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Assistant Vice President For Academic Affairs Message from Nancy M. Giardina Nancy M. Giardina, Ed.D. Assistant Vice President For Academic Affairs Director Arnie Smith-Alexander Associate Director e are proud to present the ninth volume of the Grand Valley State University Dolli Lutes WMcNair Scholars Journal. It is the culmination of intensive research conducted by our student scholars and their faculty mentors through our Ronald Project Manager E. McNair Post-baccalaureate Achievement Program. Dolli Lutes Editor The Ronald E. McNair Scholars Program, now in its 11th year here at Grand Valley Nancy J. Crittenden State University, provides an opportunity for students and faculty to apply much Cover Design of what is learned within the classroom by engaging, outside the classroom, in Grand Valley State University Communications research activities in a particular area of scholarly interest. These research activities provide a journey through the challenges and affirmations of scholarly work and Journal Printing better prepare students for graduate study and the pursuit of a doctoral degree. Grandville Printing Photography Thank you to the faculty mentors who have worked so closely with our McNair John Corriveau/cover Scholars to propel their research skills towards the next level of educational Bernadine Carey-Tucker challenges. Graphic Design and Production Cindy Hoekstra Congratulations to the fifteen McNair Scholars whose research is presented here. Your journey and the challenges you have met during this scholarly activity speak Grand Valley State University to your talents and persistence in pursuing both your educational and life goals. Faculty Mentors and Research Editors Thank you for sharing your talents with the university community and continuing Corey Anton, Ph.D. the spirit of this program. Associate Professor of Communications Gwenden Dueker, Ph.D. Finally, thank you to all the people behind the scenes that work to sustain this Assistant Professor of Psychology program and produce this journal. Your work is valued as well. James Houston, Ph.D. Professor of Criminal Justice George Lundskow, Ph.D. Nancy M. Giardina, Ed.D. Associate Professor of Sociology Dennis Malaret, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Sociology Toni Perrine, Ph.D. Professor of Communications Assistant Vice President of Academic Affairs Andrea Rotzien, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology Stephanie Schaertel, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Chemistry James Smither, Ph.D. Professor of History Eric Snyder, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Biology Anton Tolman, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Psychology Tony Travis, Ph.D. Professor of History Steve Tripp, Ph.D. Professor of History Judy Whipps, Ph.D. Associate Professor of Philosophy Laurie Witucki, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Chemistry Before You Can Make A Dream Come True, You Must First Have One. —Ronald E. McNair, Ph.D. onald Erwin McNair was born October 21, 1950, in Lake City, South Carolina, R to Carl and Pearl McNair. He attended North Carolina A&T State University where he graduated Magna Cum Laude with a B.S. degree in physics in 1971. McNair then enrolled in the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1976, at the age of 26, he earned his Ph.D. in physics. McNair soon became a recognized expert in laser physics while working as a staff physicist with Hughes Research Laboratory. He was selected by NASA for the space shuttle program in 1978 and was a mission specialist aboard the 1984 flight of the USS Challenger space shuttle. After his death in the USS Challenger space shuttle accident in January 1986, members of Congress provided funding for the Ronald E. McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program. The goal is to encourage low-income, first generation students, as well as students who are traditionally under-represented in graduate schools, to expand their opportunities by pursuing graduate studies. Ronald E. McNair Post-baccalaureate Achievement Program The Purpose Program Services Funding The McNair Scholars Program is The McNair Scholars are matched with The Ronald E. McNair Post- designed to prepare highly talented faculty research mentors. They receive baccalaureate Achievement Program is undergraduates to pursue doctoral academic counseling, mentoring, a TRiO Program funded through the degrees and to increase the number of advising, and GRE preparation. In United States Department of Education individuals (from the target groups) on addition to the above services, the and Grand Valley State University. college and university faculties. McNair Scholars have opportunities to attend research seminars, conduct Who are McNair Scholars? research, and present their finding orally The McNair Scholars are highly or written via poster presentations. In talented undergraduate students who the first semester of their senior year, are from families with no previous the scholars receive assistance with the college graduate, low-income graduate school application process. background or groups under- represented at the graduate level for doctoral studies. The program accepts students from all disciplines. 2 Ronald E. McNair, Ph.D. Table of Contents Lyndsey Adams When psychopaths go to college: Psychopathic traits and college adjustment . 5 Faculty Mentor: Anton Tolman, Ph.D. Henry Averhart Misuse of myth: Conscious adherence or authoritative control mechanism . 13 Faculty Mentor: Corey Anton, Ph.D. Kelli Brockschmidt The New Guinea Campaign: A New Perspective Through the Use of Oral Histories . 25 Faculty Mentor: James Smither, Ph.D. Shanel M. Bryant Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and ethnicity: A literature review . 35 Faculty Mentor: Andrea L. Rotzien, Ph.D. Jessica Cruz Second language acquisition programs: An assessment of the bilingual education debate . 45 Faculty Mentor: Dennis Malaret, Ph.D. Jerry Fluellen Infrared Laser-based Method for Measuring Isotope Ratios . 53 Faculty Mentor: Stephanie Schaertel, Ph.D. Jennifer Goven From the Delta to Chicago: Muddy Waters’ Downhome Blues and the Shaping of African-American Urban Identity in Post World War II Chicago . 63 Faculty Mentor: Anthony Travis, Ph.D. Jonathan Howard Between Religion and Honor: Charles Colcock Jones and a Discussion of Antebellum Southern Values . 71 Faculty Mentor: Steve Tripp, Ph.D. 2005 McNair Scholars GVSU McNair Scholars Journal VOLUME 9, 2005 3 Table of Contents Rachael Jacques Resistance to U.S. economic hegemony in Latin America: Hugo Chávez and Venezuela . 81 Faculty Mentor: George Lundskow, Ph.D. Derrick Kroodsma Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis: Analysis and Identification of Protein Kinase Substrates . 93 Faculty Mentor: Laurie A. Witucki, Ph.D. Jacquelin Robinson The relationship between parole and recidivism in the criminal justice system . 103 Faculty Mentor: James Houston, Ph.D. Andria Salas Diel summer movement patterns of fish in Sickle Creek, Manistee County, Michigan . 109 Faculty Mentor: Eric Snyder, Ph.D. Sally Sayles Education for Democracy: Discovering Civic Engagement . 121 Faculty Mentor: Judy Whipps, Ph.D. Katherine L. Schwartzkopf The effects of infant age on parental vocalizations about object categories in a play-type setting . 133 Faculty Mentor: Gwenden Dueker, Ph.D. Kerri VanderHoff Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Porky’s: Gender perspective in the teen comedy . 145 Faculty Mentor: Toni Perrine, Ph.D. About the TRiO Programs ....................................................................................154 2005 McNair Scholars 4 Table of Contents VOLUME 9, 2005 When psychopaths go to college: Psychopathic traits and college adjustment Abstract A significant body of literature exists Estimated as less than 1% of the general regarding the antisocial behavior of population, psychopaths are responsible criminal offenders. This research has for significant amounts of violence. clearly demonstrated a connection However, few studies have explored between the personality construct of psychopathic personality characteristics psychopathy and antisocial behavior and in non-incarcerated populations, aggression (e.g. Hare, 2003). However, or “hidden” psychopaths. Using the relatively little research has explored the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI), interpersonal and affective characteristics this study evaluated correlations between of psychopathic personality in non- psychopathic traits and indicators of incarcerated populations. Hare notes college maladjustment. We hypothesize that psychopathy is not synonymous that “hidden” college psychopaths are with criminality and that many more interpersonally maladjusted than psychopaths may avoid detection by peers, equally successful intellectually, the criminal justice system, becoming and less impulsive than their incarcerated unethical professionals, corrupt public counterparts. Understanding the differences officials, and persons engaging in and similarities between incarcerated and “shady” business dealings. Hare also hidden psychopaths may lead to improved notes that systematic research on non- Lyndsey L. Adams recognition and possibly early intervention criminal psychopathic populations McNair Scholar with these social predators. is needed. Likewise, Babiak (1995) believes that the tendency toward unethical behavior is not very different between criminal psychopaths and “sub-criminal” or non-adjudicated psychopaths. In his case study, it was noted that a “hidden” psychopath expresses more of the inherent personality characteristics associated with psychopathy and expresses less of the antisocial behavior and deviant