Component-I (A) – Personal Details
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Excavations at Keeladi, Sivaganga District, Tamil Nadu (2014 ‐ 2015 and 2015 ‐ 16)
Excavations at Keeladi, Sivaganga District, Tamil Nadu (2014 ‐ 2015 and 2015 ‐ 16) K. Amarnath Ramakrishna1, Nanda Kishor Swain2, M. Rajesh2 and N. Veeraraghavan2 1. Archaeological Survey of India, Guwahati Circle, Ambari, Guwahati – 781 001, Assam, India (Email: [email protected]) 2. Archaeological Survey of India, Excavation Branch – VI, Bangalore – 560 010, Karnataka, India (Email: [email protected], [email protected], snehamveera@ gmail.com) Received: 29 July 2018; Revised: 03 September 2018; Accepted: 18 October 2018 Heritage: Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Archaeology 6 (2018): 30‐72 Abstract: The recent excavations at Keeladi have yielded interesting findings pertaining to the early historic period in southern Tamil Nadu. This article gives a comprehensive account of the prominent results obtained from two season excavations. The occurrence of elaborate brick structures, channels, paved brick floors associated with grooved roof tiles, terracotta ring wells in association with roulette ware and inscribed Tamil – Brahmi pot sherds is a rare phenomenon in the early historic phase of Tamil Nadu. The absolute dating (AMS) of the site to some extent coincides with the general perception of the so‐called Sangam period. Keywords: Keeladi, Early Historic, Excavation, Structures, Rouletted Ware, Tamil Brahmi, Ring Well Introduction The multi‐faceted antiquarian remains of Tamil Nadu occupy a place of its own in the archaeological map of India. It was indeed Tamil Nadu that put a firm base for the beginning of archaeological research in India especially prehistoric archaeology with the discovery of the first stone tool at Pallavaram near Madras by Sir Robert Bruce Foote in 1863. Ever since this discovery, Tamil Nadu witnessed many strides in the field of archaeological research carried out by various organizations including Archaeological Survey of India till date. -
English 710-882
AN ETHNOMUSICOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON KANIYAN KOOTHU Aaron J. Paige This paper will analyze some of the strategies by which Kaniyans, a minority com- munity from the Southern districts of Tamil Nadu, use music as a vehicle to negoti- ate, reconcile, and understand social, cultural, and economic change. Kaniyan Koothu performances are generally commissioned for kodai festivals, during which Kaniyans sing lengthy ballads. These stories vary locally from village to village and recount the adventures, exploits, and virtues of gods and goddesses specific to the area and community in which they are worshipped. While these narratives are en- tertaining in their own right, they also serve as springboards for subjective compari- son and interpretation. Kaniyans thus, transform mythological legends into modern social commentary. In a world perceived to be growing increasingly complicated by globalization and modernization, these folk musicians openly voice in performance both their concern for the loss of traditional values and their trepidation that Tamil culture, tamizh panpaadu – particularly village culture, gramiya panpaadu – are gradually being displaced by foreign principles, products, and technologies. In con- tradistinction to this conservative rhetoric, the Kaniyans, in recent years, have made major reformations to their own musical practice. Using specific textual examples, the first part of this paper will look at the ways in which musicians’ semi-improvised narratives foster solidarity under the rubric of a shared Tamil language and cultural identity. The second part of this paper, by way of musical examples, will attempt to illuminate how these same musicians are engaged in redefining and reformulating their musical tradition through the appropriation and integration of rhythmic models characteristic of Carnatic drumming. -
Economic and Cultural History of Tamilnadu from Sangam Age to 1800 C.E
I - M.A. HISTORY Code No. 18KP1HO3 SOCIO – ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF TAMILNADU FROM SANGAM AGE TO 1800 C.E. UNIT – I Sources The Literay Sources Sangam Period The consisted, of Tolkappiyam a Tamil grammar work, eight Anthologies (Ettutogai), the ten poems (Padinen kell kanakku ) the twin epics, Silappadikaram and Manimekalai and other poems. The sangam works dealt with the aharm and puram life of the people. To collect various information regarding politics, society, religion and economy of the sangam period, these works are useful. The sangam works were secular in character. Kallabhra period The religious works such as Tamil Navalar Charital,Periyapuranam and Yapperumkalam were religious oriented, they served little purpose. Pallava Period Devaram, written by Apper, simdarar and Sambandar gave references tot eh socio economic and the religious activities of the Pallava age. The religious oriented Nalayira Tivya Prabandam also provided materials to know the relation of the Pallavas with the contemporary rulers of South India. The Nandikkalambakam of Nandivarman III and Bharatavenba of Perumdevanar give a clear account of the political activities of Nandivarman III. The early pandya period Limited Tamil sources are available for the study of the early Pandyas. The Pandikkovai, the Periyapuranam, the Divya Suri Carita and the Guruparamparai throw light on the study of the Pandyas. The Chola Period The chola empire under Vijayalaya and his successors witnessed one of the progressive periods of literary and religious revival in south India The works of South Indian Vishnavism arranged by Nambi Andar Nambi provide amble information about the domination of Hindu religion in south India. -
DR.A. BASKARAN C/O. Rajaram Illam
CURRICULUM VITAE DR.A. BASKARAN C/O. RajaRam Illam 5/543 Sarojini Street N.G.O.Colony,Madurai Main Road Virudhunagar - 626001 Mobile: 90471 69825-7094074825 Email: [email protected] [email protected] Personal Details Father Name : S. Andi Mother Name : A. Panchavarnam Date of Birth : 20.05.1981 Sex : Male Marital Status : Married Nationality : Indian Religion : Hindu Languages Known : Tamil, English (Write, Read and speak) Academic Profile Degree Subject Institution % marks Year of Passing Grade Ph.D., History Madurai Kamaraj - April 2015 - University, Madurai – 21. M.Phil. Art History Madurai Kamaraj 74% April 2006 I University, Madurai – 21. M.A. History Madurai Kamaraj 69.22% April 2005 I University, Madurai-21. B.A. History Arul Anandar College, 59.45% April 2003 II (Autonomous) Karumathur Professional and Technical Qualification MS-Office Type writing TEACHING EXPERIENCE Joined as Assistant Professor in History, (Self Finance) VHNSN College (Autonomous) Virudhunagar from 01.07.2015 to 28.02.2016 Joined as Assistant Professor in History (Regular vacancy), VHNSN College (Autonomous) Virudhunagar- 29th Feb 2016 to till date. 2 RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Did M.Phil, (Art History) dissertation on FOLK DEITIES IN KARUMATHUR REGIONS-A STUDY Completed Ph.D., (History) thesis on VILLAGE GODS AND GODDESS IN USILAMPATTI TALUK AND THEIR WORSHIP–A STUDY M.Phil. Guidance S.No Name of the Title Year of Candidate Completion 1. M.Gobi Raja Rosal Patty Panchayat – A 2017 Study 2. S.Ramesh Folk Deities in Aruppukottai 2017 Taluk with Special Reference to Poolangal Region – A Study PhD. Guide ship Recognized as ph.d Research Gudie by the Madurai kamaraj University in the year 2017. -
6Th History Questions Part 4 – [New Book]
6th History Questions Prepared By www.winmeen.com 6th History Questions Part 4 – [New Book] Ancient Tamizhagam And Cities 1) The town where the Characters Kovalan and Kannaki lived is a) Poompuhar b) Madurai c) Kanchi d) Vanji Explanation: Poompuhar is the place where well known characters Kovalan and kannaki lived. 2) Which port emerged in wake of maritime trade? a) Poompuhar b) Thanjavur c) Thoothukudi d) Vanji Explanation: Poompuhar port is a historic port which emerged as a result of maritime trade. 3) Poompuhar is a Coastal town which is Located near Present day a) Madurai b) Kancheepuram c) Kanyakumari d) Mayiladuthurai Explanation: It is a coastal town near the present-day Mayiladuthurai and is located where the river Cauvery drains into the sea. 4) Which Of these epics have references to Poompuhar? a) Manimegalai b) Silapathikaram c) Sinthamani d) Both A and B. Explanation: Pattinappaalai and Tamil epics, Silappathikaram and Manimegalai, have references to the brisk sea-borne trade that took place in the port city, Puhar. 5) Poompuhar is also known to be a) Kaveripoompattinam b) Poompuharam c) Poondi d) Pattinam Learning Leads To Ruling Page 1 of 5 6th History Questions Prepared By www.winmeen.com Explanation: Poompuhar was also known by names such as Puhar and Kaveripoompattinam. 6) Poompuhar served as a port for which kingdom? a) Early cholas b) Pallavas c) Early Pandyas d) Chera Explanation: It served as the port of the early Chola kingdom. 7) The author of Pattinappaalai, Kadiyalur Uruttirangannanar, belonged to a) 2nd Century BC b) 1st century BC c) 8th century BC d) 1st century AD Explanation: The author of Pattinappaalai, Kadiyalur Uruttirangannanar, belonged to 2nd century BC. -
The Chera Dynasty
The Chera Dynasty The Chera dynasty was one of the principal lineages to have ruled over southern India in early history. The Cheras controlled the central and northern parts of Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu and was a prosperous kingdom owing to its trade with the Romans. The Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas were the most powerful three kingdoms to have ruled during the Sangam Age, which was the period between the first century BCE to the end of the second century CE. The Cheras of Ancient South India ● The Cheras controlled the central and northern parts of Kerala and the Kongu region of Tamil Nadu ● Vanji was their capital and the ports of the west coast, Musiri and Tondi, were under their control ● The emblem of the Cheras was ‘Bow and arrow’ ● The Chera country was geographically well placed to profit from maritime trade via the extensive Indian Ocean networks. Trade of Indian spices, timber, pearls and gems were common ● The Chera kings were also known as "Keralaputas" (sons of Kerala) ● Uthiyan Cheralathan is the earliest known Chera ruler. Following him, other important rulers of the kingdom include: ○ Nedunjeral Adan - He had defeated seven crowned kings and won the title of “Adhiraja” ○ Senguttuvan - Believed to be the greatest Chera ruler, he was popularly known as Red Chera ○ Kudakko Ilanjeral Irumporai - Believed to be one of the last Chera kings ● A lot of scholars have recently accepted that there were two branches of the Chera family: ○ The Patitrupathu speaks of eight Chera kings, their territory and fame ○ The inscriptions of Pugalur near Karur mention Chera kings of three generations. -
Chera,Chola,Pandiya:Using Historical Mining to Identify the Tamil Kingdoms Data Sets Within Larger Social, Poltical, and Economic Practices of Early South India
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 9, ISSUE 01, JANUARY 2020 ISSN 2277-8616 Chera,Chola,Pandiya:Using Historical Mining To Identify The Tamil Kingdoms Data Sets Within Larger Social, Poltical, And Economic Practices Of Early South India B.Devi Sujitha, M.K.Lakshmi Parkavi, T.Selva Gomathi, V.Anusuya Devi, V.Kalaivani Abstract: The main goal for this historical mining in the southern rules of India is to produce a comparison between the achievements and life history of kings in the same or/and different period. The need for data analysis in the kingdom of south India is useful to fabricate th e comparison of knowledge obtained from the mining in the pictorial representation. Then we are going to display our outcomes in the Archaeological Survey of India website and also in Archives and Historical Research of Tamil Nadu Website. Those who are searching for the king's information in the various links and books. Index Terms:Historical Mining, Data Mining, Kings. —————————— —————————— 1. INTRODUCTION The main goal of historical mining in the southern rules of 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT India is to produce a comparison between the achievements The kings and their kingdoms details are not similar in many and life history of kings in the same or/and in different period. website and book were written by various authors around the Historical mining offers a storehouse of information about how world. There is no comparison between the rulers in the same people and societies behave. The proposed system helps to dynasty and/ or indifferent dynasty. People who are preparing understand, the influence of technological innovation, or the for the recruitment exam need to have quick notes about the role that beliefs play in shaping family life. -
The Hermits of Samanar Hills
The hermits of Samanar Hills Devdutt Pattanaik hikes up a hill in Madurai to map its height in 2,500 years of Jain history in Tamil Nadu Devdutt Pattanaik hikes up a hill in Madurai to map its height in 2,500 years of Jain history in Tamil Nadu I had heard that the nose-ring of Meenakshi, a local manifestation of Parvati, goddess-queen of Madurai, is removed each night as she awaits her consort, Sundareswarar, Shiva, in her jasmine-filled bedchamber. “That ceremony starts only after 9pm,” my friend, an amateur historian, told me. He suggested we use our time to visit the Samanar Malai. Samanar means Jain in Tamil. It is derived from the Sanskrit shramana, which refers to all hermits, not just Jains, or more specifically those who prefer meditation and austerities to Vedic rituals in all matters spiritual. Malai is Tamil for hill. The Samanar stands in the village of Keezh Kuyil Kudi, just 15km outside Madurai, and my friend’s suggestion seemed like a perfect detour. So, after a quick lunch, we drove out of the city. Little did I know that going up and down this hill of hermits would be a journey through 2,500 years of Jain history. A statue of Tamil poet Manikkavasagar from the Pandya period. Photo: Wikipedia Commons As we passed rice fields, I remembered reading reports of recent excavations in the fields of Keezhadi, a village in Sivaganga district, near Madurai, by the Archaeological Survey of India that have revealed structures strikingly similar to those found in the cities of the 5,000-year-old Indus-Saraswati civilization. -
Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve and Vaigai River: Tamil Nadu
Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve and Vaigai River: Tamil Nadu drishtiias.com/printpdf/srivilliputhur-megamalai-tiger-reserve-and-vaigai-river-tamil-nadu Why in News The recently declared Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu will provide protection to Megamalai, the Vaigai’s primary catchment, in turn helping water levels to rise in the river. 1/3 Key Points About Vaigai River: Origin and Tributaries: It originates in the Western Ghats (Varushanad Hills). It travels through the Pandya Nadu region of Tamil Nadu. Its main tributaries are Suruliyaru, Mullaiyaru, Varaganadhi, Manjalaru, Kottagudi, Kridhumaal and Upparu. The Vaigai is 258 kms long and finally empties into the Palk Strait near the Pamban Bridge in Ramanathapuram district. Heritage River: The Vaigai was the river that flowed through the noted city of Madurai, the capital (4th-11th century CE) of the ancient and prosperous Pandya kingdom located in southern Tamil Nadu. The river finds a mention in Sangam literature dated to 300 before the Common Era. Significance: The river fulfils the drinking water requirement of five districts of Tamil Nadu namely Theni, Madurai, Ramanathapuram, Sivagangai and Dindigul. It also provides irrigation to 2,00,000 hectares of agricultural land. Rejuvenation of Vaigai: Its deterioration happened at the end of the 18th century when the British started deforesting the Megamalai region which acts as a major catchment for Vaigai. Consequently, the water flow in the river reduced gradually. Some 2,00,000 people died in this region during the Great Famine of 1876-77. Following the famine, the British Crown proposed diverting water from the Periyar river (Kerala) and feeding it to the Vaigai through a tunnel. -
History of Tamil Society
History, Culture, Heritage and Socio-Political Movements in Tamil Nadu History of Tamil Society INTRODUCTION Tamil civilization, as we have seen, begins atleast three centuries before the Common Era (CE). As seafaring people, Tamil traders and sailors established commercial and cultural links across the seas and merchants from foreign territories also visited the Tamil region. The resulting cultural and mercantile activities and internal developments led to urbanization in this region. Towns and ports emerged. Coins and currency came into circulation. Written documents were produced. The TamilBrahmi script was adopted to write the Tamil language. Classical Tamil poems were composed. Sources for the study of early Tamil society The sources for reconstructing the history of the ancient Tamils are: 1. Classical Tamil literature 2. Epigraphy (inscriptions) 3. Archaeological excavations and material culture 4. Non-Tamil and Foreign Literature The Classical Sangam Tamil Literature The Classical Sangam corpus (collection) consists of the Tholkappiyam, the Pathinen Melkanakku(18 Major works) and the Pathinen Kilkanakku(18 minor works) and the five epics. Tholkappiyam Tholkappiyam, attributed to Tholkappiyar, is the earliest written work on Tamil grammar. 1 History, Culture, Heritage and Socio-Political Movements in Tamil Nadu Apart from elaborating the rules of grammar, the third section of Tholkappiyam also describes poetic conventions that provide information on Tamil social life. The texts of Pathinen Melkanakku include Pathupaattu(ten long -
Dravidian Canvas in Sanga Tamil
DRAVIDIAN CANVAS IN SANGA TAMIL Prof. Dr. Kannabiran Ravishankar (KRS) (Professeur adjoint - Littératures comparée (tamoul), Université de Paris, France) Abstract: Tamil Pride, Theism & Atheism, Feminism and Rational Inquiry - are all traced to their roots Sanga Tamil is a rich compendium of in Sanga Tamil, in this paper. After all,human classical literature in the Tamil language. journey is a continuous evolution of the human Though Tamil civilization has evolved from faculties, be it sangam age or scientific age. In sangam age to scientific age over the past this journey, we shed off our weaknesses and 3000+ years, it has always been a best build upon our strengths towards the cause of practice in the academic field, to benchmark the society. and learn from Sanga Tamil, on the various faculties of humanity that we are discussing, Keywords: debating and enhancing today. Verily, it has been a journey, that has captivated the thought Dravidian, Tamil, Classical Literature, Sanga of the modern academician, anthropologist, Tamil, Social Justice, Self-Respect, Feminism, historian and reformer – all alike. Theism, Apatheism, Caste, Brahminism, Superstition, Rationality, Education, Philanthropy, Whereas, the Dravidian Movement has its Nature, Native Tamils. roots in the early 19th century which ushered in Tamil renaissance&social justice in the Tamil Introduction: landscape. It too has evolved over the past 100+ years on various issues facing the society. Sanga Tamil (also pronounced as changa thamizh or caṅka tamiḻ, and written innative This paper,enquires into the social canvas alphabet as r§f¤jÄœ) is truly a Cross-Roads of of the sangam era, and relatesthem to the Culture. -
6Th Social Science Lesson 4 Notes in English 4. Ancient Cities of Tamilagam
General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com 6th Social Science Lesson 4 Notes in English 4. Ancient Cities of Tamilagam 1. Show the Ancient cities and Ports of Tamil Nadu: 2. Mesopotamian civilisation is the earliest civilisation in the world. It is 6500 years old. 3. Famous towns in Tamilagam: Daro in ancient India, there were famous towns in ancient Tamilagam too. Madurai, Kanchi and Poompuhar are prominent among them. Tamil literature, accounts of foreign travellers and archaeological finds provide us information about the ancient towns of Tamilagam. 4. Explain the city of Poompuhar: Poompuhar is one of the oldest towns in ancient Tamilagam. This is the place where well known characters of Silapathikaram, Kovalan and Kannagi lived. It was also a port town along the Bay of Bengal. The ports were established for facilitating maritime trade. Learning Leads To Ruling Page 1 of 5 General Studies Prepared By www.winmeen.com 5. Which was the present day coastal town near Poompuhar? Poompuhar is one such historic port that emerged in the wake of increasing maritime trade. It is a coastal town near the present-day Mayiladuthurai and is located where the river Cauvery drains into the sea. 6. Explain about the Importance of Poompuhar Port? Poompuhar was also known by names such as Puhar and Kaveripoompattinam. It served as the port of the early Chola kingdom. One of the popular Sangam Literature. Pattinappaalai and Tamil epics, Silappathikaram and Manimegalai, have references to the brisk sea-borne trade that took place in the port city, Puhar. 7. How Silapathikaram related to Poompuhar? Silappathikaram, in particular, speaks about the greatness of Poompuhar.