remote sensing Article A Comprehensive Statistical Study on Daytime Surface Urban Heat Island during Summer in Urban Areas, Case Study: Cairo and Its New Towns Hamid Taheri Shahraiyni 1,2,*, Sahar Sodoudi 1, Abbas El-Zafarany 3, Tarek Abou El Seoud 4, Hesham Ashraf 4 and Kristin Krone 1 1 Institut für Meteorologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Carl-Heinrich-Becker-Weg 6-10, Berlin 12165, Germany;
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[email protected] (K.K.) 2 Remote Sensing Research Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 1458889694, Iran 3 Urban Design Department, Faculty of Urban and Regional Planning, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt;
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[email protected] (H.A.) * Correspondence:
[email protected]; Tel.: +49-30-8385-4366; Fax: +49-30-8387-1160 Academic Editors: Benjamin Bechtel, Iphigenia Keramitsoglou, Simone Kotthaus, James A. Voogt, Klemen Zakšek, Richard Müller and Prasad S. Thenkabail Received: 4 March 2016; Accepted: 2 August 2016; Published: 5 August 2016 Abstract: Surface urban heat island (SUHI) is defined as the elevated land surface temperature (LST) in urban area in comparison with non-urban areas, and it can influence the energy consumption, comfort and health of urban residents. In this study, the existence of daytime SUHI, in Cairo and its new towns during the summer, is investigated using three different approaches; (1) utilization of pre-urbanization observations as LST references; (2) utilization of rural observations as LST references (urban–rural difference); and (3) utilization of the SIUHI (Surface Intra Urban Heat Island) approach.