MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning Course 11.401 Introduction to Housing, Community, and Economic Development Syllabus

MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning Course 11.401 Introduction to Housing, Community, and Economic Development

Syllabus

Course Meetings: Tuesdays and Thursdays, 9:30am to 11:00 am, 9-451.

Faculty: Karilyn Crockett Room 9-517 [email protected]

Office hours:

Justin Steil Room 9-515 [email protected]

Office hours: Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 3:00 to 5:00 pm. Please sign up on electronically: http://dusp.mit.edu/oh. Please do not email me to set up a time unless you have a permanent conflict with both Tuesdays and Wednesdays from 3:00 to 5:00 pm.

Teaching Assistant: Andrew Binet [email protected]

Course Description: This course provides a critical introduction to the shape and determinants of political, social, and economic inequality in urban America, and the history, development, and current prospects of the fields of housing and local economic development. The course begins with an exploration of the way cities are used to imagine and advance utopian visions. What is justice and what does it mean in the specifically urban context? It then explores ways in which housing and community economic development policy relate to current discussions of economic and racial inequality and neighborhood change. The second section of the course situates housing and community development policy within their historical, political, and institutional contexts. What is the relationship between federal policy and private, non-profit or social movement activism? What are the implications of the historical trajectory of federal, state, and local urban policies for poverty, economic inequality, and racial disparities in access to opportunity? The third section of the course provides an introduction to housing policy in the United States, particularly policies designed to produce affordable housing. It explores federal policy related to private, market-rate owner and renter occupied housing; private subsidized housing; and public housing. It also presents state, local, and non-profit led strategies to create and preserve affordable housing, such as fair share requirements and builder’s remedies, inclusionary zoning, and community land trusts. The fourth section of the course provides an introduction to community economic development policy in the United States, particularly policies focusing on small business development, low- wage workers, and economic democracy. It begins by examining theories of economic development and drivers of economic inequality. It then explores local business development, job upgrading, and economic equity policies, as well as movements for more cooperative and democratic economic structures. The fifth section of the course uses an analysis of scale to situate housing and economic development policies in the context of federalism. Why focus on local governments and local policy? What is the balance between particularism and universalism? What role does local government law and municipal fragmentation play in perpetuating inequality in access to opportunity? The final section of the course explores the role of the state in social welfare and the role of collective action in advancing access to opportunity. Throughout the semester, optional, recommended readings provide examples of how these issues are being addressed in Boston, in other cities in the United States, and internationally.

Class Participation: This is a discussion-based, rather than lecture-based, course. Students should be well prepared to participate actively in class discussions, with well-supported arguments based on the readings (not just opinions), and should make an effort to build on and react to the arguments of classmates and faculty. The quality of your participation will make up 15% of your final course grade.

Assignments: Requirements and grading are as follows:

• In-class participation (15%). Be prepared, ask questions, make arguments supported by the readings, listen to each other.

• A brief weekly response paper of roughly 500 words each (35%). These should present a critical assessment of the assigned material and not a mere restatement of content. The responses give you an opportunity to analyze key ideas that cut across readings, identify questions the readings prompt you to ask, suggest critiques of the data, methodology, or conclusions, or raise concepts you want to clarify. You will be expected to submit one response per week via the Forum section of Stellar, either on Monday at 3:00 pm, discussing the Tuesday readings, or Wednesday at 3:00 pm, discussing the Thursday readings. No response paper is expected in the first or last weeks and you can choose not to submit in one week of your choice. Therefore a total of 10 responses should be submitted. The responses will be graded on a √+, √, √- scale. A “√+” will count for 5 out of 5 points, a “√” 4 out of 5 points, and a “√-“ 3 out of 5 points.

2 • Current event presentation (10%). Pick two weeks to present, in pairs. Briefly present a current event relevant to that week’s readings and facilitate a 15 minute discussion exploring how the readings shed light on that event.

• Research Paper or Project of Change Proposal (35%). Beginning in week four, students should form groups of not more than four students to work collaboratively on either 1) a final research paper or 2) a proposal for a project that responds to a contemporary issue in housing or community economic development. The research paper or the project of change may be designed in collaboration with a local community-based organization, public agency, or by the team without outside consultation. A preliminary outline or description for the paper or project is due on Friday, September 29, at 5:00 pm. The preliminary outline should be 500-800 words and should describe (1) the question or problem that is the subject of the proposed research paper or project of change, (2) the theoretical concepts from the course relevant to answering the question or making the change, (3) the data (qualitative, quantitative, or archival) relevant to answering that question or designing the project, and (4) the methods of analysis or intervention that will be used. The final research paper or project of change proposal is due on Friday, November 30 at 5:00 pm and should not exceed 2,500 words.

• Final Presentation (5%). Over the last 3 days of class, each group will present their research to their classmates in a prepared presentation not to exceed 12 minutes. Presentations will be evaluated on their content, organization, delivery, and ability to end on time.

• OPTIONAL assignment - Tremont/Washington Street walk (Extra credit - 5%). In groups of 2 or 3, walk from the Chinatown T station to Dudley Station (about 2 miles). Observe and document some of the physical, economic, cultural, organizational, and social assets you observe, both visually and in any interactions or conversations you have with merchants, passersby, or people waiting for transit (please don’t conduct interviews, but striking up a casual conversation is encouraged). Pick one of the neighborhoods that you have walked through – Chinatown, the South End, or Lower Roxbury. How would you characterize that neighborhood’s primary strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats? What external threats and opportunities facing the area as a whole may play out in that neighborhood? Write 500-700 words briefly summarizing your analysis, with 1-3 tables of relevant data from the 2011-2015 American Community Survey that reinforce your points. Due on Stellar Sunday, September 9 at 5:00 pm.

Grading Rubric The following grading rubric will be applied to evaluate written submissions: I) Does it answer the question? (30%) i. Does it have a clear thesis that is responsive to the question? ii. Does it support this thesis with appropriate evidence? II) Does it incorporate concepts and methodologies from the assigned readings? (40%) i. Does it interpret and apply those readings correctly? ii. Does it add original critiques and analyses of those readings? III) Does it present an original argument? (20%) i. Does it display critical thinking? ii. Does it offer innovative insights?

3 IV) Does it present a compelling, well-structured argument? (10%) i. Does it have a logical structure that supports the development of the thesis? ii. Does it engage with counter-arguments and acknowledge weaknesses?

Grading Scale Grades are assigned using the following scale: A 96-100 A- 91-95 B+ 86-90 B 81-85 B- 76-80 C+ 71-75 C 66-70 C- 61-65 D+ 56-60

Late submissions All submissions should be submitted via Stellar. In the event that medical or other personal circumstances arise that interfere with your ability to complete assignments on time, extension requests can be made to the Office of the Dean of Graduate Education (http://odge.mit.edu). If the ODGE decides that an extension is warranted, they will send a generic note that your assignment deadline should be extended without penalty. This policy is intended to preserve your privacy. Any assignment submitted after the deadline, without a request for an extension that was approved by ODGE, will be marked down 5 points out of 100. Any assignment more than 3 hours late will be marked down a further 10 points. A further 10 points will be deducted for each day the assignment is late.

Writing help The WCC at MIT (Writing and Communication Center) offers free one-on-one professional advice from communication experts. The WCC is staffed completely by MIT lecturers. All have advanced degrees. All are experienced college classroom teachers of communication. All are all are published scholars and writers. Not counting the WCC’s director’s years (he started the WCC in 1982), the WCC lecturers have a combined 133 years’ worth of teaching here at MIT (ranging from 4 to 24 years). The WCC works with undergraduate, graduate students, post-docs, faculty, staff, alums, and spouses. The WCC helps you strategize about all types of academic and professional writing as well as about all aspects of oral presentations (including practicing classroom presentations & conference talks as well as designing slides). No matter what department or discipline you are in, the WCC helps you think your way more deeply into your topic, helps you see new implications in your data, research, and ideas. The WCC also helps with all English as Second Language issues, from writing and grammar to pronunciation and conversation practice. The WCC is located in E18-233, 50 Ames Street. To guarantee yourself a time, make an appointment. To register with our online scheduler and to make appointments, go to https://mit.mywconline.com/. To access the WCC’s many pages of advice about writing and oral presentations, go to http://cmsw.mit.edu/writing-and-communication-center/ . Check the online scheduler for up-to-date hours and available appointments.

4 Academic integrity Fundamental to the academic work you do at MIT is an expectation that you will make choices that reflect integrity and responsible behavior. Honesty is the foundation of good academic work. Do trust the value of your own intellect and credit others for their work. Do not copy ideas or phrases without citing them appropriately. Do not submit projects or papers that have been written for a previous class. See https://integrity.mit.edu/.

Safe and Equitable Learning Environment: MIT is dedicated to providing a safe and equitable learning environment for all students. Discrimination, sexual assault, and harassment are not tolerated by the Institute. You are encouraged to report any incidents to the Title IX Office. This is important for the safety of the whole MIT community. Violence Prevention & Response’s hotline, 617-253-2300, provides 24/7 confidential support. Please visit https://titleix.mit.edu/ for more information on reporting options and other resources.

Optional Field Trips: There will be several optional field trips associated with the course tentatively scheduled for the following dates:

Cambridge Housing Authority (Tuesday, 10/2, 9:00-11:00 am) Quincy Heights and CommonWealth Kitchen (Thursday, 9/28, 3-5pm) Dudley Street Neighborhood Initiative (Thursday, 10/19, 3-5pm) City Life / Vida Urbana (Tuesday, 11/28 from 6-8pm)

Optional Movies: We will screen several optional movies with themes related to the course tentatively scheduled for the following dates:

Eyes on the Prize: The Keys to the Kingdom (1974-1980) (Tuesday 9/12 at 7:45 pm) Holding Ground: The Rebirth of Dudley Street (Tuesday 9/19 at 7:45 pm) Palante Siempre Palante (Tuesday 12/5 at 7:45 pm)

Optional Community meetings you could attend: To provide context for the materials discussed in class, you may be interested in attending some community meetings. Below are several that could be particularly interesting, but any meetings would be worthwhile.

Boston City Council – Wednesdays at 12:00 pm Cambridge City Council – Mondays at 5:30 pm Somerville Board of Alderman – 2nd and 4th Thursdays at 7:00 pm Boston Planning and Development Agency– select Thursdays at 3:30 pm City Life/Vida Urbana – Tuesdays at 6:15 pm at 284 Amory Street, Jamaica Plain

5 Part I: Introduction

1. Visions of the City (Thursday, September 6) Lefebvre, Henri. 1996. Writings on Cities. London: Blackwell. Read “The Right to the City,” pp. 147-159. (12 pages) Hayden, Dolores. 1982. The Grand Domestic Revolution: A History of Feminist Designs for American Homes, Neighborhoods, and Cities. Cambridge: MIT Press. Read Introduction, pp. 1-29. (29 pages) Graham, Stephen and Simon Marvin. 2001. Splintering Urbanism (London: Routledge, 2001). Read “Constructing the Modern Networked City, 1850-1960,” pp. 40-89. Moten, Fred and Stefano Harney. 2013. The Undercommons: Fugitive Planning and Black Study. Wivenhoe: Undercommons. Read Chapter 5: Planning and Policy, pp. 73-82. (9 pages) Tobias, Jimmy. 2018. Meet the Rising New Housing Movement That Wants to Create Homes for All. The Nation. May 24.

Recommended: Boston City of Boston. 2017. Imagine Boston 2030: A Plan for the Future of Boston. https://imagine.boston.gov/imagine-boston-plan/ Glaeser, Edward. 2005. “Reinventing Boston: 1630—2003,” Journal of Economic Geography 5(2): 119-153. Other U.S. Boyer, Christine M. 1994. Dreaming the Rational City: The Myth of American City Planning. Cambridge: MIT Press. National League of Cities. 2018. State of the Cities 2018. https://www.nlc.org/resource/state- of-the-cities-2018 Blackwell, Angela Glover. 2017. “Infrastructure is Not Just Roads and Bridges.” The New York Times, June 9, 2017. Right to the City. https://righttothecity.org/ International Kelley, Robin. 2002. Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination. Boston: Beacon Press. Read “Keepin’ It Surreal” pp. 157-194. Pinder, David. 2005. Visions of the City: Utopianism, Power and Politics in Twentieth-Century Urbanism. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Chapter 5. Solnit, Rebecca. 2016. Hope is an Embrace of the Unknown. The Guardian, July 15, 2016. (9 pages)

Sunday, September 9 at 5pm – OPTIONAL Tremont/Washington Street Walk assignment due

2. Justice and the City (Tuesday, September 11) Fainstein, Susan. 2010. The Just City. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Read Introduction and Chapter 1, pp. 1-56. (56 pages)

6 Harvey, David. 1973. Social Justice and the City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Read Chapter 7, pp. 286-314. (29 pages) Pulido, Laura. 2006. Black, Brown, Yellow & Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. Read “Race and Political Activism,” pp. 15-34. Coates, Ta-Nehisi. 2014. “The Case for Reparations.” The Atlantic. (47 pages)

Recommended: Boston City of Boston. 2017. Resilient Boston: An Equitable and Connected City. King, Mel. 1981. Chain of Change: Struggles for Black Community Development. Boston: South End Press. Introduction, pp. xv-xxix, Chapter 19, pp. 231-241. Other U.S. Pulido, Laura. 2006. “Differential Racialization in Southern California,” & “The Politicization of the Third World Left,” Black, Brown, Yellow & Left: Radical Activism in Los Angeles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006. pp. 34-85. International Malkin, Elisabeth. 2017. “In Housing Co-Op, A Capsule View of Mexico City History.” The New York Times, June 12, 2017. Harvey, David. 1973. Social Justice and the City. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Read Chapter 6 (excerpts), pp. 195-240. (45 pages)

3. Urban Inequality of Wealth and Income (Thursday, September 13) Alvaredo, Facundo, Anthony Atkinson, Thomas Piketty, and Emmanuel Saez. 2013. “The Top 1 Percent in International and Historical Perspective.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 27(3): 3-20. (17 pages) Autor, David H. 2014. “Skills, Education, and the Rise of Earnings Inequality Among the ‘Other 99 Percent.’” Science 334(6186): 843-851. (8 pages) Muñoz, Ana et al. 2015. The Color of Wealth in Boston. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. https://www.bostonfed.org/publications/one-time-pubs/color-of-wealth.aspx Read pp. 1-23. Shapiro, Thomas M., and Melvin L. Oliver. 1995. Black Wealth/ White Wealth: A New Perspective on Racial Inequality. New York: Routledge. Read Chapter 5, pp. 91-125. (33 pages) Wynter, Sylvia. “1492: A New World View,” In Race, Discourse and the Origin of the Americas; A New World View, ed. Vera Lawrence Hyatt & Rex Nettleford. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. Pp. 5-57.

Recommended: Boston Kennedy, Marie, Chris Tilly, and Mauricio Gaston. 1990. “Transformative Populism and the Development of a Community of Color.” In Joseph M. Kling and Prudence S. Posner, eds. Class, Community, and the Politics of Local Mobilization. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 302-323. Vrabel, Jim. 2014. A People's History of the New Boston. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. Chapters 10-11, 13-14.

7 Horowitz, Evan. 2016. “Few States Match Mass. in Income Inequality.” The Boston Globe. January 16, 2016. Other U.S. Desmond, Matthew. 2017. “How Homeownership Became the Engine of American Inequality.” The New York Times, May 9, 2017. Ganong, Peter and Daniel Shoag. 2017. "Why Has Regional Income Convergence in the U.S. Declined?" NBER Working Paper No. 23609. Wolff, Edward. 2017. Household Wealth Trends in the United States, 1962-2016. NBER Working Paper 24085. http://www.nber.org/papers/w24085 Chetty, Raj, David Grusky, Maximilian Hell, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert Manduca, and Jimmy Narang. 2017. “The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility since 1940.” Working Paper 22910. National Bureau of Economics. Holmes, Natalie and Alan Berube. 2016. “City and Metropolitan Inequality on the Rise, Driven by Declining Incomes.” The Brooking Institution. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/research/city-and-metropolitan-inequality-on-the-rise- driven-by-declining-incomes/ International Harvey, David. 2007. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Introduction and Chapter 1, pp. 1-38. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Teitz, Michael B. and Karen Chapple. 2013. “Planning and Poverty: An Uneasy Relationship,” in Naomi Carmon and Susan S. Fainstein, eds., Policy, Planning, and People: Promoting Justice in Urban Development (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013), pp. 205-223. (19 pages) Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson and James Robinson. 2005. “Institutions as a Fundamental Cause of Long-Run Growth.” Handbook of Economic Growth 1A: 386-472. Saxenian, Anna Lee. 2007. The New Argonauts: Regional Advantage in a Global Economy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Chapter 8 Harrington, Brooke. 2016. To have and have more: Wealth management and the growth of global inequality. http://www.oecd.org/social/wealth-management-global- inequality.htm

4. Urban Inequality of Neighborhood and Opportunity (Tuesday, September 18) Appadurai, Ajrun. 1996. Modernity at Large. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Read “Patriotism and Its Futures” and “The Production of Locality” pp. 158-199. Alexander, Michelle. 2010. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press. Read Chapter 1, pp. 20-58. (38 pages) Hannah-Jones, Nikole. 2016. “Choosing a School for My Daughter in a Segregated City.” The New York Times, June 9, 2016. (20 pages) Wiewel, Wim, Michael Teitz, and Robert Giloth. 2008. “The Economic Development of Neighborhoods and Localities,” in Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens, eds. The Community Development Reader (New York: Routledge, 2008), Chapter 11, pp. 92-101. (10 pages)

Recommended: Boston

8 Lukas, J. Anthony. 1985. Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families. New York: Knopf. Chapters 9 and 10, pp. 115-159. McDonald, Michael Patrick. 1999. All Souls: A Family Story From Southie. Boston: Beacon Press. Chapters 1, 3, 4, pp. 1-15 and 50-106. Other U.S. Couture, Victor and Jessie Handbury. 2017. Urban Revival in America 2000 to 2010. NBER Working Paper 24084 http://www.nber.org/papers/w24084 Schwartz, Heather. 2010. “Housing Policy is School Policy: Economically Integrative Housing Promotes Academic Success in Montgomery County, Maryland.” The Century Foundation. Read pp. 3-11. (8 pages) Sampson, Robert. 2017. “Urban Sustainability in an Age of Enduring Inequalities: Advancing Theory and Ecometrics for the 21st-Century City.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Chadha, Janaki and Ruth Ford. 2017. “What Drives NYC’s Health Disparities.” City Limits, January 4, 2017. (5 pages) International Kothari, Miloon and Shivani Chaudhry. 2009. “Taking the Right to the City Forward: Obstacles and Promises.” State of the World’s Cities 2010/11. (15 pages)

Part II: The Context of Housing and Community Development Policy

5. Historical Context (Thursday, September 20) (MCP2s on Project of Change) Wright, Gwendolyn. 1981. Building the Dream: A Social History of Housing in America. New York: Pantheon Books. Read introduction. O’Connor, Alice. 2001. “Swimming Against the Tide: A Brief History of Federal Policy in Poor Communities,” in Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens, eds. The Community Development Reader (New York: Routledge, 2008), Chapter 2, pp. 9-26. (18 pages) DeFilippis, James. 2004. Unmaking Goliath: Community Control in the Face of Global Capital. New York: Routledge. Read Chapter 2, “Collective Ownership and Community Control and Development: The Long View,” pp. 37-59. (22 pages) Sites, William, Robert J. Chaskin, and Virginia Parks. 2012. "Reframing Community Practice for the 21st Century: Multiple Traditions, Multiple Challenges," in James DeFilippis and Susan Saegert, eds., The Community Development Reader (New York: Routledge, 2012), Chapter 4, pp. 38-50. (13 pages)

Recommended: Boston Medoff, Peter and Holly Sklar. 1994. Streets of Hope: The Fall and Rise of an Urban Neighborhood. Boston: South End Press. Introduction and Chapter 1: pp. 1-36. Other U.S. Weir, Margaret. 1999. “Power, Money, and Politics in Community Development.” In R. E. Ferguson and W. T. Dickens, eds., Urban Problems and Community Development (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press), pp. 139-187. (48 pages) Thomas, June Manning. 2013. Redevelopment and Race: Planning a Finer City in Postwar

9 Detroit. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. Meyerson, Harold. 2013. “L.A. Story,” The American Prospect, August 6, 2013. International Scott, James C. 1998. Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed. New Haven: Yale University Press. Chapter 2: pp. 53-84. (31 pages)

6. Institutional Context (Tuesday, September 25) Sampson, Robert. 2012. "What 'Community' Supplies," in James DeFilippis and Susan Saegert, eds., The Community Development Reader (New York: Routledge, 2012). Chapter 36, pp. 308-318. (11 pages) Chaskin, Robert et al.. Building Community Capacity. Chapter 1. “Community Capacity and Capacity Building: A Definitional Framework” Vidal, Avis and W. Dennis Keating. 2004. Community Development: Current Issues and Emerging Challenges. Journal of Urban Affairs 26(2): 125-137. Stoecker, Randy. 2008. “The CDC Model of Urban Development: A Critique and an Alternative,” in Ronald F. Ferguson and William T. Dickens, eds. The Community Development Reader (New York: Routledge, 2008). Chapter 36, pp. 303-310. (8 pages) Storper, Michael, Thomas Kemeny, Naji P. Makarem, and Taner Osman. 2015. The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies: Lessons from San Francisco and Los Angeles. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Read pp. 15-26. (12 pages)

Recommended: Boston Medoff, Peter and Holly Sklar. 1994. Streets of Hope: The Fall and Rise of an Urban Neighborhood. Boston: South End Press. Read Chapters 2-3: pp. 37-88. Seidman, Karl, Tunney Lee, and Elise Selinger. 2016. From Urban Renewal to Affordable Housing Production System: Mayors and the Evolution of Community Development Corporations in Boston. The Community Innovators Lab (CoLab). Other U.S. DeFilippis, James and Susan Saegert. 2012. “Communities Develop: The Question is How?” in James DeFilippis and Susan Saegert, eds., The Community Development Reader (New York: Routledge, 2012). Chapter 1, pp. 1-8. (8 pages) Logan, Jonathan and Harvey Molotch. 2002. “The City as a Growth Machine.” In Susan Fainstein and Scott Campbell, eds., Readings in Urban Theory (New York: Blackwell, 2002), Chapter 10. Somers, Margaret and Fred Block. 2005. “From Poverty to Perversity: Ideas, Markets, and Institutions over 200 Years of Welfare Debate.” American Sociological Review 70(2): 260-287. Grogan, Paul and Tony Proscio. 2000. Comeback Cities: A Blueprint for Urban Neighborhood Revival. Boulder: Westview Press. Chapter 4, pp. 65-101. International Johnson, Chalmers. 1999. “The Developmental State: Odyssey of a Concept.” In Meredith Woo-Cummings, ed., The Developmental State (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999).

7. Political Context (Thursday, September 27) Harvey, David. 1989. “From Managerialism to Entrepreneurialism: The Transformation in Urban Governance in Late Capitalism.” Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 71(1): 3-17. (15 pages) Thompson, J. Phillip. 2005. Double Trouble: Black Mayors, Black Communities, and the Call for a Deep Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Read “Is Empowerment Possible?” pp. 19-26. (8 pages). Stepan, Alfred and Juan Linz. 2011. “Comparative Perspectives on Inequality and the Quality of Democracy in the United States.” Perspectives on Politics 9(4): 841-56 Stone, Clarence & Robert P. Stoker. Urban Neighborhoods in a New Era. Chapters 1 and 9.

Recommended: Boston Medoff, Peter and Holly Sklar. 1994. Streets of Hope: The Fall and Rise of an Urban Neighborhood. Boston: South End Press. Read Chapters 4-5, pp. 89-144. Jennings, James. 2004. “Urban Planning, Community Participation and the Roxbury Master Plan in Boston.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 594: 12-33. Other U.S. Weir, Margaret. 2004. “A Century of Debate about Regionalism and Metropolitan Government.” (25 pages) Williamson, Vanessa and Theda Skocpol. 2017. “What Can (or Should) Activists Learn from the Tea Party?” The Washington Post, May 11, 2017. Abello, Oscar Perry. 2016. “How East Harlem Wrote Its Own Development Plan.” Next City, June 20, 2016. https://nextcity.org/features/view/east-harlem-neighborhood-plan- upzoning-affordable-housing Schneider, Benjamin. 2018. The American Housing Crisis Might Be Our Next Big Political Issue. https://www.citylab.com/equity/2018/05/is-housing-americas-next-big-political- issue/560378/ International Brenner, Neil. 2004. “Urban Governance and the Production of New State Spaces in Western Europe, 1960-2000.” Review of International Political Economy 11(3): 447-488. The Economist. 2018. As inequality grows, so does the political influence of the rich: Concentrated wealth leads to concentrated power.

PROJECT OF CHANGE: The preliminary outline of your project of change is due Friday, September 29, at 5:00 pm.

Part III: Housing Policy

8. Introduction to Housing Markets and Policy (Tuesday, October 2)

11 Glaeser, Edward and Joseph Gyourko. 2008. Rethinking Federal Housing Policy: How to Make Housing Plentiful and Affordable. Read Introduction and Conclusion, pp. 1-15, 119-36. (32 pages) Achtenberg, Emily Paradise and Peter Marcuse. 1986. “Toward the Decommodification of Housing,” in Rachel G. Bratt et al. eds., Critical Perspectives on Housing (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986), pp. 474-483. (9 pages). Malpezzi, Steven. 2012. Global Perspectives on Housing Markets and Policy. in Rethinking Cities: A Roadmap Towards Better Urbanization for Development, edited by Edward Glaeser and Abha Joshi-Ghani.

Recommended: Boston City of Boston. 2014. Housing A Changing City: Boston 2030. Available at: http://www.cityofboston.gov/dnd/boston2030.asp Other U.S. Pattillo, Mary. 2013. “Housing: Commodity Versus Right.” Annual Review of Sociology 39: 509-31. (22 pages) O’Flaherty, Brendan. 2011. “Rental Housing Assistance for the 21st Century.” Cityscape 13(2): 127-145. (19 pages) Tsemberis, Sam. 2010. “Housing First: Ending Homelessness, Promoting Recovery, and Reducing Costs,” in Ingrid Gould Ellen and Brendan O’Flaherty, eds., How to House the Homeless (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2010), pp. 37-56. (19 pages) Marcuse, Peter. 1986. “Housing Policy and the Myth of the Benevolent State,” in Rachel Bratt et al. eds., Critical Perspectives on Housing (Temple University Press, 1986). (7 pages) Desmond, Matthew and Monica Bell. 2015. “Housing, Poverty, and the Law.” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 11: 15-35. (20 pages) Dillon, Liam. 2017. “California Lawmakers Have Tried for 50 Years to Fix the State’s Housing Crisis. Here’s Why They’ve Failed.” Los Angeles Times. June 29, 2017. Murphy, Jarrett. 2018. A Toolkit to Fight Displacement in NYC Neighborhoods, Other U.S. Cities. City Limits, August 6. https://citylimits.org/2018/08/06/a-toolkit-to-fight- displacement-in-nyc-neighborhoods-other-u-s-cities/ U.S. Census Bureau. Characteristics of New Housing https://www.census.gov/construction/chars/ Furman Center, 2018. State of New York City’s Subsidized Housing in 2017. International Malpezzi, Steven. 2012. Global Perspectives on Housing Markets and Policy. in Rethinking Cities: A Roadmap Towards Better Urbanization for Development, edited by Edward Glaeser and Abha Joshi-Ghani. King, Robin, Marianna Orloff, Terra Virsilas, and Tejas Pande. 2017. “Confronting the Urban Housing Crisis in the Global South: Adequate, Secure, and Affordable Housing.” World Resources Report. Whitehead, Christine. 1999. "Urban housing markets: Theory and policy." In Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics (3): 1559-1594. Reports

12 Joint Center for Housing Studies. 2017. The State of the Nation’s Housing. Executive Summary, pp. 1-6. Available at: http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/research/state_nations_housing National Low Income Housing Coalition. 2018. Out of Reach. Introduction and Where The Numbers Come From. Available at: http://nlihc.org/oor

9. Private market-rate owned and rented housing (Thursday, October 4) Vale, Lawrence J. 2007. “The Ideological Origins of Affordable Homeownership Efforts,” in William M. Rohe and Harry L. Watson, eds., Chasing the American Dream: New Perspectives on Affordable Homeownership (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2007). Read pp. 15-40 (26 pages) Herbert, Christopher E., Daniel T. McCue, and Rocio Sanchez-Moyano. 2014. “Is Homeownership Still an Effective Means of Building Wealth for Low-Income and Minority Households? Was It Ever?” in Eric S. Belsky, Christopher E. Herbert, and Jennifer H. Molinsky, eds., Homeownership Built to Last: Balancing Access, Affordability, and Risk after the Housing Crisis (Brookings, 2014). Read pp. 1-15, 42- 50. (23 pages) Pender, Kathleen. 2018. California Gearing Up for Big Battle Over Rent Control. San Francisco Chronical, July 21, 2018. https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/networth/article/California-gearing-up-for-big- battle-over-rent-13092956.php National Low Income Housing Coalition. 2018. Senators Propose Two Bold Renters Tax Credits Bills. http://nlihc.org/article/senators-propose-two-bold-renters-tax-credits-bills Desmond, Matthew. 2016. “Forced Out.” The New Yorker, February 8 & 16, 2016. (19 pages)

Recommended: Boston The Boston Foundation. 2016. The Greater Boston Housing Report Card. Available at: http://www.tbf.org/videos/2015/march/housing-report-card WBUR. 2015. “Evictions in East Boston: The Push for a ‘Just Cause’ Ordinance.” December 12, 2015. Available at: http://www.wbur.org/radioboston/2015/12/14/just-cause- ordinance Other U.S. Belsky, Eric and Rachel Drew. 2008. “Rental Housing Challenges and Policy Responses,” in Nicolas P. Retsinas and Eric S. Belsky, eds., Revisiting Rental Housing (Washington: Brookings, 2008). Pp. 14-58. (34 pages) Marcuse, Peter and W. Dennis Keating. 2006. “The Permanent Housing Crisis: The Failures of Conservatism and the Limitations of Liberalism.” In Rachel G. Bratt, Michael E. Stone, and Chester Hartman, eds. A Right to Housing: Foundation for a New Social Agenda. (Philadelphia: Temple Press, 2006). pp. 139-162. (23 pages) Reid, Carolina. 2014. “To Buy or Not to Buy? Understanding Tenure Preferences and the Decision-Making Processes of Lower-Income Households.” in Eric S. Belsky, Christopher E. Herbert, and Jennifer H. Molinsky, eds., Homeownership Built to Last:

13 Balancing Access, Affordability, and Risk after the Housing Crisis (Brookings, 2014). (25 pages) Greenberg, Michael. 2017. “Tenants Under Siege: Inside New York City’s Housing Crisis.” The New York Review of Books, August 17, 2017. Fletcher, Michael. 2015. “A Shattered Foundation: African Americans Who Bought Homes in Prince George’s Have Watched Their Wealth Vanish.” The Washington Post. Diamond, Rebecca, Tim McQuade, and Franklin Qian. 2017. The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco. NBER Working Paper 24181, http://www.nber.org/papers/w24181 International Carliner, Michael and Ellen Marya. 2016. Rental Housing: An International Comparison. Joint Center for Housing Studies. Monkkonen, Paavo. 2011. Housing Finance Reform and Increasing Socioeconomic Segregation in Mexico. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 36(4): 757-772.

10. Private subsidized housing (Thursday, October 11) Mallach, Alan. 2009. A Decent Home: Planning, Building and Preserving Affordable Housing. Chapters 1-2, pp. 1-47. (47 pages) Collinson, Robert, Ingrid Gould Ellen, and Jens Ludwig. 2015. “Low-Income Housing Policy” in Economics of Means-Tested Transfer Programs in the United States, Volume 2, Moffitt. http://www.nber.org/papers/w21071 (46 pages)

Recommended: Boston Citizens Housing and Planning Association. 2014. CHAPA Summary on State Housing and Community Development Policy. Available at: https://www.chapa.org/about- chapa/chapa-publications/chapa-policy-summary-state-housing-and-community- development-policy Massachusetts Association of Community Development Corporations. 2017. “MACDC 2017- 2018 Advocacy Agenda.” Other U.S. Capps, Kriston. 2017. “A Bipartisan Fix to the Housing Crisis?” CityLab, August 2, 2017. International Economist. 2017. “3D Printing and Clever Computers Could Revolutionise Construction.” The Economist. Holmans, Alan, Kathleen Scanlon, and Christine M. E. Whitehead. 2002. "Fiscal Policy Instruments to Promote Affordable Housing." Research Report, VII. Cambridge Centre for Housing and Planning Research, Cambridge, UK.

11. Financing and Building Private Subsidized Housing (Tuesday, October 16) (Jim McSherry) Mallach, Alan. 2009. A Decent Home: Planning, Building and Preserving Affordable Housing. Chapters 5-6, pp. 101-156.

14 Schwartz, Alex F. 2014. Housing Policy in the United States. New York: Routledge. Read Chapters 5 and 7, pp. 135-156 and 203-223.

Boston Prevost, Lisa. 2017. “Is this Complex Affordable Housing Deal A Promising Model or a Unicorn?” Next City, July 3, 2017. Other U.S. Diamond, Rebecca and Tim McQuade. 2017. Who Wants Affordable Housing in their Backyard? An Equilibrium Analysis of Low Income Property Development O’Regan, Katherine and Keren M. Horn. 2012. “What Can We Learn about the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Program by Looking at the Tenants?” Furman Center Housing Policy Brief. (8 pages)

12. Public housing (Thursday, October 18) (Larry Vale) Vale, Lawrence J. (video lecture) “Public Housing in the United States: Public Housing, Neighborhood Renewal and the Poor (or, Some Things to Think About Before Thinking About ‘Mixed-Income’ Housing).” Bristol, Katherine G. 1991. “The Pruitt-Igoe Myth.” Journal of Architectural Education 44(3): 163-171. (9 pages) Vale, Lawrence J. 2014. “Myth #6: Mixed-Income Redevelopment Is the Only Way to Fix Failed Public Housing.” In Nicholas Bloom, Fritz Umbach, and Lawrence J. Vale, eds., Public Housing Myths: Beyond Victims and Villains (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014). pp. 139-153. (15 pages) Vale, Larry, Nicholas Kelly, Nathaniel Hendren, John Powell, and Robert Chaskin. 2016. “Public Housing and Deconcentrating Poverty.” The Dream Revisited. http://furmancenter.org/research/iri/discussions/public-housing-and-deconcentrating- poverty. (13 pages) U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Choice Neighborhoods program webpage (see link on Stellar) Stephens, Alexis. 2014. “Risks vs. Rewards: Inside HUD’s Favorite New Program.” Next City, October 9, 2014. (4 pages) Navarro, Mireya. 2014. “Public Housing in New York Reaches a Fiscal Crisis.” The New York Times, August 11, 2014. (5 pages)

Recommended: Boston Vale, Larry. 2000. From the Puritans to the Projects: Public Housing and Public Neighbors. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Pp. 1-16. Other U.S. Schwartz, Alex. "Future Prospects for Public Housing in the United States: Lessons from the Rental Assistance Demonstration Program." Housing Policy Debate 27(5): 789-806, International Andersson, Roger and Lena Magnusson Turner. 2014. Segregation, gentrification, and residualisation: from public housing to market-driven housing allocation in inner city Stockholm. International Journal of Housing Policy 14(1): 3-29.

15 Chiu, Rebecca. 2010. The Transferability of Hong Kong's Public Housing Policy. International Journal of Housing Policy 10(3): 301-323. Blumgart, Jake. 2014. Four Public Housing Lessons the U.S. Could Learn From the Rest of the World. Next City, August 26, 2014. Forrest, Adam. 2018. Vienna’s Affordable Housing Paradise. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/vienna-affordable-housing- paradise_us_5b4e0b12e4b0b15aba88c7b0?guccounter=1

13. Gentrification (Tuesday, October 23) (Lisa Owens) Ellen, Ingrid Gould and Kathy O’Regan. 2011. “How Low Income Neighborhoods Change: Entry, Exit, and Enhancement.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 41(2): 89-97. (18 pages) Albee, Allison, Rebecca Johnson, and Jeffrey Lubell. 2015. “Preserving, Protecting, and Expanding Affordable Housing: A Policy Toolkit for Public Health.” ChangeLab Solutions. Read pp. 18-55. (47 pages) Sanneh, Kelefa. 2016. “Is Gentrification Really a Problem?” The New Yorker, July 11 & 18, 2016. (13 pages) Association for Neighborhood and Housing Development (ANHD). 2018. Anti-Displacement Toolkit. https://www.antidisplacementtoolkit.org/

Recommended: Boston Autor, David, Christopher Palmer, and Parag Pathak. 2014. “Housing Market Spillovers: Evidence from the End of Rent Control in Cambridge, Massachusetts.” Journal of Political Economy 122(3): 661-717. Jennings, James, Bob Terrell, Jen Douglas, Kalila Barnett, and Ashley E. Harding. 2016. Understanding Gentrification and Displacement: Community Voices and Changing Neighborhoods. Read pp. 1-29. (29 pages) Other U.S. Grabar, Henry. 2017. “San Francisco’s Civil War.” Slate. June 28, 2017. Savitch-Lew, Abigail. 2017. “How Other Cities are Fighting the Displacement So Many in NYC Fear.” City Limits. February 9, 2017. International Walks, R. Alan and Richard Maaranen. 2013. Gentrification, Social Mix, and Social Polarization: Testing the Linkages in Large Canadian Cities. Urban Geography 29(4): 293-326. Smith, Neil. 2002. New globalism, new urbanism: gentrification as global urban strategy. Antipode 34(3): 427-450. (23 pages)

Part IV: Community Economic Development

14. Job Quality and Upgrading (Thursday, October 25) (Paul Osterman) Osterman, Paul. 2011. Good Jobs America: Making Work Better for Everyone. New York: Russell Sage. Read selections from Chapter 1, Chapter 4, selections from Chapter 5,

16 selections from Chapter 6, Chapter 7, and Chapter 8, pp.1-8, 15-17, 48-69, 81-88, 101- 133. (74 pages) Osterman, Paul. Forthcoming. "In Search of the High Road: Meaning and Evidence." Industrial and Labor Relations Review. (53 pages)

Recommended: Boston Johnston, Katie. 2016. “A Tale of Two Cities: Boston Is a Place of Haves, Have-Nots.” The Boston Globe, March 15, 2016. Other U.S. Parks, Virginia and Dorian Warren. 2009. “The Politics and Practice of Economic Justice: Community Benefits Agreements as Tactic of the New Accountable Development Movement.” Journal of Community Practice 17: 88-106. Milkman, Ruth. 2011. Immigrant Workers, Precarious Work, and the US Labor Movement. Globalizations 8(3): 361-372.

15. State, Local, and Private Affordability Mechanism (from Part III) (Tuesday, October 30) Social Housing Stone, Michael. 2006. “Social Ownership.” In Rachel G. Bratt, Michael E. Stone, and Chester Hartman, eds. A Right to Housing: Foundation for a New Social Agenda. (Philadelphia: Temple Press, 2006). Read pp. 240-256 (16 pages) Huron, Amanda. 2014. “Creating a Commons in the Capital: The Emergence of Limited Equity Housing Cooperatives in Washington, DC.” Washington History 26(2): 57-67. (10 pages) Inclusionary zoning Armstrong, Amy, Vicki Been, Rachel Meltzer, and Jenny Schuetz. 2008. “The Effects of Inclusionary Zoning on Local Housing Markets: Lessons from the San Francisco, Washington DC and Suburban Boston Areas.” The Furman Center Policy Brief. (11 pages) Community Land Trusts Curtin, Julie Farrell and Lance Bocarsly. 2008. “CLTs: A Growing Trend in Affordable Home Ownership,” 17 Journal of Affordable Housing & Community Development Law. 367- 394. Read pp. 367-390. (23 pages)

Recommended: Boston Medoff, Peter and Holly Sklar. 1994. Streets of Hope: The Fall and Rise of an Urban Neighborhood. Boston: South End Press. Read Chapter 6, pp. 145-168. (23 pages) Fisher, Lynn. 2008. “Reviewing Chapter 40B: What Gets Proposed, What Gets Approved, What Gets Appealed, and What Gets Built?” Rappaport Institute Policy Brief, November 2008. Larson, Sandra. 2016. “Land Trust Network Launches in Boston.” Next City, May 5, 2016. Available at: https://nextcity.org/daily/entry/boston-land-trust-network-launches Other U.S.

17 Mallach, Alan. 2010. “The Mt. Laurel Doctrine and The Uncertainties of Social Policy in a Time of Retrenchment.” 63 Rutgers L. Rev. 849-866. (18 pages) Schwartz, Alex F. 2014. Housing Policy in the United States. New York: Routledge. Chapter 5, Chapter 7, and selection from Chapter 9, pp. 135-162, 203-226, 265-300. (88 pages). Savitch-Lew, Abigail. 2017. “City Dips Toe into Funding Community Land Trusts.” City Limits. July 19, 2017. Varghese, Romy. 2018. Oregon Weighs Record Bond for Housing as Real Estate Prices Jump. International Calavita, Nico and Alan Mallach. 2010. Inclusionary Housing in International Perspective: Affordable Housing, Social Inclusion, and Land Value Recapture. Cambridge: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Chapter 1. Brooke, Heather. 2017. “An Inferno of Public Trust.” The New York Times. June 15, 2017.

16. Economic Equity and Inclusion (Thursday, November 1) City of Boston. 2016. Economic Equity and Inclusion Agenda. Available at: http://www.cityofboston.gov/pdfs/economicequityinclusionagenda.pdf (23 pages) City of Boston. 2016. Boston’s Workforce Development: An Assessment of Labor Market Outcomes and Opportunities. Available at: http://owd.boston.gov/wp- content/uploads/2016/03/2015-Office-of-Workforce-Development-Workforce-Report- Booklet_v1_r8_spreads.pdf (41 pages) Irwin, Neil. 2016. “With ‘Gigs’ Instead of Jobs, Workers Bear New Burdens.” The New York Times. March 31, 2016. (3 pages)

Recommended: Boston King, Mel. 1981. Chain of Change: Struggles for Black Community Development. Boston: South End Press. Chapters 4, 15, 16. Vrabel, Jim. 2014. A People's History of the New Boston. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. Chapter 17. Other U.S. Porter, Michael. 1997. "New Strategies for Inner-City Economic Development." Economic Development Quarterly 11(1): 11-27. Harrison, Bennet and Amy Glasmeier. 1997. "Response: Why Business Alone Won't Redevelop the Inner City: A Friendly Critique of Michael Porter’s Approach to Urban Revitalization." Economic Development Quarterly 11(1): 28-38. Benjamin, Lehn et al. 2004. "Community Development Financial Institutions: Current Issues and Future Prospects." Journal of Urban Affairs 26(2): 177-195.

International Duranton, Gilles and Anthony Venables. 2018. Place Based Policies for Development. NBER Working Paper 24562. http://www.nber.org/papers/w24562

18 17. Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development (Tuesday, November 6) (Karleen Porcena) Leigh, Nancy and Edward Blakely. 2009. Planning Local Economic Development: Theory and Practice, 4th edition. Los Angeles: Sage. Read pp. 265-291 only in Chapter 9. (27 pages) Servon, Lisa, Robert Fairlie, Blaise Rastello, and Amber Seely. 2010. “The Five Gaps Facing Small and Microbusiness Owners: Evidence From New York City.” Economic Development Quarterly 24(2): 126-142. (17 pages) Living Cities Integration Initiative. 2014. The Small Business Development Work of the Integration Initiative. Read Attachment A - Small Business Development Framework. Pp. 32-38 (6 pages). City of Boston. 2016. City of Boston Small Business Plan. Explore (see guidance below) the nation’s major small business portal operated by the Small Business Administration: www.smallbusiness.gov

Recommended: Boston Other U.S. Abello, Oscar Perry. 2017. “NYC Small Business Owners Have a New Money Matchmaker.” Next City. July 6, 2017. Shertzer, Allison, Tate Twinam, and Randall Walsh. 2016. “Zoning and the Economic Geography of Cities.” Working Paper 22658. National Bureau of Economic Research. International Duranton, Gilles and Diego Puga. 2004. Micro-Foundations of Urban Agglomeration Economies. Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics (4) 2063-2117.

18. Solidarity Economies (Thursday, November 8) (Aaron Tanaka and Nia Evans) DeFilippis, James. 2004. Unmaking Goliath: Community Control in the Face of Global Capital. New York: Routledge. Read Introduction, Chapter ,1 and Conclusion, pp. 1- 35, 153-162. (43 pages) Loh, Penn and Sarah Jimenez. 2017. “Solidarity Rising in Massachusetts: How Solidarity Economy Movement Is Emerging in Lower-Income Communities of Color.” Solidarity Economy Initiative. Akuno, Kali. 2015. Casting Shadows: Chokwe Lumumba and the Struggle for Racial Justice and Economic Democracy in Jackson, Mississippi. Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung. (24 pages)

Recommended: Boston Loh, Penn and Boone Shear. 2015. “Solidarity Economy and Community Development: Emerging Cases in Three Massachusetts Cities.” Community Development 46: 1-17. Other U.S. Alperovitz, Gar and Keane Bhatt. 2013. What Then Can I Do? Ten Ways to Democratize the Economy. (18 pages)

19 Abello, Oscar Perry. 2016. “Mapping a Neighborhood's Financial Health.” Next City. July 15, 2016. Spicer, Jason. 2017. “How Shared Ownership Reforms Can Address Popular Anger About an Unequal Economy.” Scholars Strategic Network. International Gindin, Sam. 2016. “Chasing Utopia: Worker Ownership and Cooperatives Will Not Succeed by Competing on Capitalism’s Terms.” Jacobin. March 10, 2016.

Part V: Local Governments, Housing, Neighborhoods

19. Scale (Tuesday, November 13) Chetty, Raj, Nathaniel Hendren, Patrick Kline, and Emmanuel Saez. 2014. Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States. Working Paper 19843. National Bureau of Economic Research. http://www.nber.org/papers/w19843. Read abstract and introduction. (6 pages) Ford, Richard T. 1999. “Law’s Territory (A History of Jurisdiction).” Michigan Law Review 97(4): 843-930. Read 843-866. (23 pages) Harvey, David. 2009. Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom. New York: Columbia University Press. Read Chapter 8, pp. 167-201. (34 pages) The Economist. 2016. “Place-Based Economic Policies as a Response to Populism.” The Economist. December 17, 2016.

Recommended: Boston Massachusetts Home Rule Amendment, Article LXXXIX. Available at: https://www.mma.org/sites/default/files/resources/article89_0.pdf Barron, David, Gerald Frug, and Richard Su. 2004. Dispelling the Myth of Home Rule: Local Power in Greater Boston. Rappaport Institute for Greater Boston. pp. 1-20. Boston Municipal Research Bureau. 2014. “Boston’s Organization Structure,” in A City in Transition: Managing Change and Retaining Financial Stability in Boston. Read pp. 86-121. Other U.S. Schragger, Richard. 2016. City Power: Urban Governance in a Global Age. New York: Oxford University Press. Read Introduction: Cities, Capital, and Constitutions, pp. 1- 17. (17 pages) International Harvey, David. 2009. Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom. New York: Columbia University Press. Read Chapter 7, pp. 133-167. (69 pages)

20. Neighborhood Effects, Municipal Fragmentation, and Local Government Law (Thursday, November 15) Tiebout, Charles M. 1956. “A Pure Theory of Local Expenditures.” The Journal of Political Economy 64(5): 416-424. (8 pages)

20 Fennell, Lee. 2002. “Homes Rule.” Yale Law Journal 112(3): 617-664. Read pp. 617-636. (19 pages) Arnold, Craig Anthony. 1998. “Planning Milagros: Environmental Justice and Land Use Regulation.” Denver University Law Review 76(1): 1-153. Read pp. 3-10, 105-124. (26 pages)

Recommended: Boston Boston City Charter. Read pages 4-12; skim 19-28 and 32-37. City of Boston, 2004. A Citizen’s Guide to Development Review under Article 80 of the Boston Zoning Code, 5-17. Trickey, Eric. 2016. “Will Urban Renewal Ever End?” Next City. Available at: https://nextcity.org/features/view/boston-city-hall-urban-renewal-redevelopment- authority. Glaeser, Edward and Bryce Ward. 2009. “The Causes and Consequences of Land Use Regulation: Evidence from Greater Boston.” Journal of Urban Economics 65: 265-278. Read only Sections 1 (Introduction), 3 (Data description and the causes of land use regulation), & 6 (Conclusion). (10 pages) Other U.S. De la Roca, Jorge, Ingrid Gould Ellen, and Justin Steil. Forthcoming. “Does Segregation Matter for Latinos?” Journal of Housing Economics. Sharkey, Patrick and Jacob W. Faber. 2014. “Where, When, Why, and For Whom Do Residential Contexts Matter? Moving Away from the Dichotomous Understanding of Neighborhood Effects.” Annual Review of Sociology 40: 559-79. Village of Euclid, Ohio v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926) (excerpts). Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas, 416 U.S. 1 (1974) (excerpts).

21. Segregation, Exclusionary Zoning, and Fair Housing (Tuesday, November 20) Coates, Ta-Nehisi. 2016. “The Enduring Solidarity of Whiteness.” The Atlantic. Available at: http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/02/why-we-write/459909/. (9 pages) Tienda, Marta and Norman Fuentes. 2014. “Hispanics in Metropolitan America: New Realities and Old Debates.” Annual Review of Sociology 40: 449-520. (18 pages) Pattillo, Mary, Sherrilyn Ifill, Rucker Johnson, and Pat Sharkey. 2014. “Why Integration?” http://furmancenter.org/research/iri/discussion1 (14 pages)

Recommended: Boston Scharfenberg, David. 2016. “Boston’s Struggle with Income Segregation.” The Boston Globe. March 6, 2016. Scharfenberg, David. 2016. “In Greater Boston, a Lopsided Geography of Affordable Housing.” The Boston Globe. September 2, 2016. Sullivan, Jack. 2016. “Closed Doors: Newton Supports Affordable Housing—Until It’s Time to Build It.” CommonWealth. January 12, 2016. Johnston, Katie. 2017. “Around Massachusetts, Racial Divides Persist.” The Boston Globe. April 17, 2017.

21 Massachusetts Department of Housing and Community Development. 2009. Affirmative Fair Housing and Civil Rights Policy. Available at: www.mass.gov/hed/docs/dhcd/hd/fair/affirmativefairhousingp.pdf Metropolitan Area Planning Council. 2014. Fair Housing and Equity Assessment for Metropolitan Boston. Other U.S. Greene, Solomon and Kathy Pettit. 2016. “What If Cities Used Data to Drive Inclusive Neighborhood Change?” Urban Institute. (11 pages) Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing, 80 Federal Register 42272 (July 16, 2015). Skim pages 42, 348-42, 371 only. (23 pages) Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs v. The Inclusive Communities Project, 13-1371.

Part VI: Conclusion

22. Bringing the State Back In (Tuesday, November 27) Lowe, Lisa. 2010. “Reckoning Nation and Empire.” Blackwell Companion to American Studies, J.C. Rowe, ed. London: Blackwell. Skocpol, Theda. 2008. “Bringing the State Back In: Retrospect and Prospect.” Scandinavian Political Studies 31(2): 109-24. (15 pages) Esping-Andersen, Gøsta. 1990. The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Read Chapter 1, pp. 9-34. (26 pages) Alesina, Alberto and Edward Glaeser. 2004. Fighting Poverty in the US and Europe: A World of Difference. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Read pp. 1-14, 217-222. (19 pages) Chang, Ha-Joon. 2006. “Industrial Policy in East Asia: Lessons for Europe.” EIB Papers 11(2): 106-132. (23 pages)

Recommended: Other US Hoynes, Hilary, Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach, and Douglas Almond. 2016. “Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net.” American Economic Review 106(4): 903-934. Read pp. 903-913. (10 pages) International Hall, Peter A. and David Soskice. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Read An Introduction to Varieties of Capitalism.

23. Collective Action (Thursday, November 29) Fernandez, Johanna. 2003. “Between Social Service Reform and Revolutionary Politics: The Young Lords, Late Sixties Radicalism, and Community Organizing in New York City.” In Jeanne F. Theoharis and Komozi Woodward, eds. Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South 1940-1980. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Read pp. 255- 277. (22 pages)

22 Ransby, Barbara. 2018. Making All Black Lives Matter: Reimagining Freedom in the 21st Century. Berkeley: University of California Press. Read Conclusion, pp. 157-164. Carruthers, Charlene A. 2018. Unapologetic: A Black Queer, and Feminist Mandate for Radical Movements. Boston: Beacon Press. Read Three Commitments, pp. 63-86. Ganz, Marshall. 2009. Why David Sometimes Wins: Leadership, Organization, and Strategy in the California Farm Worker Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Read Chapter 1, pp. 3-22. (20 pages) Habal, Estella. 2007. San Francisco's International Hotel: Mobilizing the Filipino American Community in the Anti-Eviction Movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. Read Introduction and Conclusion, pp. 1-8; 171-187. (25 pages) Zepeda-Millan, Chris. 2016. Weapons of the (Not So) Weak: Immigrant Mass Mobilization in the US South. Critical Sociology 42(2): 268-287.

Recommended: Other U.S. Ransby, Barbara. 2003. Ella Baker and the Black Freedom Movement: A Radical Democratic Vision. Chapel Hill: UNC Press. Read Chapter 12, pp. 357-74. (17 pages) Dean, Amy B. 2013. “How Domestic Workers Won Their Rights: Five Big Lessons.” Yes!, October 9, 2013 DuBois, W.E. B. 1935. Black Reconstruction: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860-1880. New York: Harcourt, Brace, and Company. Chapter 2, The White Worker, and Chapter 14, Counter-Revolution of Property. Kelley, Robin. 2002. Freedom Dreams: The Black Radical Imagination. Boston: Beacon Press. Read pp. 1-12. (12 pages) International Engler, Mark and Paul Engler. 2016. This Is an Uprising: How Nonviolent Revolt Is Shaping the Twenty-First Century. New York: Nation Books. Read Chapters 2, 3, and Conclusion, pp. 31-86, 281-284. (60 pages)

PROJECT OF CHANGE: The final research paper or project of change proposal is due Friday, December 1, at 5:00 pm.

24. Student presentations (Tuesday, December 5)

25. Student presentations (Thursday, December 7)

26. Student presentations (Tuesday, December 12)