truly it were Scripture. reign ceased, as Herod the the Holy Spirit turned away from foreigner reigned under the us Jews, since we would not have Romans and cloaked himself in been trampled on by the nations the holy vestment. And so our for 640 years. From that time that Jewish reign and priesthood our fathers the Jews crucified ceased according to the prophecy Christ, until this day we have been of our father Jacob. And right enslaved to all the nations [103] away under Herod Christ was and trampled underfoot. Because born in Bethlehem, the the Holy Spirit is an enemy to "expectation" and the salvation "of those who do not believe in the nations." For if it had not been Christ, Josephus the Jewish wise Christ who came under Herod man says that, when Christ was [and] Augustus Caesar, really our crucified, they heard some voices father Jacob is a liar, and Moses is of the holy ones in the Temple of a liar, who composed Genesis God saying, "Let us go, let us no 9 which speaks about Jacob's longer stay here"9 and "the curtain Josephus, Bellum judaicum, 6.300, refers prophecy, and Daniel the prophet of the Temple was torn from top to to the haunting voice is a liar and Gabriel who spoke to bottom" (Matt 27:51). But also the but not Christ's him about the era of Christ's Romans plundered all the country crucifixion. The subsequent reference arrival. But also the Holy Spirit of Judea and divine justice burned to the curtain tearing, lies, "the one speaking through the up all the Jews in every place. found in the Gospel of Matthew, appears 8 8 The phrase "the one prophets" according to the Those who believed in Christ, in the Slavonic speaking through the version of Josephus, reasoning of those who don't prophets" (τὸ both before his crucifixion and Bellum judaicum, believe in Christ and say that he λαλήσαν διὰ τῶν after his crucifixion, through the 5.214. has not yet come. And Isaiah's προφητῶν) comes divine vision which appeared to from the Nicene prophecy is fulfilled in them, Creed, perhaps them, he commanded them to which says: "They have provoked the unconsciously leave and he ordered them to slipped in by the Holy Spirit and he has turned to them Christian author as if inhabit a land across the Jordan

43 of 210 44 of 210 which was called Pella.10 When my child will understand and he will the Romans came and conquered be exalted and glorified and elevated; the entire East, they destroyed the in this way they will be stunned at Jews in every city and land, but you, at how your human image and they did not come near to those 10 On the flight of your glory will be held in contempt by who believed in Christ in Pella, for Christ-believing Jews human beings. In this way many to Pella during the they were guarded by the Holy First Jewish War, see nations will marvel at him and kings Spirit. Eusebius, Historia close their mouths; because the one ecclesiastica, 3.5.3. they will see was not announced to 23. THOSE FROM THE them, and those who have not heard CIRCUMCISION answered and THAT CHRIST HAD will understand" (Isa 52:13-15). And TO SUFFER said: You have helped us, brother. again: "A person who is in pain, and May the Lord bless you! Because who knows how to bear sickness, that often we have been conflicted one turns away from, he was about whether we were mistaken dishonored and misunderstood. For he when we were baptized. Help us, bears our sins and he suffers for us. Mr. Jacob, also about this matter: And we have understood that he is in 11 11 for when we hear the gospel Here, as often in pain and distress, he was wounded on the text, the Doctrina saying that Christ rose from the uses the term account of our sins and he was made dead, we are pleased; but when megaleion sick through our transgressions. We we hear he was insulted and (µεγαλεῖον) which refers to the "great" have all been healed by his bruise" beaten and died, we say that this gospel-book and, by (Isa 53:3-6). For when Christ was is not Christ. extension, the text of crucified the soldiers pierced his the gospel. side with a spear and "blood and ACOB said to them: My brothers J water came out" (John 19:34). The and fathers, it was necessary for water prefigured holy baptism, Christ to suffer as the holy the blood his body, the holy prophets foretold. For Isaiah said, mysteries of the Christians. About as from God the Father: "Behold, the spear Zachariah said: "They

45 of 210 46 of 210 will look upon him whom they have lion's cub: who will raise him up?" stabbed" (Zach 12:10; cf. John (Num 24:8-9). The Word of God 19:37). For in the second coming of dwelling in Christ's entombed Christ, when "he will judge the body stripped away all the power living and the dead" (2 Tim 4:1), of the devil and liberated all of those who will not believe in humanity which was ruled by the Christ will have to look upon him devil. David says: "He has sent his coming with holy angels. And at Word and it has healed them." "They that time they will weep keenly, cried out," he says, "to the Lord, and having no hope, but they are he redeemed them from their bonds" handed over into eternal [that is] "those seated in the darkness judgment. and in the shadow of death, those bound in poverty and iron," "he [105] 24. THOSE FROM THE ON CHRIST'S DEATH smashed the bronze gates and crushed CIRCUMCISION answered and the iron bars" (Ps 106 [107]:20, 6, 10, said: Mr. Jacob, what kind of 16). For Isaiah says: "He was led Scripture says that Christ dies and into death from the transgressions of rises from the dead? my people, and I shall give the wicked in exchange for his tomb and the rich JACOB said: The holy law says in exchange for his death. Because he about the death of Christ: "Having has committed no transgression, and fallen back he has fallen asleep like a no treachery was found in his mouth" lion and like a lion's cub. Who will (Isa 53:8, 9). And again Isaiah says raise him up?" (Gen 49:9) And thus: "The Lord says to my Christ, again: "He eats the nations of enemies whom I held by his right hand, that and he will suck the marrow from the nations will pay heed before him their fat and he will shoot his enemy and I shall bust the strength of kings. dead with his arrows. Having laid I shall open up before you gates and down he rests like a lion and like a cities will not be shut up. For I shall

47 of 210 48 of 210 proceed before you, and I shall level souls after death were controlled mountains, I shall smash bronze gates and ruled by the evil and afflicted and crush iron bars. And I shall give by Satan, as if they were humanity you darkened storehouses, unseen, they cried out saying: "Quickly may hidden, I shall open up to you" (Isa your compassions overtake us, Lord, 45:1-3); and again: "Saying to those because we have fallen on exceedingly bound: Go forth; and to those in hard times. Help us, God our savior" darkness: Be revealed" (Isa 49:9). For (Ps 78 [79]:8, 9); and again, "Rise the death of Christ was the up, Lord, help us and free us for your salvation of the world. For name's sake" and "Wake up, why do because Adam sinned, all the you sleep, Lord?" (Ps 43 [44]:26, 24). souls of humans after dying and being divided from the body were [107] 25. That the Word of God, as ruled in hell by the devil. he was sleepless and deathless, Therefore, by his abundant was going to raise up his own goodness, God the Most High, as a temple which he received from lover of humanity, sent his Word us—that is the soul and into the world, well-pleased that body—David says: "Let God rise up he take up a soul and flesh and and let his enemies be scattered become truly human, "without abroad and let those who hate him flee 12 confusion and change,"12 in order As above (ch. 22), from his presence" (Ps. 67 [68]:1). where the Doctrina That Christ was going to liberate that, through our being, he might cites the Nicene the souls which were from Adam able to die, and through his Creed as if it were incorruptible and ungraspable Scripture, here the from the devil's hand, David says: phrase "without "You have gone up on high, you have being he might give life to all confusion and things and liberate from the change" (ἀσυγχύτος redeemed captivity" (Ps 67 [68]:18). καὶ ἀτρέπτως) comes And Nahum likewise says: "The devil's bonds. For the holy from the Definition of gates of the cities have been opened prophets, seeing that the wounds Chalcedon appended of Adam are incurable and human to the Nicene Creed and the palaces have fallen and the in 451.

49 of 210 50 of 210 foundation has been uncovered, and us eradicate him from the land of the she has gone up and those women living" (Jer 11:19). And Solomon enslaved to her have been brought out says about the Jews who crucified like doves" (Nah 2:6-7). And again Christ: "They reckoned these things Isaiah says: "Those who have gone and they were mistaken: for their down into the area and into the wickedness blinded them, and they shadow of death, light will shine upon did not know the mysteries of God" you" (Isa 9:2). You see, then, (Wisd 2:21-22). brothers, what kind of salvation Christ's death was for humans. 26. Annas and Caiaphas, the Just as again Isaiah says about miserable high priests who Christ's death: "Do you see that the crucified Christ, were out of Levi righteous one has died and no one has and the Scribes were out of taken it to heart, and righteous ones Simeon. When he was are taken up and no one understands? prophesying the blessed Jacob, From the presence of injustice the our Jewish father, said: "Simeon and Levi have accomplished injustice righteous one has been taken up: for 13 from their choice.13 My soul did not The Greek for his tomb will be in peace, he will be "from their choice," ex taken up from their midst" (Isa come into their counsel, and my haireseōs (ἐξ 57:1-2). And again Isaiah says emotion did not contest their αἱρέσεως), might collusion, but in their anger they evoke for the about the death and about the Christian audience of thieves crucified with Christ: "My killed people and in their passion they the Doctrina the danger of heresy. soul has been handed over into death hamstrung a bull. Their anger is and it has been reckoned with cursed, because stubborn, and their transgressors" (Isa 53:12). And wrath, because it was hardened. I Jeremiah says as if out of the shall apportion them in Jacob and I character of our wretched fathers shall scatter them in Israel" (Gen who crucified Christ: "Come, and 49:5-7). And we might say it was let us cast wood into his bread and let because of Dinah, their sister, but

51 of 210 52 of 210 this is not so. [109] For at that time killed people and in their desire they they defended themselves to their hamstrung a bull: their anger is father, saying: "But shall they use cursed" (Gen 49:6-7). Behold, then, our sister like a prostitute?" (Gen my brothers, let none of you 34:31) And righteous Jacob disbelieve in Christ, in case in the himself afterward, when he was future both Jacob and Isaiah giving the city to Joseph, said: "I should be found opposed to you. give you the portion of Shechem, the 27. THOSE FROM THE ON CHRIST'S city I took by my sword and by my RESURRECTION bow" (Gen 48:22). Jacob himself CIRCUMCISION answered and accepted the defense of Simeon said: What sort of Scripture talks and Levi. How then were the about the resurrection of Christ? things said by their father JACOB said: In Psalm 77 David fulfilled? But then, as I said, Annas says: "And the Lord rose up, like one and Caiaphas were of the tribe of sleeping, like a powerful man Levi and the Scribes of Simeon. intoxicated from wine, and he struck Then by their plan and counsel his enemies from behind, he gave them Christ was handed over and an eternal rebuke" (Ps 77 [78]:65-66). through them he was taken up, as And Hosea says: "He has struck Jacob prophesying said: "In their down and he will heal, and he will scheme my soul did not enter"—just plug our wounds and he will heal us as also Isaiah says, "Woe to their after two days, and on the third day soul: because they have devised a we shall rise before him" (Hos 6:1-2); wicked counsel, saying among and again: "Death, where is your themselves: Let us give over the victory? Hell, where is your sting?" righteous one, because he is (Hos 13:14). And Zechariah says: inconvenient to us" (Isa 3:10)—and "And you, in the blood of your "my passion was not in conflict with covenant, you have sent out your their plot, because in their anger they

53 of 210 54 of 210 prisoners from a pit having no water" not crucified with transgressing (Zech 9:11). And David says: "Rise thieves nor was he sufficient to up, God, judge the earth, for you shall forgive people's sins, nor after he be made heir among all the nations" died did he see light, nor did the (Ps 81 [82]:8). And Isaiah says: nations place their hope in Josiah, "The Lord wishes to take away from but even our people went off into the pain of his soul, to show him light, captivity. But even the gentiles to form in understanding, justify the believed in Christ. Christ defeated righteous one who has been enslaved all the error of the idols and he well to many, and he himself will take brought up the souls who were in away their sins. Because of this he hell and he liberated them. Isaiah will inherit many and he will share says as if from God the Father: "I the spoils of the mighty. Instead of have raised him as a king with them his soul has been handed over to righteousness, and all his paths are death and he has been reckoned with straight. For he will construct my city the transgressors. And he has taken and he will overturn the captivity of away the sins of many and he has my people, not with ransoms or gifts, been handed over on account of their said the Lord Sabaoth" (Isa 45:13). sins" (Isa 53:10-12). And again Isaiah says: "Thus says the Lord Sabaoth: Egypt has grown THOSE FROM THE weary, and the Ethiopian markets and CIRCUMCISION said: Mr. Jacob, the lofty Sabaean men will cross over you're mistaken: for as our to you and they will be enslaved to teachers tell us, Isaiah said this you and they will follow behind you about King Josiah. bound in shackles and they will cross over toward you and they will [111] JACOB said: They are lying. venerate you and they will pray to This is how they are always you. For God is in you, and there is misleading you. For Josiah was no God except you. For you are God

55 of 210 56 of 210 and we did not know it, the God of will heal the pain of its blow. Behold Israel, savior" (Isa 45:14-15). He the name of God comes after a time, says "God is in you" on account of and his Spirit like water whistling the Word of God which inhabited into a gully" (Isa 30:26-28)—with the body of the Lord, and "there is the result, then, my brothers, that no God except you" because Christ the law is also beautiful and holy, was truly God. as it was given by God. But blessed Moses said for us to keep ON THE OLD LAW 28. THOSE FROM THE the law until Christ came. For CIRCUMCISION answered and Moses says: "When you enter into said: May God grant that your the land which the Lord God gives to words are true, so we don't regret you, the Lord will raise up a prophet 14 14 becoming Christian. But what "Becoming for you; heed him in everything, as Christian" translates prevents us from also keeping the the single word much as he says to you" (Deut 18:9, Sabbath? christianisantes 15-16). Truly the law was (χριστιανίσαντες), a contrast to the beautiful, but the coming of Christ JACOB said: Just as those before "judaizing" was seven times more beautiful. the law of Moses were under the (ἰουδαϊσαντες) the Just as Isaiah the prophet said: "All natural law15 and they didn't need baptized Jews are being exhorted to will be dishonored and ashamed who to keep the Sabbath, but when the abandon. 15 oppose him [113] and they will law came whoever didn't keep the ton phusikon nomon (τὸν φυσικὸν νόµον) proceed into dishonor " (Isa 45:16). Sabbath was cursed, so it is again You see then, my brothers, that now that Christ has come, the true those who wish to keep the light—just as Isaiah says: "On that Sabbath will be ashamed as ones day the light of the moon will be like opposing Christ. the light of the sun, and the light of sun will be seven-fold, like the light of 29. And again Isaiah says: "Who seven days in a day, when the Lord among you fears the Lord? Let him 16 will heal the ruin of his people, and he give heed to the voice of his child"16 "Of his child," tou paidos autou (τοῦ

57 of 210 58 of 210 (Isa 50:10). For it is God's will to παιδὸς αὐτοὺ), in the is proclaimed which is of Christ, original context of listen to Christ, his child. And Isaiah would mean the holy gospels of the new again God says through Isaiah: "of his servant." Early covenant, the sevenfold light "Hear me, my people, and kings, lend followers of Jesus spoken of by the prophets. We began to understand me your ears. Because the law will go the "Suffering should no longer wish to Judaize forth from me and my judgment as a Servant" section of or keep the Sabbath, since we Isaiah creatively by light of the nations. Quickly my reading pais (παῖς) in would really be enemies and righteousness nears and it will go its alternative sense, opponents of God and the forth as my saving light, and the "son," rather than prophets. The prophet Isaiah said "servant." nations will place their hope in my in the passage above: "All will be arm. Islands await me and will place dishonored and ashamed who oppose their hope in my arm" (Isa 51:4-5). him and they will proceed into And Micah says about the new dishonor" (Isa 45:16). And Moses law of Christ, the new covenant: says, as from God: "The person who "At the end of days the mountain of does not hear his words, which the the Lord will be manifest, at hand prophet speaks in my name, I shall be above the peaks of the mountains, and avenged upon him" (Deut 18:19). it will rise up above the hills. And And Malachi says: "I take no many nations will be present on it pleasure in the children of Israel and I and many peoples and they will say: shall not accept sacrifice from their Come and let us go up unto the hands. For from the rising of the sun mountain of the Lord and into the until its setting my name is glorified house of the God of Jacob, and they among the nations and in every place will show us his way and we shall incense goes up in my name, because proceed in his paths. For out of Zion my name is great among the nations, the law will go out and the Word of as I live, says the Lord Almighty" the Lord out of Jerusalem" (Mic (Mal 1:10-11). And in Psalm 49 4:1-2). You see, my bothers, that God says: "Hear, my people, and I after the law of Moses another law shall tell you, Israel, and I shall bear

59 of 210 60 of 210 witness to you, I am God your God. I seraphim was sent to me and in his shall not condemn you for your hand he held a coal, which he took sacrifices, your burnt offerings are from the altar with tongs, and he continually before me. I shall not touched my mouth and said: See this receive calves from your house, nor has touched your lips and taken away goats from your flocks. For all the your transgressions and purified your beasts of the field are mine, flocks on sins" (Isa 6:5-7). the mountains and cattle. I know all the birds of the sky and the ripeness of 30. Also: in the law the bread of the field is with me. If I am hungry I offering, which only the priests shall not tell you, for the world and ate, there was a prototype. Also: its fullness are mine. Shall I not eat Melchizedek offered bread and the meat of bulls, or drink the blood of wine to God as a prototype of the goats? Sacrifice to God the offering of holy mysteries of the holy church. praise and offer up to the Most High And "he gave them heavenly bread" is your prayers, and call upon me on the perfected in the mystery of the day of your affliction" (Ps 49 church (Ps 77 [78]:24). For our [50]:7-15). You see, my brothers, fathers, who ate the bread—that the overturning of the law, or is, manna—were utterly destroyed rather, the fulfillment of the law, as and nothing helped them, "they God commands. For it is necessary were struck down in the wilderness" to celebrate the day of Christ's (1 Cor 10:5), as rebels against God. resurrection as the holy Lord's But the bread which is Christ's Day, when Christ rose up and illuminated all of creation from illuminated the universe. Just as the error of idols: for no longer Isaiah [115] proclaiming in "does each one teach his neighbor nor advance Christ's holy body said: "I each one his fellow citizen nor each have seen the King, Lord Sabaoth, one his own brother, saying: Know the with my eyes. And one of the Lord" (Jer 38 [31]:34), "for the

61 of 210 62 of 210 universe is filled with knowing the names of the idols will be utterly Lord, as so much water completely destroyed from the earth and there covers the seas. And, he says, there will be no more memory of them" will be in that day the root of Jesse (Zech 13:2). who will rise up to lead the nations; 31. THOSE FROM THE THAT CHRIST HAD and upon him will the nations place TO BE BETRAYED their hope, and his rest will be honor" CIRCUMCISION answered and (Isa 11:9-10). And again: "The leader said: Really, Mr. Jacob, all the has died, who trampled the earth; the things God has spoken through throne will be restored with mercy your mouth today are true. For and he will sit on it with truth in the they are the words of the [117] tent of David, judging and seeking Holy Spirit. But help us: why did judgment and eager for Christ allow himself to be righteousness" (Isa 16:4-5). And betrayed by his own disciple, again Isaiah: "These things says the Judas? Lord God of Israel: On that day the JACOB said: It had to happen, person who will have placed his faith since the prophets proclaimed it in in him, his eyes will gaze upon the advance, in order to show that the holy one of Israel, and they will no Word of God took on true flesh. longer place their faith in the hills or For Amos the prophet says: "They in the works of their own hands" (Isa have delivered up the righteous one 17:6-8). Likewise also Zechariah for silver" (Amos 2:6). And says concerning the new people, Zechariah says, as if from Christ: the Christians: "Many nations will "And they set my price at thirty silver come and many peoples to seek the pieces" (Zech 11:12). And Jeremiah countenance of the Lord in Jerusalem said: "They gave thirty silver pieces and to propitiate the countenance of as the price for the one whose price the Lord" (Zech 8:22) and again: was set, on whom some from the "On that day, says the Lord, the

63 of 210 64 of 210 children of Israel set a price, and they prophecy of blessed Moses is 17 gave them for the potter's field."17 This quote does fulfilled in the one betraying not appear in And Isaiah said: "Woe to the Jeremiah, but is cited Christ. For he says in transgressor: for wicked things will as if it were in Matt Deuteronomy: "Cursed is he who befall him according to the works of 27:9-10. takes gifts to shed the lifeblood of a his hands" (Isa 3:11). And David righteous one" (Deut 27:25), and says: "Set the sinner upon him and again: "God will not wish to be let the devil stand to his right: in merciful to him, but at that time the judging him let him go forth anger of the Lord will be kindled and condemned, and let his prayer be for his zeal against that person, and all sin. Let his days be short and let the imprecations of that covenant will another receive his office" (Ps 108 be bound to him" (Deut 29:19) and [109]:6-8). For after Judas was again: "The Lord will erase his name thrown own another came in as from the heaven" (Deut 29:19). And apostle (cf. Acts 1:20). And Gehazi, the disciple of Elisha, bore Solomon says about the betrayal: the prototype of Judas (cf. 2 Kgs "A foolish and unnatural man 5:20). proceeds on ways that are not good. 32. THOSE FROM THE ON GOD'S He signals with eyes, he indicates REJECTION OF THE with a foot, he teaches in gestures of CIRCUMCISION answered and SYNAGOGUE his fingers. His perverted heart said: Really, greatly you have devises bad things for every occasion. demonstrated and you have cured Such a one causes lots of trouble. This us. But why, Mr. Jacob, did God is why his destruction comes reject the synagogue, as you say? suddenly" (Prov 6:12-15). But also You are not convincing us of this. then Joseph being sold by his own For the first salvation for humans brothers predicted the betrayal of was the holy synagogue of Israel Christ by the Jews, his brothers for knowledge of God. according to the flesh. And the

65 of 210 66 of 210 says: "And it will be on that day, I so related Hebrew ,(שוב) JACOB said: Through Isaiah God verb shuv shall call my child, Eliakim, son of "(re)turn." In his says: "Go and enter the bridal Hilkiah, and I shall dress him in your roughly chamber, [119] to Somnas to steward, robe and I shall give him your crown, contemporary and say to him: Why are you here, Quaestiones ad according to my might, and I shall Thalassium 49.48, and what is for you here? For you give him your stewardship into his Maximos the have quarried for yourself here a Confessor translates hands. And he will be like a father to Somnas as monument and you have made for those dwelling in Jerusalem and to the "conversion," yourself a lofty tomb and you have men of Judah. And I shall give him epistrophē 18 engraved18 for yourself a tent in With Déroche I (ἐπιστροφή), which read egrapsas the glory of David and he will rule almost certainly stone. Behold the Lord Sabaoth will (ἔγραψας) for and no one will oppose him, and he derives from the cast out a man and he will wipe you enklupsas (ἔγκλυψας). Hebrew shuv will open up and no one will close and (although out. And he will remove your robe he will close and there will be no one incorrectly). and your headdress and your crown, opening up. And I shall set him as a which is esteemed, and he will toss ruler in the faithful place. And there you into the great and measureless will be a throne of glory in the house country, and there you will die, and of his father. And everyone who is he will set your chariot, which is esteemed in the house of his father, beautiful, into dishonor and the house from the small to the great, will trust of the ruler for trampling underfoot. in him, every vessel from the small to And you will be taken away from the vessel of aganoth, and they will be your stewardship and from your dependent upon him on that day" (Isa position and he will demote you" (Isa 22:20-25). Behold, then, my 22:15-19). Somnas means "go back brothers, that the divine call is to 19 19 outside." You see then, brothers, apsostēthi exō believe in Christ the son of God (ἀπόστηθι ἔξω). The how Judaizing comes to an end Doctrina's etymology and to celebrate his holy and is fulfilled in its own time. here is unclear, resurrection, the holy Lord's Day, About the coming of Christ perhaps related to the original Hebrew through which Christ restored the immediately afterward Isaiah name (Shebnah) and world.

67 of 210 68 of 210 living" (Jer 11:19). And the Word of in the third-century de 33. THOSE FROM THE THAT CHRIST HAD benedictione Jacobi by TO BE CRUCIFIED God, Christ, says through Hippolytus) and the CIRCUMCISION said: You have Jeremiah: "I, like a blameless lamb led line ascribed to Moses helped us, one enslaved to God, to be sacrificed, did not know; they does not actually and you have fully satisfied us. appear in Numbers hatched a scheme against me: 'Come 21. But we call upon you, Mr. Jacob: and let us cast wood into his bread'" why was Christ crucified in such a (Jer 11:19). And again through shameful death? David Christ says: "They have

20 gouged my hands and my feet," "and JACOB ANSWERED and said:20 Doctrina 1.33-35 also appears in close they have divided my clothes among Christ had to be crucified, because paraphrase in them and they have cast lots for my the law and the prophets Ps.-John Chrysostom, de adoratione pretiosae cloak" (Ps 21 [22]:17, 19) and "for a proclaimed in advance that crucis 2 (PG 52:839), whole day I extended my hands humanity would be saved in this in which the preacher toward you" (Ps 87 [88]:10). And way by Christ. For Moses says: is responding to some hypothetical again through Isaiah Christ says: "You will see your life hanging before "demented and "I have spread my hands for a whole your eyes" (Deut 28:66). That God ignorant and unbelieving Jew" day toward a faithless and contrary is Christ crucified, Ezra says: posing a version of people, who have not walked on a "Blessed is the Lord who spreads out the question from good way, but behind their sins. This his hands and saves Jerusalem." And "those of the circumcision" above. people provoked me, who are when the snakes were killing the The paraphrase preparing a table for the demon" (Isa people, at God's command Moses, contains all of the biblical citations, 65:2, 3, 11). suspending a snake from wood, including the said: "Pay heed to this and you will otherwise unknown 34. THOSE FROM THE ON VENERATING not die."21 And Jeremiah says, as if saying of "Ezra" and THE CROSS the supposed CIRCUMCISION answered and in the character of those crucifying quotation from said: Really do you teach us well. Christ: [121] "Come and let us cast Moses. Help us, mister, also with this: is it 21 No surviving book 22 22 ton tupon (τὸν wood into his bread and we shall of Ezra (or with Ezra) right to venerate the image of the τύπον) remove him from the land of the contains this line cross of Christ? For it seems (although it is found

69 of 210 70 of 210 onerous to us. sweetened them as an image of the cross of Christ, which JACOB said: Yes, it is right. For the sweetens the world from the prophets teach us. For David says: bitterness of empty idols (cf. Ex "You gave those who feared you a sign 15:23-25). And the rod of Moses, to flee from the presence of the bow" which split the stone, was an (Ps 59 [60]:6). And again: "Make image of the cross of Christ, which with me a sign for good, and let those split the hearts of the people and who hate me see it and be ashamed" cast in the grace of the Holy Spirit (Ps 85 [86]:17). And God says (cf. Num 20:11). through Ezekiel: "Give the sign upon the forehead of the people who 35. THOSE FROM THE ON CHRIST'S BODILY mourn and who are distressed in all CIRCUMCISION answered and ASCENSION their transgressions. And cross they said to Jacob: You have made through the city and strike, and do us happy, Mr. Jacob, and we thank not have mercy on the old man or you! But we beseech you, trouble young man or women or the nursing yourself a little more and [123] infant, obliterate them all. But do not take care of us. How was Christ approach those who possess my sign" raised into heaven in a body, as (Ezek 9:4, 6). And Solomon says the Christians say? Because we about the holy cross: "May he bless don't believe it, it's unacceptable. the wood, through which comes righteousness" (Wisd 14:7). And JACOB said: David in Psalm 46 Isaiah says about the source of the says: "God ascends in a clamor, the cross's wood: in cypress and pine Lord in the sound of a trumpet" (Ps and cedar, to glorify together the 46 [47]:6) and in Psalm 63: "God holy image (cf. Isa 41:19). And will be raised on high" (Ps 63 [64]:8). Moses, when he cast wood into And Amos says: "The one who Mara, into the bitter waters, he constructs his ascent into heaven and

71 of 210 72 of 210 founds his steadfastness upon the the prophecy spoken (through earth, who summons the water of the Isaiah), and he said: "Speaking to sea and pours it out upon the surface those in bonds: Go forth, and to those of the whole earth, Lord Almighty is in darkness: Be revealed" (Isa 49:9). his name" (Amos 9:6). And again And again David says: "Sing a David says: "He has gone up to the psalm to the one who has gone up into cherubim and he has flown, he has the heaven of heaven in the east" (Ps flown upon the wings of the winds" 67 [68]:34), and in [Psalm] 93: "Let (Ps 17 [18]:11), and again: "Be the one judging the earth be raised raised on high, Lord, in your power" up" (Ps 93 [94]:2), and in [Psalm] (Ps 20 [21]:14); and again: "May 98: "Lift up the Lord our God, and your leaders raise up the gates; rise venerate the soles of his feet" and up, eternal gates, and may the King of again "Lift up the Lord our God and Glory enter in" (Ps 23 [24]:9). And venerate him on his holy mountain" again in Psalm 45: "Be at rest and (Ps 98 [99]:5, 9). And Zechariah know that I am God, I shall be raised says: "And the Lord my God will up among the nations, I shall be come and all the saints with him. And raised up on the earth" (Ps 45 his feet will stand on that day on the [46]:11), and again in [Psalm] 56: Mount of Olives facing Jerusalem in "Be raised up to the heavens, God, and the east" and he will be raised up 23 upon all the earth your glory"; and (Zech 14:5, 4).23 For on the Mount The last words of Jacob's citation, "and again: "For your mercy has been of Olives Christ ascended, and his he will be raised up" magnified unto the heavens and your disciples venerated him. And the (καὶ ὑψωθήσεται) truth unto the clouds" (Ps 56 [57]:6, book of Kings says: "The Lord went does not appear in the Hebrew or Greek 11); and again: "You have gone up on up into heavens and thundered. Being versions of this verse high, you have made a prisoner of righteous he will judge the ends of the of Zechariah; yet Jacob must have captivity" (Ps 67 [68]:19). For he has earth" (1 Kgs [Sam] 2:10). And known a version with released the conquered human Habakkuk says: "His virtue has this phrase at the end, souls, in order that he might fulfill veiled the heavens, and the earth is or else he would not have included it in a

73 of 210 74 of 210 full of his understanding" (Hab 3:3). chain of "raised up" earth, he conversed with people" (Bar proof-texts. And we see that all the nations 3:36, 38), about the flesh which the praise Christ. And Isaiah says: holy Word of God took up from "Behold my child will understand and the holy virgin Mary. As also he will be raised up and glorified and Jeremiah says: "Behold days come exalted" (Isa 52:13). And again and I shall raise up a righteous through Isaiah Christ says: "Now I descendant. And a righteous king will shall be raised up, says the Lord" (Isa reign, and he will make judgment and 33:10). righteousness in the midst of the earth. In his days Judah will be saved [125] 36. ONE OF THOSE FROM THE ETERNAL WORD OF GOD and Israel will settle, in trust. And THE CIRCUMCISION, by the this is the name which the Lord will name of Theodore, answered and call him, Josedek, the Lord is our said to him: Really, Mr. Jacob, you righteousness, and he is in the don't persuade me of this, but it's prophets" (Jer 23:5, 6). You see that a mistake. For Christ had not the Word of God "he is in the come at the time of Isaiah. prophets," who took up flesh from us at the end of days because JACOB said: The Word of God has people could not endure to look always been, and he spoke upon the bare divinity of the through the mouth of the holy Word. prophets. Just as David says, that "before the sun the name of the Son of EVERYONE answered and said: the King remains, and all the tribes of This is the truth. And also [these the earth will be blessed in him and verses]: "they have gouged my hands before the moon, generation upon and my feet, they have counted all my generation" (Ps 71 [72]:17, 5). And bones. They perceived me and they Jeremiah said: "He is our God. looked upon me" and "They divided Afterward he was seen upon the my clothes among themselves" and

75 of 210 76 of 210 "they cast lots for my cloak" and "he come to him and many peoples and was led as a sheep to the slaughter" they will say: Come, let us go up to were proclaimed in advance (Ps 21 the mountain of the Lord, and they [22]:17, 19; Isa 53:7). will show us his way and we shall walk in his paths. For out of Zion the 37. I MYSELF, JOSEPH,24 THE NEW COVENANT law will go forth and the Word of the answered and said: Really great is AFFIRMED Lord out of Jerusalem" (Mic 4:1-2). 24 the faith in Christ, because it was Here the putative Now do not think that Micah narrator and proclaimed through the law and composer of the text, speaks of the Mosaic law. For the the prophets. For Isaiah says: Joseph, appears for law given through Moses by God "Only the Lord will be raised up on the first time (although to humans was before Micah and that day, he will be raised up above presumably he also it was given in the wilderness of the hills" (Isa 2:11, 2), "The Lord appeared in the lost Mount Sinai. The prophet saying Greek of the first four Sabaoth will be raised up in chapters). "out of Zion [127] the law will go judgment" (Isa 5:16) and again: "I forth and the Word of the Lord from shall be raised up, said the holy one" Jerusalem" indicated the coming of (Isa 40:25) and again: "Rejoice and Christ; "the law out of Zion and out be happy, you who dwell in Zion, of Jerusalem" [indicated] the because the holy one of Israel has been gospels of Christ, the new raised up in your midst" (Isa 12:6). covenant; and "the nations" [indicated] those whom we see [Per non-Greek versions, JACOB coming at the time and believing speaks here:] How did the one on in Christ and learning the way of high need to be raised up, unless Christ; and "his paths" [indicated] on account of the flesh which God the new covenant. took up from us, when he dwelled with us humans? Just as Micah [Per non-Greek versions, THOSE also says: "The Lord will be raised up FROM THE CIRCUMCISION speak above the hills, and many nations will here:] Really, Mr. Jacob, it is

77 of 210 78 of 210 necessary not to Judaize any barren and have not given birth, cry longer, since the new law of Christ aloud and shout, you who have not has come, just as the prophets been in labor. For the offspring of the foretold to us. As also the great destitute are many, more than the one Moses prophesied to us saying: who has a husband. For the Lord said: "The Lord God will raise up for a Widen the place of your tent and fix prophet like me," that is, a lawgiver, the screens of your courtyards, don't "listen to him in all things, however be sparing, extend your allotments many he should say to you" (Deut and reinforce your stakes, extend on 18:15-16). For no one else gave us the right and on the left and your seed the old covenant except Moses, will inherit nations" (Isa 54:1-3); and and Christ gave us as law the new again: "Shine, shine, Jerusalem: for covenant of the holy gospels. your light comes and the glory of the Lord has risen up over you. Behold 38. JACOB said: Mr. Joseph, but darkness will hide the land and gloom even the holy church was upon the nations, but upon you the prefigured through the law and Lord will shine, and his glory will be the prophets. For it says: Jacob seen upon you. And kings will walk took two wives, Leah the elder by your light and rulers by your and Rachel the younger. But "he brightness. Rise up your eyes around, loved" Rachel more. Leah was as a and see your children assembled. For figure of the synagogue, since she your sons have come from far off and didn't see well (cf. Gen 29:16-30). your daughters will be hoisted on Just as the prophet said: "They have their shoulders" (Isa 60:1-4), in order eyes but do not see" (Jer 5:21). Now that David might be proven right Rachel was beautiful and loved by when he says: "Hear, daughter, and her husband, but she was barren, see and incline your ear and forget as a type of the holy church. Just your people and the your father's as Isaiah says: "Rejoice, you who are house, and the king will desire your

79 of 210 80 of 210 beauty, because he is your Lord and foundations, and jasper for your you will venerate him, and the battlements, and crystal for your daughters of Tyre with presents" (Ps gates, and chosen stone for your 44 [45]:11-13). By "daughters of courtyard, and all your children as Tyre," the prophet hints at the students of God and your offspring in nations. So now, brothers, let us great peace. And you will be edified in also forget our fathers' wicked and righteousness; stay away from evil faithless deeds, so that the Son of and trembling will not approach you. God might desire the beauty of Behold proselytes will come to you our souls and lovely and through me, and they will settle before God-worthy works. you and will flee for refuge to you" (Isa 54:11-15). So if the one who [129] 39. As David says about the believes in this cornerstone, that is call of the nations: "Praise the Lord, Christ, should not be ashamed, all the nations, sing praise to him, all then let those of us from the the peoples. Because his mercy has circumcision also believe in Christ prevailed over us and the Lord's truth and not be ashamed. For about endures forever" (Ps 116 [117]:1-2). those who do not believe in Christ Let us hear David and with the Isaiah says: "Behold I set in Zion a nations let us believe in Christ stone of hindrance and a rock of with all our hearts. For God says stumbling" (Isa 8:14) and "all who through Isaiah, speaking to the believe in it will not be ashamed, church from the nations: "Behold I forever" (Isa 28:16). So therefore cast into the foundations of Zion a those who don't believe in Christ costly stone and a valuable select will be ashamed forever and ever. cornerstone, and all who believe in it And in this world they have are will not be ashamed" (Isa 28:16) and scattered and are trampled again, "Behold I prepare garnet for underfoot by the nations. And in your stone, and sapphire for your the age to come, whenever they

81 of 210 82 of 210 see Christ with glory, tribes will mischief (he said), as a Blue again were popular "clubs" affiliated with either weep and be ashamed forever and I hobbled Christians, insulting of two major urban ever and they will be given over to them as Greens and smearing racing teams in the the unquenchable fire incessantly. them as arsonists and hippodrome, often incorporating in their 27 Manicheans. And when Bonosos partisan fights other JACOB'S PRIOR LIFE 40. THOSE FROM THE [131] in Antioch took vengeance discrete social groups CIRCUMCISION answered and (religious, upon the Greens and murdered professional, said: Your soul is really blessed, them, as a Blue and a supporter of geographic, etc.). which has been found worthy of the emperor I went up to Antioch Greens or Blues such a gift. For your teaching is enjoyed the and I cudgeled many Christians as patronage of key the teaching of the Holy Spirit. But Greens and smeared them as political figures, even 25 25 why didn't you teach the people ton laon (τὸν λαὸν) 28 emperors. Mamzer, rebels (he said). And when in Hebrew for "bastard," these things before, but, as you Constantinople the Greens appears as a colorful term of Jewish said, you did not want to hear dragged Bonosos in the street, I opprobrium about Christ? dragged him with them with my throughout the whole heart like a Christian. But I Doctrina. JACOB answered and said: 27 On John Kroukis's attacked Christians like a pagan,29 Because, brothers, I was truly riot, arson, and thinking that I was serving God. execution see misled by the devil and I hated Chronicon Paschale sub For I was younger and strong in Christ, not ever wanting to hear anno 603. Midway, my body, just 24 years old, but Mese (Μεσή), refers to the prophecies about Christ. But I empty-headed and wherever I the main boulevard of even undertook to do bad things the city. saw or heard a fight I ran in. In 28 to the Christians. And when Bonosos was return for these evils, the Phocas's comes Phocas reigned in Constantinople, Orientis, who well-meaning God of my father I turned over Christians as Greens unsuccessfully put Abraham impeded me for my down a revolt of Jews to the Blues, and I smeared them in Antioch and whose 26 own good and, by force, as I said, as "Jews" and "mamzers."26 And Phocas seized career ended control of the eastern they made me become a Christian. when the Greens under Kroukis violently with empire from Maurice And God put it into my heart to Phocas's deposition in burned the Midway and did in 602 (see below). 609. "Greens" and "Blues" pore over the holy Scriptures. And 29 ethnisti (ἐθνιστὶ);

83 of 210 84 of 210 I found truly that he is Christ, the Jacob compares Christians, and how many himself to earlier one who came under Caesar pagan persecutors of Christians you killed in Pylai and Augustus, who was born in Christians. across the way in Pythia and in Bethlehem of Judea from Saint Cyzicus and in Charax and in Mary, daughter of Joachim, from Aegae and in Ptolemaïs? And I'll 30 the tribe of Judah. tell them and they will kill you!30 Butcher's Row is ta Makellou, Déroche's correction for ta 41. ONE OF THOSE FROM THE ON MARY'S JACOB answered and said: By the DESCENT FROM Markellou ("Marcellus CIRCUMCISION, BY THE NAME JUDAH name of the highest God, I never Quarter"). The Julian killed anyone, except I dragged Port was where, OF ISAAC, answered and said according to the with anger: Now really, you are Bonosos in the street with the Chronicon Paschale, not showing that Mary is out of Christians. I inflicted many Bonosos was executed (see above). Judah, but you are mistaken and wounds on the Christians, Pylai (present-day you mislead everybody, and I thinking I was serving the God of Yalova), Cyzicus, Israel. Charax, and Aegae don't believe you! are all cities on the southern coast of the JACOB answered and said: Now [133] THOSE FROM THE Sea of Marmara. really, always our people the Jews CIRCUMCISION answered and Ptolemaïs, on the Palestinian coast, 31 have been hard-hearted and said to Isaac: Mate, calm down features heavily in the disbelieving, fighting God. Now, if and don't get angry. Let him show biographies of Jacob and Justus. the Christians should hear of this, us what he knows about Mary, Presumably, Isaac wouldn't they burn you up? whether she's a daughter of knows the details of David. Jacob's past from his ISAAC answered and said: I think own family connections (we you won't ever say anything bad ISAAC answered and said: By the know his cousins still about me to the Christians. Since, great name of the God who spoke reside in the East). 31 anthrōpe miserable and wretched Jacob, to Moses, if you show me that (ἄνθρωπε), a familiar, don't I know what you did at Saint Mary, from whom Christ and sometimes Butcher's Row and at the Julian was born, was out of Judah then I condescending, form of address used port in Constantinople to the shall no longer Judaize. For as the throughout the

85 of 210 86 of 210 Lord lives, this has been a great Doctrina. entrusted with Mary, is a son of stumbling block for me, that no Judah. For having pored over very one can show that Saint Mary is thoroughly the holy Scriptures out of David. And the Gospel and the apocrypha, I found that according to Matthew begins from Joseph is out of the seed of David Abraham until Joseph, but does and Judah, and God's curse upon not go until Saint Mary. whoever doesn't say Joseph is of David's seed. But I have not THOSE FROM THE discovered that Mary is out of CIRCUMCISION answered and David. said to Jacob: Mr. Jacob, don't hold a grudge, for even if we fight on JACOB answered and said: Really, account of belief, lift us up as our I don't blame you, Mr. Isaac, for brother and prove to us that Saint asking where Saint Mary is from. 33 Mary is out of David. For if you For some Jews took foreign33 alloethneis (ἀλλοεθνεῖς) don't prove it, many will have this wives, and I myself was extremely as a stumbling block, because scandalized. But the God of our Christ is not out of David, just as fathers Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, the law and prophets said. who reveals mysteries, sent a certain Jew to Ptolemaïs and he 42. JACOB answered and said to recounted the genealogy of Saint 32 them: Does Master32 Isaac agree Here Jacob uses the more formal kurios Mary. He said, mocking, that she that Joseph is the son of Abraham, rather than the is of Judah. That Jew was a great our Father, according to the flesh, typical kuris used teacher of the law from Tiberias, throughout. just as the Christians' gospel says? and he said: "Why do the Christians make such a big deal ISAAC answered and said: Yes, I about Mary? She is a daughter of do really know precisely that the 34 David, not the mother of God!34 Theotokos Gospel according to Matthew tells (θεοτόκος), literally For Mary is a woman, she's the the truth, that Joseph, who was "bearer of God," an

87 of 210 88 of 210 daughter of Joachim, her mother is honorific affirmed for Mary: both his father Panther and fatherhood of Joseph Mary in the fifth allows the Doctrina to Anne. Joachim is the son of century. his [Panther's] brother Melchi, harmonize the Panther, Panther was the brother who were sons of Levi, were genealogy of Matt of Melchi, as our Jewish tradition relatives of Joachim, just as the 1:16, where his father is Jacob, with Luke of Tiberias has it, from the seed of attentive mind tracking from the 3:23, where his father Nathan the son of David out of the Hebrew traditions establishes by is Heli. seed of Judah. Melchi is the son of succession. With the result that Levi. [135] When Mathan, Jacob's Mary, daughter of Joachim son of father, died, he [Melchi] married Panther brother of Melchi, given the wife of Mathan, who was a to Joseph, according to the two widow, the mother of Jacob, who patriarchs Nathan and Solomon came along with his own mother related to David on his father's to Melchi the brother of Panther, side, but on his mother's from the father of Joachim. When Heli, first cousin of her father Melchi begat Heli from the mother Joachim out of a natural kinship of Jacob, there were two, Jacob (of Levi). So don't let the and Heli, brothers from the same Christians think that Mary is from mother, but with different fathers. heaven!" I heard these things from When Heli passed away childless the teacher of the law, before God! after getting married, Jacob was The Jew said these things required according to the law to disparagingly, but I glorified God marry the wife of his brother Heli, who reveals hidden things. But in order to "establish the seed of his the gospel speaks the truth when brother" (cf. Lev 18:16), and so he it says Mary is the relative of begat a child from the wife of his Elizabeth, for the tribes of Judah brother Heli, called Joseph. This and Levi have been mixed 36 Joseph was the natural offspring together.36 Jacob's Tiberian genealogy of Jesus of Jacob, but legally the child of builds on earlier 35 Heli.35 Now Joachim, the father of This dual AND ISAAC answered and said attempts to show

89 of 210 90 of 210 to those listening from the Jesus's Davidic what we spoke about. descent: Eusebius, circumcision: Really, brothers, I do Historia ecclesiastica [137] And we stopped and they all JOSEPH KEEPS A not have anything to say to these 1.7 (citing Julius SECRET RECORD things: and if anyone henceforth Africanus), narrates a left in peace on that day, as they similar account. does not say that Saint Mary is out did every other day. But I Joseph of the root of Jesse, that is, of —before God!— being uncertain Judah, let him be cursed! about believing in Christ, I wished—even though I swore 43. AND AGAIN ISAAC said: Mr. with the others not to write Jacob, I wanted at this time to say anything down—with God something to you. I'm afraid that forgiving, to keep a record in you will get angry and hand me secret of all these things which over to the Christians and they Jacob and those from the will burn me in truth. circumcision discussed with each other. And through my son AND JACOB said: By the God of Simeon, through tablets and Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob our papers, I had him note down fathers, I shall never say anything exchange by exchange, going out bad against my brothers from the through a window in a house next Hebrews. This is why we have door where I had hidden my son sworn to each other that no one Simeon, and we kept a record. will write these things down and Very often Isaac said to me: "Why show them to the Christians. But are you going out all the time?" this is why also we have taken the And I said: "Forgive me, because I 37 caution to sit together in a hidden have a violent discharge37 and I biasmous house, so no one will know, except (βιασµοὺς), i.e., am afflicted." But I kept the record diarrhea. God alone, but even those things so that I might see whether I was we say will pass away and be misled when I was baptized and forgotten, and we shall not know became a Christian.

91 of 210 92 of 210 the flesh: "The Lord said to me: You are my Son, today I have begotten BOOK II you. Ask me and I shall give you 1. And after two days they THAT CHRIST IS nations as your inheritance and as THE SON OF GOD. gathered altogether AND THEY Second meeting. your possession the ends of the earth" said to Jacob: Mr. Jacob, Christians (Ps 2:7-8). And through Chronicles are mistaken when they say that God says: "I shall prepare his Christ is the Son of God. For God kingdom, and he will build my house. would not get married and have a And I shall restore his throne for son! It is useful to say that Christ eternity. I shall be for him as a father is the Anointed One and Savior and he will be for me as a Son. I shall and Redeemer, but not Son of not withdraw my mercy from him" (1 God. Chron 17:11-13) and again: "He will be for me as a Son, and I shall be for JACOB answered and said: Really, him as a Father, and I shall restore his my fathers and brothers, I too throne in Israel for eternity" (1 used to think this way, and I wept Chron 22:10). a lot concerning the subject of this affliction, for many days and THEODORE answered and said: I nights calling upon God to clarify think, Mr. Jacob, you were misled it for me. And I saw in a vision a when you saw the vision. For the man wearing a white cloak, saying prophets were talking about to me: Why are you scandalized to Solomon. call Christ God's Son? Didn't God through David say: "Out of my [139] JACOB answered and said: I was not misled. "Before the womb I begat you before the morningstar I begat you" means morningstar" (Ps 109 [110]:3)? And before the creation of the world, again Christ through David says concerning his birth according to and "I shall restore his throne for

93 of 210 94 of 210 38 eternity" means eternally. Solomon God.38 Here, unusually, Jacob introduces a didn't exist before light, nor is his new topic for throne for eternity. After reigning THOSE FROM THE discussion instead of for forty years he heard the divine CIRCUMCISION answered and being prompted by questions from his voice through the prophet: " I shall said: How can you demonstrate interlocutors. indeed break your kingdom" (1 Kgs that? 11:11), and having done JACOB said: Since we wickedness before the Lord he transgressed against God, he took died. And David says: "God, give the priesthood away from us. In 1 your judgment to the king and your Kings he said: "A man of God came righteousness to the son of the king"; before Eli and said: Thus says the and again: "Before the sun his name Lord: I made a revelation of myself endures and before the moon, before your father's house, when they generation upon generation" (Ps 71 were enslaved to Pharaoh in Egypt. [72]:1, 17, 5). And Hosea says: And I chose the house of your father, "Out of Egypt I called my Son" (Hos out of all the tribes of Israel, to be my 11:1). And again the prophecy priests, to ascend into my sanctuary says, as out of Christ: "Before all the and offer incense and raise up the hills he begat me" and again: "When ephod. And I gave your father's house he prepared heaven I was present with all the burnt offerings of the children him" (Prov 8:25, 27). of Israel as meat. And so why have THEODORE answered and said: you looked at my incense with a As the Lord lives, you have shameless eye, and glorified your sons demonstrated correctly, and the above me, to bless yourself with the faith of the Christians is great. first fruit of every sacrifice in Israel before me? This is why the Lord God 2. JACOB said: But also our Jewish THAT THE JEWISH of Israel said: I said: your house and PRIESTHOOD HAD priesthood has been cast away by ENDED your father's house will go forth

95 of 210 96 of 210 before me forever. But now the Lord left over in your house will come to says: None at all but the ones who venerate him with a silver obol, have glorified me shall I glorify; and saying: Admit me into a single one of the one denying me I shall make the priesthoods to eat bread" (1 Sam dishonored. Behold days are coming 2:35-36). And again the Lord says and I shall utterly destroy your seed to Samuel: "See I shall effect your and the seed of your father's house, words in Israel, such that both the 39 and there will be no elder39 for you presubteros ears of everyone who hears will ring. (πρεσβύτερος), before me all of your days. And I shall literally "venerable On that day I shall rouse up all those destroy a man for you before my elder," but also things, as many as I pronounced sanctuary, that their eyes fail and commonly used for against his house, I shall begin and I Christian priests their souls rush away. And everyone shall end. And I have announced to left over in your house will fall by the him that I am having revenge upon sword of men. And this sign for you his house forever in the transgressions will come upon your sons, Ophni and of his sons, which I know, that his Phineas, they will both die in a single sons, speaking evil of God, have also day" (1 Sam 2:27-34). See then, my committed fornication with women brothers, how he was going to and he has not rebuked them. And not wipe out Judaizing at the right in this way did I swear to the house of time and "the sevenfold light" would Eli, that the injustice of the house of come, which Isaiah spoke of, Eli will be atoned in incense and in which is the coming of Christ. sacrifices forever" (1 Sam 3:11-14). [141] For the holy Scripture straightaway continues, saying: THEY ALL answered and said: "And I shall raise up for me a faithful Really you speak the truth, Mr. priest, who will do everything in my Jacob. This is why, through David, heart and in my soul and I shall build he said, the priests have been for him a faithful house and he will go slain. before me all of his days, and the one

97 of 210 98 of 210 powers of the cherubim and the 3. ISAAC answered and said: But ON THE WORSHIP OF THE TRINITY seraphim say without cease: "Holy, bear with me once more and tell holy, holy, Lord Sabaoth" (Isa 6:3). us if it is right for the Trinity to be For the Lord is one, since there is a worshiped as the Christians single divinity of the Father and of worship. the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Abraham welcomed three angels, JACOB answered and said: Mr. but he imparted to the angels a Isaac, the holy law and the single lordship of equal honor, prophets proclaim the Trinity. For saying: "Lord, if I have found grace it says in the law: "Let us make before you" and so forth (Gen 18:3) humankind according to our image" And Sirach says: "I called upon the (Gen 1:26). It is clear that the Lord, Father of my Lord" (Sir 51:10). Father was speaking with the Son. And in Genesis it says: "Spirit of And Job says: "The Spirit of the Lord God was borne upon the water" (Gen that made me" (Job 33:4); and again 1:2); and again, "The Lord rained Moses says: "The Lord your God is down fire and brimstone from the one Lord" (Deut 6:4), since there is Lord upon Sodom" (Gen 19:24). one divinity of God and of his Likewise also through Isaiah: Word and of the Holy Spirit. And "They provoked the Holy Spirit and again he says through Moses: "I he turned to them in hatred" (Isa am the God of Abraham and the God 63:10). Taking three rods and of Isaac and the God of Jacob" (Ex 3:6; casting them in the water Jacob Matt 22:32) and he does not say: "I watered the flocks of Laban (cf. am the God of Abraham," so that Gen 30:36-38). For the baptism of the Word and his Spirit doesn't go Christ in the triple naming of the unindicated. But he has indicated [143] Father and the Son and the three times the triple naming of Holy Spirit waters and saves the the single divinity. Also the holy rational flocks of God, humans,

99 of 210 100 of 210 just as God says through Ezekiel: holiness of the triple naming of "Behold I seek out and I review my the Father and the Son and the flocks; and they know that I am the Holy Spirit on the holy baptism, Lord their God" (Ezek 34:11, 15); and the cross, and the parts of and again, "Let us walk on this path Christ, and the heavenly light for three days in the wilderness, to predicted sanctifying the baptized. sacrifice to the Lord our God" (Ex Three times a day Daniel, opening 8:23). For the holy Trinity led our the windows of his house and fathers out of Egypt and he praying, obtained his request (Dan [Moses] said: "Let us sing to the 6:10), teaching the mystery of the Lord, for he has been honorably holy Trinity, that equal honor and glorified" (Ex 15:1). And David glory and worship are ascribed to says: "He has sent his Word and he God and to his Word and to his saved them" (Ps 106 [107]:20); and Holy Spirit. For the holy Trinity again, "He sent his Spirit, and the sea created all things. For he says, as I covered them" and again "And said before, "Let us make humankind through the Spirit of your anger the according to our image" and again: water parted" (Ex 15:10, 8). After "You will send out your Spirit and fasting for three days and three they will be created" (Ps 103 nights the Ninevites were saved, a [104]:30); and again, "By the Word prediction of worshiping the holy of the Lord the heavens were made Trinity and being saved (Jonah firm, and by the Spirit of his mouth 3:5-8). Three times Elijah poured all of their power" (Ps 32 [33]:6). water on the kindling and on the parts of the bull and brought 4. And Job says: "The Lord lives, down fire from heaven on them (1 who judges me in this way, and the Kgs 18:33-35). The triple water and almighty who embittered my soul, the kindling and the parts of the and the divine Spirit passing through bull and the heavenly fire are the my nostrils" (Job 27:2, 3). By saying

101 of 210 102 of 210 "Lord" and "Almighty" and enemies beneath your feet" (Ps 109 "divine Spirit" he has indicated the [110]:1); and again, "Your good holy Trinity. And David in Psalm spirit will lead me into a straight 49 says: "Offer to God a sacrifice of land" (Ps 142 [143]:10). And again praise and sing to the most high your in Psalm 17 he says: "The Lord lives, prayers, and call upon me on the day and God is blessed, and may the God of your affliction" (Ps 49 [50]:14, of my salvation be exalted" (Ps 17 15)—you see how the holy Trinity [18]:47). is proclaimed?—and in Psalm 26: "My heart said to you: I shall seek the ALL THOSE FROM THE Lord; my countenance has sought you CIRCUMCISION answered, crying out, your countenance, Lord, I shall out and saying: Really this is the seek" (Ps 26 [27]:8). And Zechariah way of life, and all those taking as if in the person of Christ says: hold of it go into life, while those "Rejoice and be of good cheer, leaving it behind go into death daughter of Zion, for I am coming and and endless punishment. For the I shall make camp in your midst, says law and the prophets proclaim the the Lord. And on that day many holy Trinity. For we recognize God nations will seek refuge before the almighty and the Word of God, Lord" (Zech 2:14-15); and again: "I which is upon the prophets, and shall pour out upon the house of the holy Spirit! David the Spirit of grace and mercies" 5. I, JOSEPH, answered, who was (Zech 12:10). And again Zechariah making a record of these things says as if from Christ: "The Lord and marking them down, and I said: The Lord will rebuke you, devil" said to them: Why don't we (Zech 3:2); and [145] again: "but in dissolve the oath which we swore, my Spirit" (Zech 4:6). And David that the Christians would not says: "The Lord said to my Lord: Sit learn [about our meeting]? at my right hand, until I set your

103 of 210 104 of 210 Christ. For Christians exile and Doctrina to describe AND JACOB said: No, brothers, these baptized Jews. anathematize bishops and Déroche translated it no one should reveal anything to patriarchs who deviate a little bit. as "ex-Juifs," but I am the Christians, because they guard less certain the phrase a great and precise and holy faith 6. THOSE FROM THE intends such finality. ON CHRIST'S of orthodox teachings. Besides CIRCUMCISION answered and COMING saying that the Son and the Holy said: You teach us well, father, but 40 Spirit are of one substance40 with homoousion make us strong and joyful out of (ὁµοούσιον), the the Father, they also possess other technical term for the the prophets, bringing to light for 43 incredible41 and invaluable identity of the us further proof-texts43 concerning marturias persons of the Trinity (µαρτυρίας) teachings which we have not yet Christ's coming. formalized in the received: what if they Nicene Creed. Jacob anathematize us as heretics? For does not explain this JACOB answered and said: Isaiah theological term, as if from the Father says: "Behold I God poured out his Spirit upon all although he does the flesh of the nations, just as reveal later (in Book put in Zion, says the Lord, a stone as V) how he came to be God said through the prophet Joel an obstacle and a rock as a stumbling familiar with its (cf. Joel 2:28 [3:1]), and they meaning long before block, and everyone who believes in his baptism. him will not be dishonored forever" believe correctly, as it is written. 41 paradoxa (Isa 28:16). Now the obstacle stone For God says through Isaiah: (παράδοξα) "Those enslaved to me will be called and the stumbling rock [147] was by a new name, which will be blessed Christ for us Jews who didn't upon the earth. For they will bless the believe in Christ, just as also Job true God. And those swearing will says concerning those who didn't swear by the true God. For they will believe in and crucified Christ: forget their first affliction" (Isa "The Lord will not save the impious, 65:15-16)—that is, the diabolical since they didn't want to know the error of empty idols. But we who Lord" (Job 36:12). And Isaiah 42 are from the Jews42 have not yet apo Ioudaiōn (ἀπὸ likewise says about those Ἰουδαίων), a phrase crucifying: "The counsel of your learned the basics of the faith of used frequently in the

105 of 210 106 of 210 spirit was in vain" (Isa 33:11); and and in body, and "the tongues" of again: "You took counsel that wasn't people "which hesitate," which were through me and you made a plan that swearing at that time by vain was not through my Spirit" (Isa idols, they have learned to speak 30:1). And again Isaiah says: "They of peace about Christ. For Christ is have diverted the righteous one peace and salvation for those who among the unjust" (Isa 29:21). And believe in him. For God says Hosea says about those who do through Isaiah about the faithful: not believe: "God will reject them, "I am the Lord God, I shall listen to because they did not listen to him and them, the God of Israel, and I shall not they will be wanderers among the leave them behind, but I shall lead nations" (Hos 9:17). For we rivers up the mountains and springs committed an offense against in the midst of their plains, and I shall Christ in our disbelief for 600 make the desert into pools of water years and we are trampled and I shall set their parched land in underfoot by all the nations and canals" (Isa 41:17-18). the demons, since we are in a captivity of soul and body. About 7. And again God says through those who believe in Christ Isaiah Isaiah, so no one would Judaize says: "Behold, the Lord comes with after Christ's coming, but instead strength" (Isa 40:10); and again, would be baptized: "Do not "On that day the deaf will hear the remember the former things and do words of the book, and the eyes of the not take account of the ancient ones; blind which are in darkness and for behold I make all things new, which are in gloom will see. And the which will rise up now, and you shall tongues that hesitate will learn to know them. And I shall make a path speak of peace" (Isa 29:18, 24). For, in the wilderness and rivers in the really, in truth [he has healed] the waterless place. The beasts of the field deaf and all those weak in soul will bless me" (Isa 43:18-20); and

107 of 210 108 of 210 again, "I myself am speaking heavens recount the glory of God" (Ps righteousness, pronouncing truth; be 18 [19]:1). And again Isaiah says gathered and come forth, take counsel about Christ: "My God is great, he together you who are saved" "I am will not pass me by, the Lord is our God, and there is no other beside me; judge, the Lord is our leader, the Lord righteous one and savior, there is no is our King, the Lord is our Savior" one outside me. Turn to me and you (Isa 33:22); and again: "He will will be saved, from the end of the come and he will save us" (Isa 35:4). earth" (Isa 45:19-22). Again Moses And again Isaiah says about says: "Let my saying be anticipated, Christ: "In the way the lion or the cub like rain, and may my words fall will roar at the prey which he takes down like dew, like showers [149] on and he cries out at it until the the grass and like snowfall on the mountains are filled with his voice pasture" (Deut 32:2). And again and the crowd is overcome from his through Isaiah he says to Christ: anger and is terrified, just so the Lord "Do not fear because you have been Sabaoth will come down to wage war dishonored, nor turn away because on Mount Zion and on his you have been upbraided" (Isa 54:4); mountains: like a bird in flight, so the and again, "I live, says the Lord, you Lord Sabaoth will protect Jerusalem, shall wear them all like a cloak" (Isa he will protect and propitiate and 49:18)—he's saying this on account preserve and shield and save" (Isa of the flesh. And Zechariah says: 31:4, 5). And again Isaiah says: "The Lord will save them on that day, "Who among you fears the Lord? Let his people as the flocks," also about him listen to the voice of his child" the apostles of Christ: "So the holy (Isa 50:10). And again about the stones are rolled along on his earth, new law of grace of the holy because if anything is good and right gospels of Christ God says it is his" (Zech 9:16, 17). And David through Isaiah: "Hear, my people says about the apostles: "The and kings hearken to me: for a law

109 of 210 110 of 210 will go out from me and my judgment heard you and on the day of salvation as a light to the nations. Quickly my I helped you, and I formed you and I righteousness approaches and will go gave you as a covenant of the nations, forth as my saving light, and in my to establish the earth and receive the arm the nations will place their hope" bereft inheritance, to say to those in (Isa 51:4-5). And again Isaiah says [151] bondage: Go forth, and to those about Christ: "The Lord will uncover in darkness: Be revealed" (Isa 49:6-9). his holy arm before all the nations, And again through Isaiah: "And and all the ends of the world will see your soul will be saved among the the salvation which is from our God" good people, and I shall make with (Isa 52:10). And again the highest you an eternal covenant, holy and God says to Christ through Isaiah: faithful, of David. Behold I have given "It is great for you to be called my him as a witness among the nations, child, to set up the tribes of Jacob and leading and presiding over the to return the scattering of Israel. nations. Behold the nations who did Behold I have given you as a covenant not know you will call upon you, of the people, as a light of the nations, peoples who did not believe in you for you to be the salvation unto the will seek refuge in you" (Isa 55:3-5). ends of the earth. Thus says the Lord, who delivered you, the God of Israel: 8. And again Isaiah says: "Seek God Sanctify the one who diminishes his and when you find him call upon soul, who is abhorred by" Pilate and him"; and again: "For he will remit the soldiers, "those enslaved to the your many sins: for my counsels are leaders of the nations. Kings will see not like your counsels, nor are your him and leaders will rise up and ways like my ways, says the Lord" venerate him on account of the Lord, (Isa 55:6, 7-8); and again: "These because he is faithful, the holy one of things says the Lord: Guard judgment Israel, and he has chosen you. Thus and make righteousness: for the says the Lord: At the appointed time I coming of my salvation is near and

111 of 210 112 of 210 the unveiling of my mercy"; and and again "Hear me and eat good again: "For my house will be called a things, and your soul will revel in house of prayer for all the nations" good things" (Isa 55:1, 2). (Isa 56:1, 7). And again Isaiah says about Christ: "No elder or angel but THOSE FROM THE God himself when he came saved CIRCUMCISION answered and them" (Isa 63:9); and again: "The said: Really this is true and Christ one walking in righteousness, is the Son of God, who was born speaking in a straight path, hating from Saint Mary. transgression and injustice, and And when evening came they left, shaking off his hands from bribes: giving thanks to God with great holding down his ears so as not to thanks. But I, Joseph, as before hear the judgment of unrighteous God, as I was able, I recorded in blood, closing his eyes, lest he see evil; secret from them with my son he will live in a lofty cave of strong Symeon. rock, bread will be given to him and his water assured. You will see the king with glory" (Isa 33:15-17). And again about the holy baptism of BOOK III Christ through Isaiah God says: "I [153] 1. After five days Justus JUSTUS, AN am the Lord God, I shall listen to UNBAPTIZED JEW, them, the God of Israel, and I shall not came, an unbaptized Jew, from the ARRIVES leave them behind, but I shall lead East, a first cousin of Isaac, and rivers up the mountains and springs Isaac received him into his house. in the midst of their plains, and I shall AND HE reproached Isaac, make the desert into pools of water saying: You should not have been and I shall set their parched land in baptized, for Christ hasn't come canals" (Isa 41:17-18). And again: yet. "You who thirst proceed to the water"

113 of 210 114 of 210 misled, we're in a bad way. Justus AND ISAAC said to him: Mr. has disturbed all those from the Justus, really I was greatly Jews, and we have a lot of distress afflicted when I was baptized and and despondency. I fell into despair. But a certain person was found from the Jews 2. And after a time Jacob came into JACOB REASSURES THOSE FROM THE by the name of Jacob, and I think the place where we gathered and CIRCUMCISION he speaks from the Holy Spirit, sent and called for those who had Third Meeting and he greatly reassured us from been coming and pondering the the law and the prophets that the holy Scriptures and, as he said, one who came was Christ. were fond of God. Coming with a lot of grief THEY said among AND JUSTUS said: Don't I know themselves: It's too bad we didn't 44 Jacob, the son of Thanuma,44 a θανουµᾶ, a Greek transliteration of the write down the fountain of things highwayman and a thief, the one Aramaic Tanḥuma, the that gushed from Jacob's mouth, who committed so many bad acts only non-biblical, so Justus might read them. In all against the Christians under the non-Greek name of a Jew in the Doctrina. likelihood he would learn the Emperor Phocas and Bonosos? This Greek form whole truth, whether we were Show him to me, and I shall prove appears in a handful of late antique misled upon being baptized or that he is a deceiver who is inscriptions. saved, as Mr. Jacob says. fighting against God, and I shall prove that those who have been I, JOSEPH, answered and I said to baptized have been misled. them: As before God, I and my son Symeon have kept a record of And those of us from the them; but keep it secret and for circumcision heard and we were now don’t say anything to shaken and dejected. AND anybody. THEODORE said: Mr. Joseph, I think we're in a bad way. For if And those from the circumcision Justus proves that Jacob has been came in before Jacob, sullen and

115 of 210 116 of 210 aggrieved. AND JACOB said to him, in order that if God should them: What's the matter with you? put something to him he might I notice that you are sullen. teach us.

AND ISAAC said: Yes, we are And Isaac set out and found him really in great distress. For my first studying up against Christ and cousin Justus came from the East against the Jews who had been and he says that we have been baptized and taking notes, misled by being baptized. For because, HE said: They have been Christ has not yet come. deceived, for Christ has not yet come. JACOB answered and said to them: Oh, I am familiar with Mr. AND ISAAC said to him: Mr. Justus and his brother Little Justus, Mr. Jacob wishes to pay his 45 Abraham45 and their father, Mr. Jacob calls Justus's respects to you. brother Abraamios Samuel, who are well versed in (Ἀβραάµιος), but ND USTUS said to him: I don't holy Scriptures. And I was taught Justus later (Doctrina A J many things by their father, V.16) calls him want to see him; what if, at some Abraamēs point, I insult him and the blessed Samuel. For I learned (Ἀβραάµης). Both are about the prophets from him, and declinable forms of Christians learn about it and the biblical name rough me up? Now if I were in I came to know Christ. [155] But I Abraham, but I have 46 Sykamina or Ptolemaïs,46 I would Towns on the beseech you: seek him out and decided Jacob here is Palestinian coast with bring him and let him be useful to using a diminutive. prove from the law and the significant Jewish us, because he is scriptural and a prophets that Christ has not yet populations in the come, and it is not yet the time of seventh century and great teacher. the scene of most of baptism. Justus's and Jacob's ISAAC answered and said: If you youthful recollections (see below). wish, I'll bring him to you. ISAAC answered and said: Don't be afraid because of this. We have JACOB said: Be so kind as to bring sworn to each other that the

117 of 210 118 of 210 Christians won't learn [about our meetings] and so he teaches us in And Isaac went and spoke to a hidden place. For Jacob doesn't Jacob. want the Christians to learn about 3. Now Justus did not sleep all FIRST it. And he is very afraid of them CONFRONTATION night, searching the holy and trembles and doesn't want the OF JUSTUS AND Scriptures and taking notes JACOB Christians to learn about it at all. against those who were baptized Fourth Meeting on how they were misled. And AND JUSTUS said: Let's go and I shall show you that you have been from early on the fifth day misled upon being baptized and [Thursday] they gathered, Jacob that Jacob is a devil and a great and the rest in the house, where deceiver and swindler. they always showed up. And Justus came with Isaac, holding AND ISAAC said to him: Mr. papers, to do battle. Justus, it's already the tenth hour and it's evening. But if you insist, JACOB looked at him and said: I'll go and speak to Mr. Jacob this Rightly has God brought my evening and tomorrow we shall father and teacher, Mr. Justus, who show up at that hidden place, in has fear of God: please, sit. order that even if you cry out the Sitting, JUSTUS said: Wrongly Christians won't learn of it, or have I found you, my children and anyone else, no one but God and students, who have no fear of those of us who usually show up God, but are apostates from God. and who fear God and keep the secret. JACOB answered and said: Calm down, Mr. Justus! AND Justus said: That sounds all right. JUSTUS said: Really I should not calm down, because

119 of 210 120 of 210 you—garbage! apostate! from Saint Mary under Caesar abomination of the Jews!— Augustus, and the one not through your fraud you have accepting Christ or believing in come to be seen as a teacher. him is apostate from God and a mamzer and cursed. [157] JACOB answered and said: Really you speak the truth because 4. JUSTUS answered and said: You I was at one time garbage and insult me, wretched Jacob! Wasn't apostate and abomination and my father, blessed Samuel, your blind and fraudulent, not knowing teacher in the holy Scriptures? the highest God. In this you have spoken truth and have JACOB answered and said: I do prophesied. But he is the highest, not insult you, certainly not. But the God of Abraham and Isaac the Holy Spirit "who spoke through 47 the prophets"47 insults and curses Jacob again cites and Jacob and Moses and of the the Nicene Creed. prophets, who makes all things for those who do not accept Christ. the best, who stood in my way; At that point JUSTUS rose up with and I was overtaken and I was anger and threw his turban baptized and I became a Christian around Jacob's neck and said: All by force. And I wailed and I right, I am choking you if you lamented and I fasted a lot and I can't prove from the holy searched the holy Scriptures and I Scriptures that those of us who knew out of the holy Scriptures weren't baptized have been and I was greatly assured that the misled. one proclaimed by the law and the prophets, "coming in the name of the ISAAC AND THEODORE rose up Lord" (Ps 117 [118]:26) was Christ, and they said to Justus: Really, Mr. and no other except the one born Justus, this is not what teachers "in Bethlehem of Judea" (Mic 5:1) do!

121 of 210 122 of 210 And, taking notes day and night, I, Joseph, went out for a little bit he struggled in order that he and took notes with my son might prove that Christ had not Symeon. And JUSTUS said to me: yet come and it was not yet the Where do you go every second, time for holy baptism. mamzer? Do you want to hand me over to the Christians? All right, if [159] 5. And after seven days those Fifth Meeting you ever say anything against me from the circumcision were to the Christians, I'll have you all gathered and sent for Justus. And burned up and I'll say that you he came AND HE said to them: insulted Christ! You have been greatly misled in being baptized, and I shall prove it I, JOSEPH, answered and said: I right now. Jacob, misled and have a violent discharge and I am apostate from God, will say afflicted, Mr. Justus. Don't be against me whatever he can! upset because I go out. JACOB said: You know, Mr. Justus, ON THE REJECTION OF THE JEWS JUSTUS said: Grant me a single that it says in Hosea: "Go, take for week, in order that I might gather yourself a wife of fornication and my thoughts, and I shall prove children of fornication. For in that Christ has not yet come and it fornicating the land fornicates behind is not the time for holy baptism. the Lord's back. And he went and he married Gomer, the daughter of And they all left on that day. It Diblaim. And she conceived and bore was resolved that, after a week, him a son. And the Lord said to him: they would show up there again Call his name Jezreel. For in a little and again there would be a great while I shall avenge the blood of debate about belief and disbelief. Jezreel upon the house of Judah and I Isaac took Justus into his house shall end the kingdom of the house of and he gave him a separate room.

123 of 210 124 of 210 Israel. And it will be on that day I will establish for themselves a single shall eradicate the bow of Israel in the rule, and they will be raised up out of vale of Jezreel. And she conceived and the land because the day of Jezreel is she bore a daughter. And he said to great" (Hos 2:1-2). For Judah and him: Call her name Not Pitied. For I Israel and the nations believing in shall not continue to have pity on the Christ have a single ruler and house of Israel but in opposition I king, Christ. "Will be raised up out shall line up against them, says the of the land" means they will no Lord" (Hos 1:2-6); and again: "She longer have earthly and diabolical weaned Not Pitied and she conceived works but heavenly and yet again and bore a son. And he said: God-pleasing works. "The day of Call him Not My People, because you Jezreel is great" means the coming are not my people and I am not your of Christ which illuminates all God" (Hos 1:8-9). things out of the darkness of empty idolatry and leads to AND JUSTUS said: This is indeed knowledge of God. And again: how the Scripture shows the "Say to your brother: My people, and turning of God away from his to your sister: Pitied" (Hos 2:3). And people. again about those not believing in Christ and about the synagogue 6. AND AGAIN JACOB said: he said: "Your mother" "is not my Hosea said about those who, from wife and I am not her husband" (Hos disbelief, were going to believe in 2:4) And other bad things the God: "And it will be in that place, prophet says about the synagogue where it was said to them: You are not of unbelievers, until: "And no one my people, they will be called also will deliver her from my hand; for I sons of the living God. And the sons shall divert all of her celebrations." of Judah will be gathered and the sons "And I shall have vengeance upon her of Israel in the same place and they for the days of Baalim" (Hos 2:12-13,

125 of 210 126 of 210 15). See, Mr. Justus, the prophets heaven and the heaven will listen to speaks about the cessation of the earth and the earth will listen to keeping the Sabbath. the grain and the wine and the oil. And these things will hear Israel, About the call of the nations, the which is called the seed of God, and I new people, who are enslaved to shall sow it for myself upon the earth God as Isaiah [Hosea] says, or and I shall have pity on Not Pitied rather God through Isaiah and I shall say to Not My People: You [Hosea]: "And I shall make a are my people. And he will say: You covenant with them on that day, [161] are the Lord my God" (Hos 2:23-25); with the beasts and the birds of the he is talking about the new sky and with things that creep on the people, the Christians. For there earth. And bow and sword and war I will no longer be "famine upon the shall eradicate from the earth, and I land" "to hear the Word of the Lord" shall make you dwell upon hope. And (Amos 8:11). "For everything will be I shall betroth you to myself forever filled with knowing the Lord, as so and I shall betroth you to myself in much water covers the sea. And there righteousness and in judgment and in will be on that day the root of Jesse pity and in mercies. And I shall and the one rising up to rule the betroth you to myself in faith and you nations, in whom the nations will will know the Lord" (Hos 2:20-22). place their hope" (Isa 11:9-10). And Oh wonder, that God says: "You Hosea says: "The children of Israel will know the Lord"! He does not will return and they will seek the Lord say, "You will know me as the their God and David their king and Lord," but "You will know the Lord," they will be astounded at the Lord and as he's talking about Christ. For at his good things at the end of days" right away the holy Scripture (Hos 3:5). The prophet says these continues: "And it will be on that things about us, those who were day, says the Lord, I shall listen to the baptized from among the

127 of 210 128 of 210 Hebrews and who returned to through Hosea Christ says about God through Christ. For he is those who did not believe in him: Christ as God says through Hosea: "Casting I shall cast upon them my "They will rise up early toward me, net, and I shall bring them down like saying: Come and let us return to the birds from the sky. I shall discipline Lord our God. For he has struck and them at the rumor of their affliction. he will heal us, he will plug our Woe unto them, because they were wound and he will cure us after two turning away from me. They are days, and on the third days we shall wretched because they were not pious be raised up before him" (Hos 5:15). toward me. I [163] have redeemed And again Hosea says about the them, but they have spoken lies faithful: "Who is wise and will against me, and their hearts do not understand these things or who cry out to me" (Hos 7:12-14); and understands and will recognize those again: "They plotted wicked things things? For the ways of the Lord are against me" "for this they will be straight and righteous ones walk on handed over to the nations" (Hos them, but the impious stumble on 7:15, 8:10). them" (Hos 14:10). And about those who did not believe in 7. And Amos says: "For behold I Christ God says through Hosea: "I command and I scatter among all the have hated them on account of the nations the house of Israel, in the way wickedness of their habits. I shall cast that chaff is separated in the them out of my house and I shall not winnowing-fan, and no crumb will continue to love them. For if they have fall upon the earth, all the sinners of children, I shall slay the longings of my people will be killed by the sword" their wombs. God will destroy them, (Amos 9:9-10). And Isaiah says: because they did not listen to him, "My people has become captive and they will be wanderers among the because they did not know the Lord" nations" (Hos 9:15-17). And again (Isa 5:13). You see, brothers, that

129 of 210 130 of 210 God says through Isaiah: "My and righteousness has not accepted people has been captive because they them. While they await the light, did not know the Lord," that is, darkness has been upon them." "They Christ. From the time when Christ shall fall down at noontime as at came, the power of our Jewish midnight," "because truth has been army and priesthood has been consumed on their ways and they dissolved, and we have been were not able to come through the scattered abroad by the Romans straight way" (Isa 59:2-3, 6-10, 14). among the nations until this day. For since we did not believe in For Isaiah says about those who Christ, from peace and crucified Christ: "On account of righteousness and from the true your sins his countenance has turned light we have been darkened and away from you, to have no pity on we are in wretchedness in all the you. For your hands have become land. For if he were not Christ, the stained with blood, and your fingers one coming out of Mary, the in sins, your lips have uttered chosen one of God, who was transgression, and your tongue proclaimed by the law and the contrives injustice." "The works of prophets, our Jewish people transgression, the unrighteous work would have been glorified and is in their hands. Their feet run to exalted and reigning, as having wickedness, they are swift to pour out crucified and killed an opponent innocent blood, and their of God and a deceiver. But from considerations are those of thoughtless the time when our fathers people. Affliction and distress are on crucified Christ, from then until their paths, and they do not know the today we have been in destruction path of peace. For their paths on and dishonor, and God's anger at which they travel are twisted and they us has been worse than the do not know peace. This is why captivity in Babylon. For there judgment has been absent from them after seventy years God took pity

131 of 210 132 of 210 and called out his people and gave soul of the blessed Samuel, your 48 us the gift of the army of the father, tell me the truth.48 In an inversion of the first two books, in Maccabees and the land, and "A his discussions with prince out of Judah will not cease and JUSTUS answered and said: As the Justus Jacob poses the a ruler from his parts" (Gen 49:10) Lord lives, as much as I questions that comprehend, I shall not lie to you. structure the remained true. But from the time discussion. when Christ came, "the expectation For it is not necessary for me to lie. of the nations" (Gen 49:10), and the AND JACOB said: When does the nations accepted Christ, and the prophet Daniel say that the prophet who does not lie, our coming of Christ will come? father the righteous Jacob, has remained true and all of our rulers JUSTUS answered and said: After have fallen away and we have sixty-nine weeks and all prophecy been exiled from our land of Judea has ceased, and then after a time to every place. the coming of Hermolaos and the deceiving devil, and then the great [165] 8. JUSTUS answered and ON CHRIST'S COMING and brilliant and glorious day of said: I said to you, Mr. Jacob, that I Christ, the Son of Man, of which await Christ, the savior of the Daniel speaks. world. But it is clear to me that he has not yet come. Since we all JACOB answered and said: And know from the divine Scriptures so do you think there will be two that Christ comes in peace and advents? calm, unnoticed. For Scripture says: "The son of the king will JUSTUS said: Yes, as the Lord descend like rain on wool" (Ps 71 lives. For about the first Joel says: [72]:6, 1). "The sun will turn itself into darkness and the moon into blood, until the JACOB answered and said: By the great and brilliant day of the Lord

133 of 210 134 of 210 comes. And everyone who calls upon saw, which also he interpreted, for the name of the Lord will be saved" the head which is gold is the (Joel 3:4-5). And about the second kingdom of the Chaldeans and the coming of Christ Zephaniah says: breast and arms are the Persians "Because the day of the Lord which is and Medians and the third great is near" "and brilliant" and kingdom, the belly, is that of the "exceedingly swift" "and who will be Greeks of Alexander and the sufficient for it?" (Zeph 1:14, Joel fourth is of the Romans, the thighs 2:11). and the calves (cf. Dan 7:2-26, Dan 7:13, Dan 2:26-45). AND JACOB answered and said: ON DANIEL'S FOUR BEASTS So I also believe. Then: about the JACOB said: So then, Christ came beasts, of which Daniel the after sixty-nine weeks, and the prophet speaks, who are four, prophets have ceased to prophesy, what do you say, Mr. Justus, is the or not? prophet speaking the truth or not? JUSTUS answered: Yes, as the JUSTUS answered and said: Yes, Lord lives, and I do not lie. From as the Lord lives. Because the four the time that Christ came, no beasts about which Daniel speaks prophet has come, and I cannot are four kingdoms, and afterward lie. into ten horns, that is into ten [167] JACOB said: How does THAT ROME IS kings, and straightaway the small DIMINISHED horn is the devil, and Rhōmania seem to you? Does it straightaway "with clouds of stand as it was from the beginning 49 or has it diminished?49 Throughout this heaven" the Son of Man comes, the discussion, the judge of all humanity. And discussants use JUSTUS answered: Even if it has likewise is also the matter of the Rhōmania (Ῥωµανία) diminished a little, we hope that it for the Roman statue which Nebuchadnezzar will rise up again. Because it is Empire when they are interpreting it as the

135 of 210 136 of 210 necessary that Christ come first fourth beast of truth. For straightaway the Daniel's prophecy. while the fourth beast, that is prophet Zechariah goes on, Rhōmania, yet stands. saying: "Many peoples will come and many nations to seek out the […] Just as God says through countenance of the Lord Almighty in Isaiah: "May righteousness not be far Jerusalem to propitiate the off and I shall not delay the salvation countenance of the Lord" (Zech 8:22). which is from me" (Isa 46:13). And And we observe the nations Habakkuk says: "He shall rise up in believing in Christ and the fourth the evening on time. And if he should beast having fallen and torn apart be late, wait for him because the one by the nations, in order that the coming will arrive and he will not ten horns might prevail and take his time"; and again: Hermolaos might come, Satan, the "Everything will be filled with small horn, and in order that knowing the glory of the Lord God straightaway "they might be stirred […] because the day of the Lord is out of the mound of earth, some for near" (Hab 2:3, 14; Zeph 1:14). And eternal life, others for eternal Zechariah says: "These things says dishonor" (Dan 12:2). For really, Mr. the Lord Almighty: Behold the man, Justus, Christ truly is the one who his name is East, and he will rise up came under Caesar Augustus, from below him" "and he will sit upon who was born, just as Micah says, his throne" (Zech 6:12-13); and in Bethlehem from Saint Mary, again, "Be of great cheer, daughter of and just as Moses the righteous Zion: behold your king comes to you, one said in Numbers, blessed is he righteous and saving, mild and who blesses Christ and venerates having mounted a beast of burden" him and believes, because he is the (Zech 9:9). Word of God (cf. Num 24:9). Just as David says: "He sent his Word 9. JACOB said: Really this is the and he healed them" (Ps 106

137 of 210 138 of 210 [107]:20). Moses says: "Cursed is the time our fathers crucified Christ one who curses" Christ and doesn't until today the anger of God has believe in him (cf. Num 24:9). For extended against those Jews who about those who don't believe in did not believe in Christ. For also Christ Zechariah says: "the Lord Micah says about those who God Almighty sent through his Spirit crucified Christ: "Committing evil into the hands of the prophets before, acts in their beds, together by day and they did not listen to them. And they finish them, they raise their the anger was great from the Lord hands to God" (Mic 2:1). And again Almighty upon Israel. And in this God and the Father through way he said they didn't listen to him, Micah say to Christ: "Rise up, crush just so it has been proclaimed: I shall them, because I shall put iron horns not listen to them, says the Lord on you and I shall put bronze armor Almighty" (Zech 7:12, 13). O on you and you will winnow out wisdom! For he says "they did not many peoples and you will raise up to listen" to my son, and "I shall not the Lord their multitude" (Mic 4:13); listen to them, says the Lord and again, "Listen for the Lord said: Almighty." He doesn't say: "They Rise up and judge before the did not listen to him and I have mountains and let the hills listen to not listened to them" but "I shall your voice. Listen, hills, to the not listen to them," those not judgment of the Lord and the gullies accepting Christ. For the Scripture and foundations of the earth. For the of the prophet continues [169] Lord has a judgment toward his straightaway saying: "I shall cast people and will converse with Israel" them among all the nations whom (Mic 6:1-2). You see, Mr. Justus, they do not know, and the land will be that Christ is God and human. As removed from them" (Zech 7:14). God the foundations of the earth And all these things have tremble at him while as a human happened to us Jews. From the he speaks with the Jews. And

139 of 210 140 of 210 these things happened and took mind might be sober for the place. divine Scriptures.

10. JUSTUS answered and said: 11. As they departed THE REST JUSTUS BEGINS TO BELIEVE Mr. Jacob, was the fourth beast so OF THOSE FROM THE great once? CIRCUMCISION said to Justus: What do you say, Mr. Justus, about JACOB answered and said: Yes, the things Jacob spoke of? really. For from the ocean, that is, from Scotland and Britain and JUSTUS said to them: As the Lord Spain and France and Italy and lives, it appears to me that he Greek and Thrace and until speaks the truth, and that he Antioch and Syria and Persia and recites the Scriptures by heart the entire East, and Egypt and from the Holy Spirit and that Africa and beyond Africa, stood Christ who has come is God and the boundaries of the Romans King of Israel. until today and the pillars of their emperors are visible through [171] THEY said to him: We wish bronze and marble. For all the you might read those words also nations were subject to the which he spoke to us before you Romans, by God's command; but came. today we observe that Rhōmania JUSTUS answered and said: By the is humbled. name of God, show me and from ISAAC answered and said: It's that I shall see if Jacob has been time for us to leave. misled.

And everyone left. And Jacob left THOSE FROM THE alone to his house. He fasted and CIRCUMCISION said: We swore kept many vigils, in order that his that no one would write it down.

141 of 210 142 of 210 But Joseph, one of us, without our knowing, took the trouble to write ISAAC AND JOSEPH said: Yes, as it down, as he says. before God, we bear witness that he held no book or paper, when he 51 Isaac took Justus into his house spoke all these things.51 Jacob's prodigious ability to recite long and he ate with him—for before chains of Scripture Justus had been horrified to eat JUSTUS said: I was amazed also at —taken for granted in with those who were the one who wrote, how was he other Jewish- able to make these notes? Christian baptized—and after they ate dialogues—is JUSTUS said to Isaac: Mr. Isaac, understood in the JOSEPH answered and said: Don’t Doctrina as a divine send for Mr. Joseph to come and to you remember, Mr. Justus, when gift. bring what he wrote from Jacob's you cried out every moment and mouth. you were disturbed and you said: And Isaac sent and brought "Where do you keep going out Joseph, and Joseph read these every second, mamzer?" things from the beginning to the 50 AND JUSTUS said: Yes, as the end.50 And JUSTUS was amazed, It's not clear why Joseph appears in the Lord lives, I remember, you speak saying: As the Lord lives, because third person in this the truth. my father Samuel, who taught section, and not as narrator. Are we him, never knew these things. But supposed to imagine JOSEPH said: As before God, my father said: "Really I think we this scene exists going out to my son Symeon I was Jews were mistaken. And I think outside of the "notes from the dialogue" able to record out of the mouth of there is no other Christ except the that comprise the rest Jacob and my brothers from the one who came, whom the of the Doctrina? circumcision. Christians worship." And really I Justus believe that the Spirit of 12. JUSTUS said: The highest God God is in Jacob. For, as you say, he knows that I speak the truth and I spoke all these things by heart. am not lying. For in Sykamina,

143 of 210 144 of 210 after the death of the emperor Sykamina mocked the priest52 as Maurice we were standing down foolish. And so I, Justus, by the by the house of Mr. Marianos, and name of the highest God, I was our Jewish leader expounded: residing there in Sykamina and I "Why do the Jews rejoice that the heard these things from the old 52 Emperor Maurice has died and priest and we considered him Here, and below at Doctrina IV.5, the Phocas has become emperor ridiculous. "leader" (prōtos, through blood? Really we are able πρῶτος) of the Jewish to see the diminishment of the Straightaway THE WIFE OF community is also identified as a "priest" Roman Empire. And if the fourth ISAAC AND HIS MOTHER- (hiereus, ἱερέυς). beast, that is, Rhōmania, is IN-LAW answered and said to diminished and split and crushed, Justus: Mr. Justus, quickly has that just as Daniel said, really nothing deceiver Jacob bewitched you! We else is happening except the ten hoped you would have been able fingers, the ten horns of the fourth to prove to us his error. beast, and then the small horn USTUS said: God's will be done. mutating all knowledge of God J and straightaway the By night and day Jacob called consummation of the world and upon God for the salvation of the resurrection of the dead. And Justus and those who were usually if this happens, [173] then we were present with him, as he confessed 53 mistaken not accepting Christ to us later.53 First person when he came. Before the narration returns. tribulation and the splitting of the fourth beast and the ten horns comes the one coming out of the BOOK FOUR root of Jesse, the Anointed One in the name of the Lord, the Lord 1. After a few days JUSTUS God." And the Jews residing in desired to see Jacob and said to

145 of 210 146 of 210 Isaac: Mr. Isaac, I have not seen JUSTUS spoke up and said: Mr. Jacob anywhere. Jacob, prove to me that Christ is the Anointed One. ISAAC said to him: Jacob studies the holy Scriptures while fasting 2. Jacob answered and said: God every day and keeps vigils by said through Jeremiah: "They will night and prays and calls upon not help you, saying: the Lord's God to forgive him for his Temple. But if you correct yourselves" transgressions, which he "and you do not oppress the proselyte committed against the Christians. and orphan and widow you do not And he does not come except shed the blood of innocents" "I shall when we want to meet with him. make you to dwell in that place. But For whenever despondency and if" you don't listen to me "I shall wicked thoughts overtake us, we remove you from my presence" (Jer meet with him in that place which 7:4-8, 15). And from the time our is hidden and he revives us and fathers shed Christ's blood, from makes us joyful. then until today we have been removed from our God, and the JUSTUS said: By the name of God, regulations have ceased. Just as tell him that I desire to see him. God says through Jeremiah: "My tent has suffered hardship, my AND ISAAC went in the evening curtains have been torn, for the and said to Jacob: Be present, Mr. leaders of my people did not know me" Jacob, and help us as usual. (Jer 10:20), "they are senseless and And early the next day Jacob came THAT CHRIST IS misunderstanding children. [175] THE ANOINTED Wise at doing bad things, they do not and those from the circumcision ONE with Justus to that house which Sixth Meeting know how to do the right thing" (Jer was hidden, where everyone 4:22). And again: "Even if Moses gathered. And after they sat stood in my presence, and Samuel, I

147 of 210 148 of 210 would not have pity on them" (Jer and rejoice on Mount Zion, and they 15:1). And until this point we have will come and they will be astounded not been pitied. And again at the good things of the Lord," and through Jeremiah God says to the again: "My people will be filled up faithless Jews: "Turn toward me, with my good things, says the Lord." dwelling place of Israel, says the Lord, And again Jeremiah says about the and I shall not hold fast my presence children destroyed by Herod (cf. from you, but I am merciful, says the Matt 2:18): "A voice was heard in Lord, and I shall not be angry at you Ramah, a lament and weeping and forever. But know your injustice, much mourning. Rachel crying over because you have been impious her children and she did not want to toward the Lord your God" (Jer be consoled, for they are not. These 3:12-13). God does not say: things says the Lord: let your voice "Because you have been impious leave off from weeping and your eyes against me, your God" but from tears, for this is the payment for "Because you have been impious your deeds" (Jer 38 [31]: 11-12, against the Lord your God," 14-16). For the payment is for speaking about Christ. For if we those who die on account of believe in Christ God will have Christ. And we know that Christ pity on us; if we do not believe, came and redeemed us from the 54 we shall never be pitied. error of idols,54 and the children An odd statement here about the Jews, were slaughtered by Herod in as earlier Jacob had 3. And again, because Christ is the Bethlehem. And really Christ who spoken of "the one who came, Jeremiah says came is truth just as God says nations" (gentiles) about the Jews who believe in being redeemed from through Jeremiah: "Behold the days the error of empty Christ: "The Lord has redeemed Jacob come, says the Lord, and I shall raise idols. and taken him out of the hands of up my good Word, which I have those mightier than he" "and they spoken upon my house of Israel and will come and they will make merry upon my house of Judah. In those

149 of 210 150 of 210 days and in that time I shall raise up Christ for eternity. And "a prince for David a righteous descendant, and from Judah and a leader will not fail he will make judgment and until the expectation of the nations righteousness in the land. In those comes" (Gen 49:10) speaks truly. days Judea will be saved and For the Jews who were worthy, a Jerusalem will settle, in trust. And large crowd, accepted Christ with this is the name which the Lord will the nations, and God tells the be called, Josedek, the Lord is our truth when he says: "I shall righteousness. For these things says establish for them a covenant with the the Lord: For David, a man sitting on beasts" (Hos 2:20), that is, the the throne over the house of Israel will nations. For those out of the Jews not be utterly destroyed" (Jer 23:5, 6; and the nations believing in Christ Jer 33:15-17). So then if Christ did have and hold a single faith. Those not come, the prophet lies. For we not wishing to believe in Christ Jews have fallen down into the but "preparing a table for the demon, underworld and we do not reign. they will all fall by slaughter" (Isa Let not God grant to us to say that 65:11, 12) and they will be in the prophet of God is a liar! But eternal destruction. For God said Jeremiah tells the truth. For until through Jeremiah: "My covenant Christ we Jews were ruling but will be disbanded, until there is no Christ coming out of David day or night, my covenant will be according to the flesh, who is disbanded which was with David, eternal God, he is the King of enslaved to me, that no son of his will Israel and of the whole world, reign" (Jer 33:20-21). And in truth never ceasing; Christ is called both Christ the son of David reigns as "Lord" of "righteousness" and "Good" God over the nations and over the "Word" of God. [177] Now those Jews who believed. Those Jews Jews who have accepted Christ who did not believe in Christ, just with the nations are ruled over by as the dregs of drained wine left in

151 of 210 152 of 210 the jug are dried and useless and the nations and over those Jews unsuitable, so also they will who believed, this is truth. Just as remain bereft, for Isaiah says: we said before, that Judaizing was "preparing a table for the demon," going to cease in its own time by that is, for Hermolaos the devil, command of God, in order that whom Daniel calls the small horn. also the prophets might tell the For the kingship out of David truth. Just as Jacob our father said: lasted until Joakim the king the "A ruler will not fail from Judah," son of Josiah, just as God says that is, Judaism will not fail, "until through Jeremiah the prophet: he comes," the awaited Christ (Gen "The Lord spoke unto Joakim, the 49:10). Just as also Isaiah says: "He King of Judah: He will have no one was dressed in righteousness like a sitting on the throne of David, and his breastplate and wore a helmet of dead body will be thrown out into the salvation on his head, and he wrapped heat of the day and into the frost of the himself in a cloak of vengeance and a night. And I shall visit upon him and cape of zeal, as one making a reproach upon his seed and upon his children [179] and retribution to his all their transgressions. And I shall opponents, a defense against his draw down upon them and upon enemies. He will repay a gift to the those dwelling in Jerusalem and upon islands. And those from the West will the land of Judah all the bad things be afraid by the Lord's name, and which I spoke of to them" (Jer 43 [36]: those from the East, by his glorious 30-31). Behold then, Mr. Justus, the name. For, like a forceful river, anger kingdom of David has ceased and will come from the Lord, it will come we Jews do not reign. with wrath and on account of Zion the redeemer will come and will turn 4. That Christ who came, the son back impiety from Jacob, said the of David, born out of Saint Mary Lord. And this is a covenant from me the daughter of David, reigns over to them, whenever I take away their

153 of 210 154 of 210 sins, says the Lord Almighty" (Isa enemies. And let us hear what 59:17-21; Rom 11:27). And again God said through Jeremiah: "That Christ says through Isaiah: "I the people had an unfeeling and Lord shall gather them at the time unbelieving heart" (Jer 5:23); and whenever I take away their again: "Wise men were shamed, they transgressions, says the Lord were terrified and captured, because Almighty. For the Spirit of the Lord is they rejected the Word of the Lord," upon me, through which he has that is, they crucified Christ (Jer anointed me, he has sent me to 8:9). And again: "This is why the proclaim the good news to the poor" Lord of powers says these things, the (Isa 60:22-61:1, Rom 11:27). And God of Israel: Behold I shall feed them again: "I shall make an eternal with pains and I shall give them covenant with them" (Isa 61:8). The water of bile to drink, and I shall prophet said these things about scatter them among the nations" (Jer the first coming of Christ and 9:14-15). And again: "Behold I bring about the second: for he connected bad things down upon them, from both. Just as David likewise says which they will not be able to depart in Psalm 95: "At that time all the on their own. And they will cry out to trees of the forest will rejoice at the me and I shall not listen to them" (Jer countenance of the Lord. Because he 11:11). For all the bad things in this comes, because he comes to judge the word have taken us, Mr. Justus, earth, to judge the world in and we have been scattered righteousness and peoples in his among all the nations. So if we do truth" (Ps 95 [96]: 12, 13). For not believe in Christ then in the Christ is the truth of God. Let us future we shall have to cry out not disbelieve in Christ or else an eternally and be driven out from eternal reproach will seize us as the chorus of saints and be opponents of his Christ, and he punished with the impious and will take vengeance on us as the sinful, and we shall have to

155 of 210 156 of 210 say as we repent, whenever we see God. What do you say to us about Christ in glory venerated by what Jacob says? angels and humans: "It was he whom we considered at that time JUSTUS said: By the holy name of ridiculous and as a figure of reproach, God, that he speaks the truth and since we were senseless; we reckoned his words are out of the Holy his life as madness and his death as Spirit. And thus I believe that shameless. How was he considered God, well-intentioned, not among the children of God, says wishing to destroy the Jews in the Solomon, and his lot is among the end, who were always rebelling saints? Yes, we have been led astray against God himself, commanded from the way of truth and the light of that even if by force the Jews righteousness has not shone upon us" should be baptized and they (Wisd 5:4-6). should come into the light. Just as David says: "Furthermore, wash me JUSTUS answered and said: As the from my transgressions and cleanse Lord lives, Mr. Jacob, you have me from my sins, wash me and I shall spoken correctly. Except this be whiter than snow" (Ps 50 [51]:4, quotation from Solomon is from 9). As also Isaiah says: "Bathe and 55 an apocryphal book.55 Jacob before and become clean" (Isa 1:16); and again after this point cites from the Wisdom of the Lord says through Ezekiel: "I [181] 5. And they stopped and left. Solomon without shall sprinkle clean water upon you, For his part, Jacob went off to his objection. and you will be cleansed from your own house, fasting and sobbing, JUSTUS RECALLS EARLIER SIGNS transgressions" (Ezek 36:25). And I that he should be forgiven his believe that Christ is the one who earlier blasphemies against Christ. came. Now I'm telling you the And we left with Justus. AND WE actual truth. said to him: Mr. Justus, we hear you are a great teacher who fears When in Ptolemaïs Christians fled

157 of 210 158 of 210 on account of the invasion of the and he hanged himself. And great Persians, the Jews, finding a tribulation seized us Jews. For we pretext, burned the churches of had taken joy in observing a cleric the Christians and plundered their Judaizing against Christians. houses, and they harassed and killed many Christians. As they Our Jewish leader saw a vision seized a certain man by the name over seven days every night: that 56 of Leontius, a Caparsine cleric,56 klērikon Kaparsinon the churches which the Jews had (κληρικὸν burned had been built through they wanted to kill him, because Καπαρσινόν), an gold and pearls, and gleamed like he was a great lover of Christ and otherwise unattested hated the Jews. He was afraid he place-name. Paul light, and our synagogue which Maas (Byzantinische was on the harbor of Ptolemaïs would be killed and so he Zeitschrift 20 renounced Christ and became a [1911]:577) suggested was razed to its foundations, and 57 that it refers to plunging into blood and stinking Jew. And a certain Christian Kaparasima, a village filth. As the priest swore, he saw subdeacon in passing saw in Galilee mentioned by John Moschus. this vision over seven nights in a Leontius sitting before the Déroche was row. There was a certain man in synagogue in the portico which skeptical of this Ptolemaïs named Isaac, a Jew who goes along the Midway. And he identification. Certainly feared [183] God whom we held said to him: "Mr. Leontius, how "Kaparsina/os" (he said) to be very righteous. And could you ever have been a sounds like a Greek version of a Hebrew he said: "Really, brothers, our spokesman on Christ's behalf, but town name (prefix priest seeing this same vision now you have renounced him? Kfar, as in seven times indicates destruction What kind of defense will you be Capernaum). Leontius appears for us Jews until the able to give to Christ and to God?" again below (Doctrina consummation of the world, and And Leontius, coming back to V.12). 57 ioudaizein that Christ who came is the King himself and repenting, went up to (ἰουδάϊζεν) of Israel, whom the Christians the house of Gemellus which was venerate." Five Jews, disturbed along the sea at the head of the and afraid that this rumor would Samaritan Quarter of Ptolemaïs

159 of 210 160 of 210 go out among the people and that help us, mister, as always. Jews would be misled, by night Early on the next day we gathered ON THE entered Isaac's house and ANTI-CHRIST strangled him—for all those who in the place which is hidden. AND HERMOLAOS were in his house had died and he JUSTUS said: Mr. Jacob, now that Seventh Meeting was alone—so that everyone Rhōmania is crushed and divided thought he died by natural causes. by the nations and is in ten As before God one of the toparchies, is it necessary for the stranglers, seeing me fighting on deceiving devil to come? behalf of our people and AND JACOB said: Yes, Hermolaos cudgeling the Christians, confided the deceiver is really going to in me. But now we see the fourth come now that Rhōmania is beast, Rhōmania, fallen and divided, and woe to the one divided by the nations, and next is accepting him. Just as Jeremiah the wait for the ten horns. says: "Cursed is the person who has And we left, each to his own hope in a human and who rests the house. flesh of his arm on him and his heart stands apart from God. And he will be like a tamarisk and he will not see whenever the good things come, and BOOK FIVE he will inhabit marine areas, in salt land, which will be uninhabited 1. And after a few more days forever" (Jer 17:5, 6). And: "At that JUSTUS said to me: Speak to time they will say to this people and Jacob, so that I may meet with to Jerusalem: Like a spirit of deception him. in the wilderness is the way of my And I JOSEPH went out and I said people's daughter, not into purity, not to him: Show up tomorrow and into holiness. A spirit of gratification

161 of 210 162 of 210 will come to me from them. Like a have not been born; [so too] the one cloud it will rise up; his chariots are making his wealth without judgment. like a whirlwind, his horses are lighter Halfway through his days they will than air. For a voice of messengers abandon him; at his end he will be will come from Dan" (Jer 4:11-13, senseless" (Jer 17:11). Just as also 15). And again: "Behold the Isaiah talks about the destruction eagerness: from Dan we shall hear the of the opponent Hermolaos. For sound of the rushing of horse-led he says: "God will bring out on that chariot. From the sound of the day his holy and great and mighty warning of his chariot all the earth sword against the serpent, the dragon, has been shaken. And he will come the crafty one, against the serpent, the and he devours all the land and its dragon who is fleeing. And the Lord fullness, cities and those dwelling in will destroy by his sword the serpent them" (Jer 8:15, 16). It's not yet, in the sea" (Isa 27:1). brothers, as Christ descends "like rain on wool" in peace (Ps 71 JUSTUS answered and said: As the [72]:6), but Hermolaos comes in Lord lives, Mr. Jacob, your words disorder and instability, he is are true, and woe be to the people complete destruction. And to be who accept the opponent and sure at first the crafty one will apostate Hermolaos. seem peaceful and quite stable. As 2. JACOB said: That Christ is the Daniel says: "And he will overcome Anointed One, who came and was the saints from on high, he will born in Bethlehem from Saint consider mutating the laws and times Mary, truly he was the one and it will be granted to him until proclaimed by the holy law and [185] times and time and a half time" the prophets, is very clear. For (Dan 7:25). Jeremiah says about since Christ came after the his craftiness: "A partridge has sixty-nine weeks, of which the called out, it has gathered those who

163 of 210 164 of 210 angel of God spoke to Daniel, the you, shepherding with knowledge" sins of idolatry have been brought (Jer 3:15). And David says: "Your to an end and prophecies about priests will be clothed in the coming eternal righteousness" and again: "Then I righteousness—that is, shall raise up a horn for David" (Ps Christ—have ceased (cf. Dan 131 [132]: 9, 17). Great wonder, 9:24-25). Both "praise God in the that the prophets proclaimed both churches" and "we shall confess to Christ and the priests of the new you in the great church" have covenant! For he says: "Sons were happened (Ps 67 [68]:27, Ps 21 born to you in the place of your [22]:26). For really the church of fathers. You will establish them as Christ is great, because it has leaders over all the land" (Ps 44 taken hold from the East and the [45]:17). "For throughout all the land West and the north and the south. has gone forth the sound" of the And we have observed "the people apostles (Ps 18 [19]:5). And David who are established will praise the says, exhorting the synagogue: Lord" (Ps 101 [102]:19). And we "Listen, daughter, and see and incline have seen "I shall give your rulers in your ear and forget your people and peace and your bishops in your father's house, and the king will righteousness" (Isa 60:17). "For God desire your beauty, because he is your will be for you, he says, an eternal lord and you will venerate him" (Ps light" (Isa 60:20). These things the 44 [45]:11, 12). As God says prophet Isaiah said about the through Malachi: "I take no [187] overpowering knowledge of God pleasure in the children of Israel and I brought about by Christ. And shall not accept sacrifice from their through Jeremiah God says about hands. For from the rising of the sun the bishops of the church: "I shall until it sets my name is glorified give to you shepherds after my own among the nations" (Mal 1:10, 11). heart, and they will be shepherds for As also Jeremiah says: "In those

165 of 210 166 of 210 days and at that time they will call Jerusalem the throne of the Lord, and JUSTUS answered and said: By the all the nations they will be gathered in Holy Spirit, you speak the truth. her in the name of the Lord, in And woe to those who don't Jerusalem, and they will not follow believe in Christ who has come, behind idols" (Jer 3:17). And we but are still waiting and Judaizing. have seen all these things, and 3. And they all left, glorifying JUSTUS'S nothing else is left, except the NIGHT-TIME God. I, Joseph, took Justus to my admixture of the nations. And I VISIONS lodging58 so he could have lunch. 58 ospition (ὀσπίτιον), am afraid it's going to be the case a Greek loan-word And after we had lunch I said to for Jews not believing in Christ the from the Latin him: In God's name, Mr. Justus, hospitium prophecy speaking through how do the things spoken by Jeremiah: "This people had a deaf and Jacob appear to you? disobedient heart" (Jer 5:23), and again: "Behold I send bad things JUSTUS said: As the Lord God of upon them, from which they will not Israel lives, that the Holy Spirit is be able to go out, and they will cry out in his heart. to me and I shall not listen to them" (Jer 11:11). "At that time they will And groaning and weeping say to this people and to Jerusalem: JUSTUS said: Believe me, Mr. Like a spirit of deception in the Joseph, for I'm not lying: For desert…" (Jer 4:11). He says these fifteen nights in a row I have been things about those who have not seeing in a vision Moses and the believed in Christ and who are prophets, and Jacob praised by the going to accept Hermolaos instead prophets. But I don't want to of Christ, just as Isaiah likewise encourage him, for fear that he says: "Those preparing a table for the gets swelled up and the grace of demon, all of them will fall by God leaves him. You are doing the slaughter" (Isa 65:11, 12). right thing by taking notes and

167 of 210 168 of 210 writing down the divine wisdom cure, with anger and wrath, to make gushing forth from Jacob's mouth, the whole world a desert and to so that I too shall copy so that destroy the impious from it. For the from it I can also give instruction stars of the heaven and Orion and all to the members of my household. of their adornment will not give their But I want to ask him about the luster. And there will be darkness end of the world and about the when the sun sets, and the moon will second coming of Christ. not give its luster. And I shall ordain bad things for the whole world and And after ten days JUSTUS said to their sins to the impious" (Isa me, Joseph: Mate, why don't I see 13:9-11). "And all the powers of the Jacob coming around? Speak to heavens will be shaken and the heaven him, in order that we might meet will be rolled up like a scroll and all with him. the stars will fall like a leaf falls from the vine and like the leaf falls away And I went out, JOSEPH, AND I from the fig tree" (Isa 34:4). And said to Jacob: Mr. Jacob, show up again: "For the heaven will be shaken tomorrow and help us. and the earth will quake from its And the next day we were ON THE END OF foundations" (Isa 13:13). And again: 59 THE WORLD "For the day of the Lord's judgment gathered in the lodging where Eighth and Final we always showed up, with Meeting and the year of its repayment is a 59 ospitin (ὀσπίτιν), Justus. ND USTUS said: Have judgment of Zion. And its depths will A J another Greek form be overturned into pitch and its land the prophets spoken of great from the Latin affliction at the end of the world? hospitium; elsewhere into brimstone. And its land will be the meeting place is like burning pitch day and night and always described as a 4. JACOB said: Great, to such an "house" (oikos). it will not be quenched for all time" extent that nothing else has ever (Isa 34:8-10). And again: "They will occurred. For Isaiah says: "Behold see the limbs of people who offended the day of the Lord comes, without a me. For their worm will not die and

169 of 210 170 of 210 their fire will not be quenched, and heaven and the earth and the dry land they will be visible in all their flesh" and the sea, and I shall shake all the (Isa 66:24). Let us not offend nations" (Hag 2:6-7). And Isaiah Christ, or else we shall be says: "And I shall clothe the heaven destroyed forever. For the disorder in darkness and I shall make its cloak of the nations will have to come to like sackcloth" (Isa 50:3). And pass, when the ten horns are through Zephaniah the Lord says: roused up and Hermolaos the "And I shall afflict the people who are deceiver comes. "Great affliction at sinners, and they will go forth like the that time" (Matt 24:21) occurs. blind, because they have sinned "Woe," says Joel [Amos] "to those against the Lord" (Zeph 1:17). The who desire to see that day" (Amos Lord does not say: "because they 5:18), as also Zephaniah says: "A have sinned against me" but "the day of darkness and anguish, a day of Lord," to those who have not affliction and wrath" (Zeph 1:15). believed in Christ. And again And Solomon says: "Turn away straightaway: "I shall pour out their anger from your heart and cast out blood like dust and their flesh like wickedness from your flesh before the dung [191] and their silver and their sun should be darkened and the light gold will not be able to deliver them and the moon and the stars fail in on that day of the Lord's wrath, their luster" (Eccl 11:10, 12:2). As because in the fire of his zeal all the also Malachi says: "Behold the day world will be entirely burned up" of the Lord comes burning like an (Zeph 1:17-18). God did not say: oven, and all the impious and the "in the day of my wrath" and "in sinful will be kindling and the day fire of my zeal," but "in the day of that is coming will burn them up and the Lord's wrath" and "in the fire of nothing will be left from them, twig or his zeal"; God is talking about his root" (Mal 3:19). As also Haggai Son. And again Jeremiah says says: "For once more I shake the about the consummation: "I have

171 of 210 172 of 210 gazed upon the earth and behold ready their presence among your nothing, and in the heaven, and its survivors" (Ps 20 [21]:9-13). You lights were not there. For I saw see, brothers, how great a mountains and behold they were judgment has been prepared for trembling and all the hills disturbed those who did not accept Christ, from the countenance of the Lord" (Jer "because the might is God's and 4:23-24, 26). mercy yours, Lord, because you render to each according to his works" 5. And again David says about (Ps 61 [62]:13). For Christ arrives Christ: "Lord, in your power the king in his second coming with crowds is made merry" and again: "He asked of angels and powers, and Isaiah you for life and you gave him the says: "And he will cast the serpent length of days for ever and ever" (Ps into the sea" (Isa 27:1), and again: 20 [21]:1, 5). "Forever and ever" is "And in the breath through his lips he the Word of God, who took flesh will destroy the impious one" (Isa and was called Christ. And again: 11:4) that is, Hermolaos "and all the "May your hand be present against all powers of the heaven will be melted" my enemies, may your right hand find and all of creation, seen and 60 all those who hate me; because you unseen60 (Isa 34:4). For Christ "seen and unseen" will set them as if in an oven of fire at may be another comes in that same body which he citation of the Nicene the time of your presence. The Lord in assumed out of us, since the Creed (see above) his wrath will disturb them and fire creation cannot bear to see the devours them. You will destroy their bare divinity of the Word of God, fruit from the earth and their seed which is inexpressible and from the children of men, for they inscrutable. For Christ comes "like have tended to bad things against lightning" which shines "from the you, they considered counsels which East until the West" (Matt 24:27). they were not able to sustain. For you Just as Daniel said: "Behold, the one will set them back and you will make coming like the Son of Man"; the

173 of 210 174 of 210 prophet indicated the flesh, which he assumed as God from us JUSTUS answered and said: As the humans. And again: "Behold with Lord lives, you have told the truth, the clouds of heaven one coming like Mr. Jacob, and you teach without the Son of Man and he has gone until error. For no one else is going to the Ancient of Days and he was come after the diminishment of brought before him and the rule and the fourth beast, that is Rhōmania, honor and kingdom were given to except the admixture of the him, and all the peoples, tribes, nations, the ten horns, and the tongues will be enslaved to him, his arrival of the blasphemer and authority [193] is eternal authority, deceiver, the devil. Just as Daniel which will not depart, and his said about his ten horns and the kingdom will not be destroyed" (Dan one which was going up and 7:13, 14). As also David said about rooting out three of its Christ: "God will come clearly, and predecessors, "whose eyes and our God will not be silenced. Fire will mouth were uttering great walk before him" (Ps 49 [50]:2-3) blasphemies and his sight was greater "and he will burn his enemies all than the ones remaining. I looked around" (Ps 96 [97]:3). And again: upon that beast, and he waged war "The heavens will announce his with the saints." And again Daniel righteousness, that God is judge" (Ps says: "I beheld from those great and 49 [50]:6). And again Moses says: blasphemous words, which that horn "Because the Lord will judge his spoke, until the beast was killed and people and he will relent toward those destroyed, and its mouth was given enslaved to him" (Deut 32:36). May into the burning fire" (Dan 7:8, 11). no one remain Christ's enemy, or Woe to those who are going to else he will be burned forever by really accept the devil when he the fire which is eternal. comes, because with him they will be utterly burned forever and

175 of 210 176 of 210 ever. that in Tiberias one of our Jewish priests saw a great revelation in a JACOB rose up and prostrated vision, telling him that after eight himself at Justus's knees and said years the Anointed One would to him: Really the Holy Spirit has come, the King of Israel, Christ, spoken through you today, Mr. and he would be born from a Justus, and this is the truth. virgin and he would rouse up the nation [195] of the Jews. And we 6. And again JACOB said to AN EARLIER CONFESSION all took this with great joy and Justus: When I ask you this, Mr. inexpressible delight, and we said: Justus, don't ever hide anything Blessed is that virgin and her from me, and don't lose your parents, she from whom the temper or get angry at the Anointed One is incarnate! question, but tell me the truth. JUSTUS said: Yes, as the Lord JUSTUS said: I shall speak the lives, you speak the truth. truth as much as I am able and I won't lose my temper. JACOB said: And how did the old man answer, the father of Levi JACOB said: In God's name, do 61 who was from Fountain Square,61 tēn Phialēn (τὴν you remember when we were in Φιαλήν), presumably and your father, Mr. Samuel? Ptolemaïs, under the Emperor a city quarter with a public fountain Maurice, when we were still a JUSTUS answered and said: The young age, on a Sabbath on the two of them said, as if in one bulwarks near the dry dock of the voice: Really the priest who saw ships and the custom-house—me this vision was mistaken, just like and you and your father, Mr. the ancient false prophets. For it Samuel, my teacher, and a crowd seems to us that there is no other of Jews? And as we were heading Christ except the one who came back, some of the Hebrews said and was born from Mary.

177 of 210 178 of 210 time, he says, all my people who have 7. JACOB said: Really you spoke been written into the book of life will the truth. For the conscience of our be saved. And many of those sleeping fathers always goaded them. But will be raised out of the mound of we observe the facts: both the four earth, some into eternal life and others kingdoms passing away and the into eternal shame and reproach" time arriving for the ten horns. For (Dan 12:1-2). As also Isaiah says Daniel says: "In the days of those about the universal resurrection of kings," that is, of the ten horns and the dead: "The dead will be raised the one which is small, "God will and those who are in tombs will be raise up a kingdom, which is eternal roused and those sleeping in the earth and will not be divided and his will be wakened" (Isa 26:19). As God kingdom will not be left behind for also says through Ezekiel: "Behold I another people, he will winnow and am opening your tombs; and I shall thin out all the kingdoms, and this lead you out from your tombs," "and one will be raised up forever. In this you will know that I am the Lord way you saw that the stone was cut when I open your graves to lead you from the hills and it was reduced to a out of your graves" (Ezek 37:12-13). shard, the iron, the bronze, the silver, So Christ (the son of God) comes the gold. God has revealed what must in [197] his glorious, fearful, and happen" at the end of time (Dan terrible arrival, like lightning. Just 2:44, 45, 28). as David said: "His lightning strikes have shone to the world" (Ps 96 [97]: JUSTUS answered and said: By the 4). For Christ comes beyond the Holy Spirit, that is how the flash of lightning, and no one at prophecy goes. that time can be mistaken in 8. JACOB said: But also God ON THE seeing the powers of the holy RESURRECTION OF angels, with fear and trembling, speaks to Daniel about the THE DEAD resurrection of the dead. "At that shuddering at him. Just as the

179 of 210 180 of 210 prophet says: "And the greatness of lightning flashes have shone upon the kings has been given to the saints on world" (Ps 96 [97]:3-4). For just as high, which will not pass away. And we said, Christ comes beyond the to him they will be enslaved and flash of lightning, being light, who obedient unto the end" (Dan 7:27, made the light and the lightning 14). Just as Isaiah also says: "Behold as God. "He looked and the earth was the Lord will come like fire and his shaken. The hills were disturbed and chariots like the whirlwind, to render trembled from the Lord's vengeance in anger and utter countenance" (Ps 96 [97]:4-5). For condemnation in the flame of fire. For the Christ who came earlier is all the land will be judged in the really coming "in the name of the Lord's fire and all flesh by his sword" Lord," the Lord God, the one who (Isa 66:15, 16). Likewise Malachi appeared to the world, who was says: "Behold he comes, says the Lord born from Saint Mary. He comes Almighty"—he did not say, "I again for the consummation of the come, God Almighty," but "He world, he comes with great and comes, the Lord Almighty," he's incalculable glory, showing both talking about someone else who is the cross and the spear-wound so coming—he says, "And who will that the Scripture might be survive the day of his arrival? Or who fulfilled which says: "They will look will remain standing at his coming? upon him whom they pierced" (Zech For he enters in like a fire on a furnace 12:10 following John 19:37). At and like the lye of washers, and he that time, seeing Christ in glory, descends smelting and purifying, as if the Jews who have not believed in gold and silver" (Mal 3:1-3). him will cry out, tribe by tribe, uselessly, speaking in great 9. As David says in Psalm 96: "Fire tribulation just as Solomon speaks: will go forth before him and it will "He was the one whom we held at that burn his enemies all around. His time in ridicule and as a figure of

181 of 210 182 of 210 reproach, since we were senseless. We CIRCUMCISION cried out, saying: reckoned his life as madness and his Glory to God who illuminates us death as worthless. How was he through your teaching, Mr. Jacob! considered among the children of God, 10. JUSTUS said: By the great ON THE SECOND and his lot is among the saints?" COMING OF (Wisd 5:4-5). It was he whom our name of God, tell me, if you have CHRIST wretched fathers crucified. "We anything else on your mind about have gotten our fill on the paths of the second and fearful coming of destruction, we did not know the way Christ. of the Lord" (Wisd 5:7). "At that time JACOB answered and said: You really [199] the righteous will stand are my teacher, and you know all up in full freedom of speech in the things more correctly than I. presence of those afflicting him," and Except, Mr. Justus, Isaiah says: crucifying him, "and those "The Lord alone will be elevated on dismissing his pains, and those that day and he will refute a looking will be disturbed by terrible numerous people" (Isa 2:11, 4). And fear and they will be stunned at the David says: "The countenance of the marvel of his salvation" (Wisd 5:1-2). Lord is upon those doing evil, for the So let no one of us doubt in the utter destruction of their memory faith in Christ, so we shall not be from the earth" (Ps 33 [34]:17). And found falling into such a great Solomon says: "And afterward they abyss of inexpressible destruction. will be like a shameful cadaver and But rather let us believe in Christ like an insult among the dead forever, the King of glory, giving thanks to because he will break them, voiceless, God and to humans, through prone, and until the end they will be whom God commanded us to be left barren and they will be in pain, baptized by force. and their memory will be destroyed" ALL THOSE FROM THE (Wisd 4:19).

183 of 210 184 of 210 Christ the judge of all, or else in JUSTUS answered and said: You the age to come Christ the judge speak well, Mr. Jacob, except you will be found to be our enemy, have spoken from an apocryphal and repenting in weeping and in book. pain we would say: We have been misled, turning away from God, JACOB said: And through Isaiah and "the sun of righteousness" has God says: "I live, says the Lord, for not risen for us (Mal 3:20), as every knee will bend to me and every Isaiah says: "And we all became tongue will confess to me" (Isa impure, and [201] all of our 45:23). And through Jeremiah he righteousness was like a menstrual says: "I shall judge each of you on rag. But now, Lord, you are our your ways and according to your Father and we are all the works of customs, house of Israel, I live, says your hands. Do not be exceedingly the Lord" (Jer 17:10; Ezek angry with us and at the time do not 18:30/33:20; Jer 22:24). And remember our sins" (Isa 64:5, 7-8). Solomon says: "He who molds every And at that time the King of Glory, breath, he knows everything and he Christ, God, the Lord of powers, will render to each according to his will answer us and let him say to works" (Prov 24:12). All righteous us: "I have become manifest to those things are from the Lord, because who do not seek me" (as Isaiah says) the Son of God, Christ, is going to "I am present among those who do not judge all people. And David says, ask after me and I said: Behold I am just as we said before, in Psalm 61: among the people, who have not "Because the might is God's and sought my name. For a whole day I mercy is yours, Lord; because you have spread out my hands to a render to each according to his works" disbelieving and disagreeable people, (Ps 61 [62]:13). who have not walked on the good way, 11. But let us not disbelieve in but follow their sins. This people

185 of 210 186 of 210 angers me" (Isa 65:1-3) "you who against you, my God, on that day abandoned me, preparing a table for of judgment, and make me the demon, all of you shall perish in "kindling" like an impious person, slaughter, since I called and you did "and burn" me on that "day which is not hear me and I have spoken and coming" (Mal 3:19) and I would be you have not paid attention" (Isa an eternal reproach before your 65:11-12). Isaiah says these things righteous ones! For we have all about those receiving Christ: really been mistaken, seeing you "Behold those who are enslaved to me and hearing through the divine will rejoice and be cheered with joy" Scriptures about you being (Isa 65:13-14). For those who tortured and insulted and believed in Christ will receive in crucified and dying. But I call the future age eternal good things upon you, Mr. Jacob, through which "are for life eternal," just as God, if the holy Scriptures have Daniel said (Dan 12:2). Christ says spoken beforehand or prefigured at that time to the unbelievers the sufferings of Christ, tell me. through Isaiah: "You who abandoned Because of this there was a me," and crucified me, he says, stumbling block for us wretched "You will cry out on account of the Jews, and we took offense at "the pain of your hearts and you will stone of obstacle" (Isa 8:14, 28:16, shriek from the tribulation of your Rom 9:32, 33; 1 Pet 2:7), Christ our spirit" (Isa 65:11, 14) "into eternal savior. But also teach me and help shame and eternal punishment" (Dan me, from where did you learn to 12:2). say that Christ is the same 62 substance62 and shares a throne homoousion 12. JUSTUS answered and said HOW JACOB (ὁµοούσιον) LEARNED ABOUT and exists eternally with the with weeping: Jesus Christ, Son of THE HOMOOUSION Father, and that God was born in God, do not hold against me the Bethlehem? blasphemies which I uttered

187 of 210 188 of 210 Ptolemaïs itself. same substance as the Father and 64 [203] JACOB answered and said: Leontius and his is with the Father eternally and tragic fate were By the name of God on high, I do was begotten outside of time mentioned by Justus not lie to you, Mr. Justus. But before the ages and was begotten above (Doctrina IV.5). when we set fire to the church of out of the virgin according to the Ptolemaïs, to burn it down, and all flesh. And at that time I laughed, the Christian dwelling places, I but I have since become fully was with the Jews and was the assured before God that those first adviser of the wicked ones. books of the bishops spoke the And I came into the episcopal truth. residence and I found there the Old and New Testament. And the 13. JUSTUS answered and said: ON CHRIST'S SUFFERINGS books of the law and the prophets Blessed are you, Mr. Jacob, we extracted, but we ripped up because God revealed such great those of Christ. But I extracted the mysteries to you. But I importune amazing manuscripts of the you, Mr. Jacob, teach me also bishops, having the names of Basil about the sufferings of Christ and and Gregory and Epiphanius and his ineffable condescension. For I Ambrose and Ephraim and am astounded on account of 63 Antiochus.63 And I read them and Fourth-century Christ's sufferings and what great church fathers Basil I made fun of them and I laughed of Caesarea, Gregory insults he endured. For on account at them. But I read them to of Nyssa (or of of his sufferings and on account of Leontius, who had come from the Nazianzus, or both), his ineffable humiliation, which Epiphanius of Christians on account of fear of us Consantia (Cyprus), we have seen, and the shameful Jews—for we did many bad things Ambrose of Milan, death in Christ himself, Christ was 64 Ephraim the Syriac to the Christians. And this same poet, and Antiochus for us "a stone of obstacle and a rock Leontius the Kaparsine told me who is presumably of stumbling" (Isa 8:14), just as the late fourth-/early that the catholic church of the Isaiah says and we did not want to fifth-century bishop Christians says that the Son is the of that name from hear the subsequent speech of the

189 of 210 190 of 210 prophet. For the Scripture goes on my beloved in whom I am straightaway, saying, "And who well-pleased" (Isa 42:1). Through believes in him will not be dishonored Christ, God was happy to save for eternity" (Isa 28:16). humans from the error of empty idolatry. Slaughtering the ram JACOB answered and said: In the taken from the Sabek plant in first book of the law, Genesis, God Isaac's place indicates the flesh of says to Abraham: "Take your son, Christ crucified on the wood of the your only-begotten, he said, cross. For the Word of God, being whom you love and slaughter him immortal, remained without and offer him up as a sacrifice to suffering, like Isaac. Taking the me in that place I shall tell you." two enslaved men was a And fulfilling the will of God prototype of the two thieves (cf. Abraham took his beloved son, Matt 27:38 parr.). For in truth the whom he loved, and with him two thieves were and are enslaved to enslaved men and offered him up Christ on account of the Word of in "that place which God told him." God dwelling in Christ. Isaac "And binding the feet of his son Isaac, bearing wood was a prototype he stretched out his hand in order to that Christ was going to bear his [205] slaughter his son." And an own cross. The high place, where angel of God appeared to him and the sacrifice of Abraham took prevented him and he showed place, is the Place of the Skull, him a ram, and Abraham offered where Christ was crucified. In it up to God instead of Isaac, his truth some Jews recounted true son (cf. Gen 22:2, 3, 9, 10-13; accurately that the skull of the cf. Origen, Hom. in Gen. 8). For head of Adam, the first human, Abraham was a type of God, who lay there. This is why it is called says through Isaiah about Christ: the Place of the Skull, which is "Behold my child whom I have chosen, Golgotha.

191 of 210 192 of 210 he was God, Christ was also 14. And Joseph being plotted human. But just as Joseph lived against by his own brothers and after the pit and ruled over the cast into the pit and being sold land of the Egyptians (cf. Gen was a prototype of the plot of the 37:24, 45:26), just so also Christ Jews, the brothers of Christ rose from the dead and ruled over according to the flesh (cf. Gen the error of the spiritual 37:18, 24, 28). And the thirty silver Egyptians, that is, the demons. pieces, which the Jews gave for What the Scripture says about Christ to be betrayed, as Moses Jeremiah: "Before forming you I predicted, saying in Deuteronomy: sanctified you, I put you to rooting "Cursed in the person who receives out and razing to the ground [207] gifts to smite the life blood of the and rebuilding" (Jer 1:5, 10), applies righteous person" (Deut 27:25). Just to the divinity of the Word of God as also Zechariah said as out of the which was in Christ. Jews saying person of Christ: "For they gave the to the king about Jeremiah: "Indeed price of thirty silver pieces" (Zech let that man be removed, for he makes 11:12), as also Jeremiah says: "They the hands of the fighting men slack" gave thirty silver pieces as the price of and again "That man does not speak the one bought" (Matt 27:9). peace to the people, but evil" (Jer 45 [38]:4) about this place, applies to JUSTUS answered and said: You Christ. For likewise also the Jews drew this from an apocryphon. said to Pilate, the legate of Caesar JACOB said: As I was saying, also of the Romans: "Away, away, Joseph cast into the pit by his own crucify him!" (John 19:15). "That brothers was a prototype: for person ought to die" (John 19:7) humans cast their own brother because "he speaks against the law according to the flesh, Christ, into and evil things against this place" the pit of the tomb. For although (Acts 13:3). And again: "The king

193 of 210 194 of 210 said to the Jews about Jeremiah: Similarly Christ was put into the Behold, he is in your hands" (Jer 45 pit, into the holy tomb as a human 65 [38]:5), just as Pilate said to the but as God he despoiled Death.65 I render Hades (ᾅδης) as "Death," Jews about Christ: "Take him and Just as David says: "God will smash meaning the place crucify him" (John 19:6). And again: their teeth in their mouths, the Lord where the dead They took Jeremiah the man of has crushed the molars of lions" (Ps reside, and thanatos (θάνατος) as "death," God "and they hurled him into the 57 [58]:7). As Job also testifies and meaning the state of pit" so that he would die. "And in says: "In fear the gates of death dying/being dead. that pit there was no water, but mire" opened to you, seeing you Death's (Jer 45 [38]: 6). And they brought porters were frightened" (Job 38:17). him up in an old rag but they did And just as Zechariah said: you not kill him. Similarly the Jews have led out "prisoners," Christ took and crucified Christ, and cast who is God, "out of the pit having no him in a pit—in the tomb—"having water" (Zech 9:11). And again: "The no water," just as Zechariah says rulers grew irritated" at Jeremiah (cf. Zech 9:11). And in place of the and flogged him and handed him old rags the old covenant of the over (Jer 44 [37]:15). Likewise also law and the prophets testify that the Jews flogged Christ and Christ lives for eternity. And as handed him over. Again Jeremiah many as did not believe in said: "I was laughed at, I spent all Jeremiah went out into captivity, day being mocked" (Jer 20:7), similarly so many who did not similarly also Christ, suspended accept Christ have gone out into on the cross, was mocked by the captivity among the nations. Jews the whole day. That Christ was God Sirach says: "Blessed is the 15. And again Daniel was cast into Lord God who stretched forth his 66 the lion's pit so he would die. And hands and saved Jerusalem."66 And Not from Sirach, he did not die, but even the lions but the same again Christ as a human says unattested scripture trembled at him (Dan 6:16, 22). through David in Psalm 87: "All ascribed to Ezra in

195 of 210 196 of 210 day I stretched forth my hands" (Ps Doctrina II.33. 7). That Christ who suffered these 87 [88]:10), and in Psalm 142 he things on our account is also God says: "I stretched out my hands to and was going to be resurrected, it you" (Ps 142 [143]:6). And through continues: "And the Lord wants to Isaiah [209] Christ says: "I stretched raise up my soul from the pain, to forth my hands all day to my show it the light, to form it in disbelieving and disobedient people, conscience, to justify the righteous who did not walk on the good path, one, who was enslaved well to many, but followed their sins. This people and will take up himself their sins" angers me, you who have abandoned (Isa 53:10, 11). me" (Isa 65:2-3, 11). And again 16. JUSTUS answered and said: A FALSE PROPHET Christ says through Isaiah, "I do IN THE EAST not disbelieve, I do not disobey. I gave You really speak the truth, and my back to the whips, my cheeks to thus the salvation is great, to slaps, I did not turn my face away believe in Christ. I confess to you, from shameful spitting" (Isa 50:5, 6). Mr. Jacob, the whole truth. For 67 Abraham my brother67 has written Earlier, Jacob had And again Isaiah says about referred to Justus's Christ: "And being a human and to me that a deceiving prophet has brother Abraamēs as knowing to bear up weakness, he appeared: Abraamios. turned away his face, he was "For at the time when (Sergius) the dishonored and discounted. For he 68 Candidatus68 was slaughtered by Candidatus bears our sins and is in pain (transliterated in the Saracens I was in Caesarea"— concerning us, and we reckoned that Greek, Κανδιδάτος) Abraham says—"and I went out refers to an imperially he was in pain and in a blow and in by boat to Sykamina. And they appointed military distress. And he was wounded on officer. The name said: the Candidatus was "Sergius" only account of our sins." And again: "He slaughtered. And we Jews rejoiced appears in non-Greek was led like a sheep to the slaughter translations of the greatly. And they said that a and like a lamb before the one Doctrina; the prophet appeared, coming with Chronographia of shearing him, voiceless" (Isa 53:3-5, Theophanes (9th

197 of 210 198 of 210 the Saracens and he is proclaiming century) recounts the of Paradise which is defeat of the 69 69 This "deceiving the arrival of the coming Anointed Byzantine general unbelievable." prophet" refers to Sergius in 633 at the One and Christ. And when I went Muhammad. out into Sykamina I beginning of the These things my brother Abraham Islamic conquest of wrote from the East. And I Justus communicated it to a certain very Palestine. scriptural old man and I said to believe in Christ who was born him: 'What do you say to me from Saint Mary, that he is the one about this prophet who is sent by God on high to the earth, appearing with the Saracens?' And the savior and King of Israel. with a great groan he said: 'He is a AND JACOB said: Take care, Mr. deceiver. Do prophets come with Justus, that your mouth say swords and chariots? Really these nothing else and your heart hold are works of disorder set in nothing else against Christ. motion today, and I fear that the Christ who came earlier, whom JUSTUS answered and said: By the the Christians worship, was the name of God Almighty, who one sent by God and instead of knows what is hidden in hearts, him we shall accept Hermolaos. out of my whole soul I believe in For Isaiah said that we Jews have Christ, whom the Christians a mistaken and hardened heart, worship, from today, the one who until all the land is made a desert. was born in Bethlehem from Saint But go forth, [211] Mr. Abraham, Mary; I have been made certain by and learn about this prophet who your teaching and through the is appearing.' And I, Abraham, revelation of visions which thoroughly investigating, heard appeared to me. from those who met him that you find nothing true in this so-called 17. And everyone left. And JACOB THE INSTRUCTION AND DEPARTURE prophet, except shedding human said to Justus: I wished that you OF JUSTUS blood. For he says that he has keys would trouble yourself to come to

199 of 210 200 of 210 my lodging-place and that you saying: "Jacob teaches correctly would bless us. from divine grace, and that one is Christ whom Jacob proclaims." AND JUSTUS said: I'm coming if you invite me. But I ask you that AND JACOB said to him: Why brother Joseph might come also, don't you get baptized and because he is a lover of God. become a Christian?

And Jacob received Justus into his JUSTUS answered and said: As house and me, Joseph. It was still before God I speak the truth: first I the seventh hour. And he made a want to go back into my house salad and served it. And HE said and to instruct my relatives. For I to Justus: Say a blessing, Mr. have a brother, as you know, and Justus. we have wives and children, and I want to make them Christians too. HE said: You do it. [213] JACOB said: And if your AND JACOB, testing Justus, said: brother turns you away, or the O Christ, God, bless this. Jews who are mixed up with the Saracens, what shall we do? AND JUSTUS said: Amen. JUSTUS said: Trust in God, Mr. JUSTUS said: I think, Mr. Jacob, Jacob, that if the Jews and this is why you invited me, so you 70 Saracens impede me or cut my could test me.70 By the name of That is, Jacob wanted to see if body up, little piece by little piece, God Almighty, I have been made Justus would eat food I shall not renounce Christ the Son steady out of your teaching, but blessed in Christ's of God. For I have been greatly also I have seen a certain man, name. steadied not only by your wearing white, appearing in a teaching, but also by God, that he vision to me over many nights and is Christ. But if God puts it into

201 of 210 202 of 210 you, teach me and instruct me, as consummation of the world. you were taught yourself by the 71 Christians,71 and every day I shall Here was have 19. JUSTUS copied all the things perhaps a unique that teemed from the mouth of come and bow before you. reference to Jacob (and the other Jacob, with weeping, from me 18. So Justus studied with Jacob, baptized Jews?) Joseph, without Jacob knowing, and he taught him "I believe in one receiving official thanking God and saying: Never "instruction" God, Father Almighty," the creed of (katēchēsis) from the have I been edified before a the Christians, and "Our Father, Christians of person knowing the holy Carthage. who is in heaven." And Justus loved Scriptures by heart like this. Jacob with an inexpressible love, not leaving him at any time, as And when he was going to many days as he passed with us. embark onto the boat, to set sail, we embraced him: me, Joseph, And in getting ready to sail off 72 and my brother,72 and those who Joseph's brother and leave, HE embraced Jacob has not appeared with great weeping, kissing him were with me: Theodore and previously in the and saying: God, who has come to Jacob, both crying. Doctrina; perhaps the author meant his son, inhabit your holy soul, until your Symeon? We might AND JUSTUS said to Jacob: final breath may he freely grant also expect to see Teacher of light—for Christ is the Justus's cousin, Isaac, you the grace of the Holy Spirit light, and your teaching leads to at this farewell scene. and may he spur you to pray on the light, to Christ—pray for me, my behalf. For you have edified the sinner, so Christ might forgive us, you who are enslaved to God, me those blasphemies I uttered in the faith of Christ. As the Lord against him, and that God might lives, because the admixture of the find me worthy and all my nations and the humiliation of the relatives to become Christians. Roman Empire indicates nothing else except the ten horns, and then JACOB said: I hope in the name of the small horn, the devil, and the God that he will save both you

203 of 210 204 of 210 and all the members of your he would not be seized or household, but hurry, go up to bothered in Africa, as a Jew. Until Constantinople and give back today I had not revealed to Jacob 73 other people's things,73 and go Apparently Justus, the things which I had written like Jacob, is some down into the East to your family. kind of traveling down. For on the whole he did not salesman. wish for any person to learn And he set sail. And we too were things about him. For he saw edified by the ineffable someone in a vision, as he told me, 74 conversion74 of Justus, [215] and tēi metabolēi (τῇ µεταβολῇ) saying to him: "Flee from the we were steadied in the faith of people, Jacob, and in fasting and Christ. I alone made him swear: in weeping weep for your Write me, if God wills and you are countless sins, the impieties you saved, how you proceed and committed against Christ. For if concerning your household. you seek glory among people, these things will be unforgiveable 20. Now Jacob went out on a small THE LIFE AND DEPARTURE OF for you, and what you possess will launch, which had been rented JACOB flee from you, and a great famine from Thenai, one city of Byzacena, will befall you, such that you will and he set sail. For he had a not know by what name you are business matter, as he said, having 75 called."75 Like many been entrusted with the deposit of converts in a certain important man of hagiography, Jacob is Jacob himself was from the East apparently going to Byzantium. And there in Thenai by birth, as he confided to me. He be come a monk. the ship from Byzantium which did many bad things to Christians. had brought him into Africa was And in the city of Rhodes, as a unmoored. He had come in this Green with the sail-stitchers, he way to Carthage to sell clothes. He did bad things to those Blues had brought with him a letter fleeing from the East. And he from the owner of the deposit so betrayed them to the sail-stitchers

205 of 210 206 of 210 as people of Bonosos76 and they selling covertly, little by little, the were cudgeled. Entering deposit which he had. He found Constantinople after a time he met out at that time, by chance, that a certain rich man. And having Jews were being baptized. remained in his service for a short 76 This would have 78 78 Déroche asserts been after the fall of And so he wouldn't be baptized, time, he rented lodgings from him that this paragraph Phocas and Bonosos' he fashioned himself a Christian, (until "he who had and made commissions for him. subsequent lynching come") was inserted This [217] rich person seeing, as he described earlier by swearing, he says, by Christ and by a copyist from Jacob, in 610. Saint Mary, as also in the East he said, that Jacob was free, entrusted loose folio pages, to him a small account. The rich had fooled people. Having sold to now lost, that someone three of his better items contained otherwise man, observing things being lost passages from the 77 moved by Asmiktos77 and by Who this is or what of clothing, as evening came, he opening chapter in he is doing in unclear; decided that he would leave the Greek. More complete others, said to Jacob: "I want to from context he clothing and come back early the surviving translations give you a few items of clothing, seems to be another into Slavonic and up to two pounds, for you to go traveling salesman next day and take his payment for Arabic here refer the moving merchandise the clothes. And as he exited and reader back to the into Africa and sell them." And for a wealthy prologue for Jacob's Jacob said: "As you wish." And he speculator in left from the house of the one baptism story. Constantinople; receiving the clothes, his foot went entrusted his business matter to Déroche speculates into a drain and he cried out: him and he discharged him, the nickname comes making him swear that: "By the from smēchō (σµήχω), "Adonai, my God, help me!" The "to soaop [off]", so purchaser of the clothes heard and God of Abraham and Isaac and Asmiktos would mean Jacob who gave the holy law to something like kept silent; and after some days he "Unwashed" or spied upon him in the bath and Moses, if I live and arrive in Africa "Grimy." 79 knew that he was a Jew.79 And he Presumably or in Gaul and sell, I shall set aside because he saw that the gold for you in this holy and turned him in, and he was Jacob was royal city, without guile or theft, baptized unwillingly. And after circumcised; the that he cried out to God to show surviving opening taking as my wage fifteen chapters in Slavonic nomismata per year." And he went him if he was misled when he was and Arabic make this baptized and after that with observation of Jacob's to Africa in Carthage and he was circumcision in the

207 of 210 208 of 210 weeping and fasting every day he baths explicit. son of God whom you pored over the holy Scriptures, proclaimed, if God saves you, and he was persuaded from the write to me how you are doing holy Scriptures that Christ, the and how you are proceeding. He King of Israel, was he who had left Carthage on July 13 in the come. seventh indiction [634 C.E.], fortified in the faith of our Lord He wrote to the owner of the Jesus Christ, in whom is the glory deposit in Constantinople: and the might with the "Covertly I sold the clothing immaculate Father and the which you entrusted to me, all-holy and vivifying Spirit, now unobserved, but I was not allowed and always and forever and ever. to sail to you in the same boat, as Amen. we had agreed, and I was not granted leave to sail." The owner [219] of the deposit, having a certain patron who was a 80 This work is licensed under a cubicularius palatii,80 asked him if Palace chamberlain; the CreativeCreativeCreative CommonsCommonsCommons Attribution-Attribution-Attribution- he might send into Africa and Latin title is here NonCommercialNonCommercialNonCommercial 4.04.04.0 InternationalInternationalInternational have him brought out. The transliterated into LicenseLicenseLicense. cubicularius sent one of his own Greek: koubikoularion en palatiōi people and setting sail he came (κουβικουλάριον ἐν into Carthage and took him. And παλατίῳ) he went to Byzacena, and from there he set sail. As Jacob was departing from Carthage I embraced him with great weeping. And I made him swear, saying: Mr. Jacob, by Christ the

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