This memorandum reiiner and reducer, in volmos, thq inf ormation -provided in my memorandum of Uay 3 with respect to the national space program. The in£ormat ion in oogmized into five' paragrephe correrponding to the five questions rained in the Prcrident's memorandm of April 9, 1963.
1. COEIPARISON OF PROCW. The. only definitive way we have found to compare the program of the lart a~nistratiohwith that of . the present one ir to compare the last loag range plan prepared by NASA under the Eisenhwer Adahirtratioo (January 1961). and the first long range plan prepared by NASA der the prerent adminiatration (January 1962). Cwprriroar of tho kfor Hireion Tuget Dater ' (Enclosure 1) and of the Budget Projectim (Enclorute 2) of thre two plam are attached.
~eithe;. of thise had Presidential. approval, and there is . . doubt that President Eisenhower wer fully approved more of NhSA's . . long range plan than a run-out of the iterne lucluded in hie FT 1962 ' budget request for $1.159 billion.
. A. comparison of accomplirbmentcr under the 1961 and 1962 plans, baeed on the aseumption that both plane were succerrful, wouid not be . meaningful lu the, light of current knowledge. For .em&le, U'e studies in February and March 1961 rhowed that the Apollo vehLcle aMi the related boostere., ae ptwfouely planned, could not meet the technical requiremente of the. medlunar Iandfng. Furthermore, by the time the 1962 plan was formulated,, there had been delay8 fa achieving milestoner under the 1961 plan which'nece~ritated.a later. achedullng'under the 1962 plan of certain mileetoner caomon to both plans.
It general, the principal advances under the 1962 plan are 8s f6llowe: '. ,
a. The advancement of the medlunar hndiag fran 80me time aft= 1970 to the 1967-1970 parid la, of courre, the major fornard rtep, and i. rerplble for th principal incrsllre in the erpend%hne forart6 t. t. DECLASSIFIED b. A new launch vehicl'e, the Saturn 5, was introduced in the 1962 plan. hie booster vill have ffve time6 the payload capacity of the largeet booster in the 1961 plan. It wfll be,capable of supporting manned lunar landings whereae the largest booster previouely planned, the Saturn 2, would not. b c. The introduction of the Gemini program will significantly - advance the country's erpert'eace with manned orbital operatione. It introduces the concept of orbital rendezvous, nof~envisionedby the previoue plan.
d, In the area of Space Sciencee, the i962 plan activated - the program for large orbital observatories: the ,geophysidl, solar, . and aetronomical obeervatories. Satme of these were only in the .planning stage, and others were emrbioned cn a %educed scale Ln the 1961 program.
e. In order.to aseure pre-eminenqe in space aver en . extended period, it is cowidered essential to hest in research and advanced technology looking tward the future. The aumnted iad more carefully planned prograe nw in being givee the nation a signifFcrntly greater thrust toward a round technological bcee on which' to proceed with difficult apace exploration mirrio~. . % f. In *the program of Applicatiofis, the lw orbit . connnunicatioha and weather eatellitee vauld have 'been achieved under . either plan. The 1962 plan, however, introduced the synchronous eetellite which holds, great prmise for the ultimate -coamunications system. ! . . The NASA long range plan of ~an&ry1962 not only prwided for an acceleration of the lunar landing and booster development programs, but also for eubetantial increases in the space'science and ap61icationa activities and flights. The supplemental requests sent to. the Congress jn May of 1961 started many of the .project8 vhich were reflected in . 1 that plan. Encloeure 2 is a canpa'rat+ve tabulation shaving: (1) originally projected funding requirements of the January 1961 program, (2) uprard revision of these funding requirements prepared in April 1961, and (3) origimlly projected funding requiranents of the January 1962 plan. / In the spring 'of 1961, Congress was informed that the cost of the manned lunar. program (up to the f iret blandFng) would range between ,' $20 billion and $40 billion. Current '(Hap 1963) ertinutzr rhaw tbat thLb program will be iccaupli8hed at or near the $20 billion figure. Thie vtfncludu apprminutelp $2.5 billion in capital facilities such am large tart rtandr, latmching facilitler, .nd iavertmemt itam
-2- c *. t!uc vill be reqxlret :a hild, test,. and fly the large boosters and spcecrait fix sn-..~i - a s?xc opera=ions.. These will have value over a long pcriod oP zi~.eas a zajor tutioiu? capability ,to operate in space.
Enclosure 3 tabl;l-r;ccs by years :he currently estimated ~u'h-out of SASX's 1964 bud=ct ?lus funding estizutes for possible c,ew prograns at qn annual $6 bill l~nbutget level. The Appendix to Ecclosure 3 is 3 detalled report c~z:?aring accon?lis,hents, both planned and actual, under tha 1961 an& 1963 Iragrzxs in :he xajor areas of: Xanned Space Tiigb~,S?ace Sciences, Advanced Xesaarch and Technology, and Xppl icat ions. C 8
The capability of ;Icteozological satellite system to prevent iniilions of dollars of Iropcrty d-ge and loss of life by providing advance warn\ijlg of severe stoms has been derhonstrat@. - I '1n addition to providing infohation immediately useful in weather forecasting, Pe iacrezsed understanding of weather processes will cake possible better and longer range forecasttng to pernit better piamins in many areas of the nation's economy and perhaps may ulti- ixitely lead to ne~hodsof werther control ot modification.
Comunicatlon -satellites 7rovide another 'immediate applicztion. Intercontinental co~anicatioasare grcwing so rapidly that the present planaed trxsoceanic r'acilit ies will not be 'capable of satisfying che need by 1965 or 1366. Comunicatim sztellites to provide increased worlcwide .comunfca~io~swill not uiily establish a new industry in itself, but wil resuit in new econoaies and patterns in trade through- out the world. & \ 1' l.!e can look forward ta navigatLon satellite systems which will provide substantizl Sezeiits and economies to the varGus transportation industries.
' We can alsa look forward Eo the use of satellites for the,' -collection of data an 3 global'bzsis. Such satellites could.:provide for the collection of data iron weather balloons,' oceanographic buoys, tLdal warning stations, and perhaps even chart the co-urses of wildlife.
These. f pplkations will result Lit mediate economic ebenef it- to the nation but they are o3ly radz possible because of-the present understanding of basic science and technology which was painstakingly accumulated in the past, ' bb SCLENTLFIC KNOWLEDGE J ECecent history ehows clearly that advinces in fundamental understanding of natural phenomena-aa in the understanding of thee atom--produce major effects in the economic aphere, though these effects are not initially foreseen.
Space exploration by means of space probes and satellites offers the opportunity to obtain fundamental understanding in four broad areas of current sciantific intereat: .. (I) the sun and its influence on the earth, including the nature of the interplhetairy space environment,
' (2) origin and nature of the solar system,
(3) astronomy, and d (4) theoriginof life. E Scientific advance on the scale of the current space program must inevitably open new advances in technology end thrur new avenue8 of economic use. It is in tenoa of the broad, basic, scientif ic advance and the accompanying technological advance that the science of space will hve its greatest economic impact:
Earth and Sun"
The sun. is one of the most important objects for man to study. . The sun is the majot source of energy in the salar system. %tcontrols the weathehon earth; supp6rts or disrupts comaunications depending' uponsolar activity; and determines the interplanetary environment, A major portion of the NASA effort iq directed toward a better under- . staading' o4 the sun and its influence on the earth. Observatorias above the earth's atmosphere make it possible to investigate the sun and its activity with a thoroughness not possible from the ground, The uitzaviolet, X-ray, radio, and infrared radiations are absorbed %the upper atmosphere.and control the properties of that region. They do not reach the groud but can be observed and measured from space platforme, They provide a great deal of new and very valuable information on the properties of the solar chromosphere and the corona; on the nature of sunspots; and on the processes which take place in solar flares, I
Satellites and sounding rockets have shown that the upper - ,
atmosphere and ionoephere are erceedingly complex regions, nubject to ! gross and suddea cbangea, dependent on activity on tha nun. Large . 1 I- L temperzture changes occur between day and nigh$, and between sunspot maximum qd sunspot min+m, The compo.sition , ionization, temperature and the density are controlled by solar el!ec.kromagnetic and particle radiations, The atmosphere is important bewuse it comprises the source and substance of our everyday weath,er. The ionosphere is impor- tant because, it furnishes the means :by whikh radio waves may be reflected beyond' the horizon, thereby,making it ppscible to comunicate around the world. Correlated measurements.:with sounding rockets arid satellites of solar activity, the properties of the. upper atmosphere, and conditions . on the surface should determine the mechanism by which solar activity affects the surface weather on earth: . I. ' .. . . Y i Beyond the sensible amsphere of the earth, above about 500 Km, is a region of space whose properties are controlled by .the earth's magnetic field. This region is called the magnetosphere. The Van Allen Belts are contained within the magnetosphere. .. . Satellite-borne Instruments plot out;the earth's magnetic field; measure the"radiati6n levels in the Van Allen belts; and record the particles whfch create the auroras in the far North and South. The radiation levels in thb van Allen belts determine the regions of space within which ~ercury,Gemini, Apollo, and Manned Space Stations can fly. d d, n also use satellices to study the earth itself. Obsepa- tions on Onethe CL fluence qf the eartht s shape and mass distribution on the orbit of the satellite enablecthe scien'tist to determine the density of the earth's interior and to measure the distribution of matter within the earth. This data is required for accurate trajectory cal'culations.
Surromding the .sun and exteqding out to some distance beyond the otbit of the .earth'is an interplznetary medium through which there is a continual flow of plasma,. the solar wind, whose density and velocity fluctuates with solar activity. ~his'flowof plasma determines the configuration of the weak inteiPlanetary magnetic fields. These weak fields, acting over large distances, determine the trajectories of cosmic rays. ~ccasionall~~during a large solar flare, large numbers of solar .cosmic rays are ejected dto space, thereby increasing the radiation levels. The magnitude nnd duration of such an incrysed radiation level is also determined by the configuration of these weak - fields. All of this is riew infonarition which we have obtained from satellites Pioneers and Mariner 11. All of it is information whith we need. to def ine the environment in space and to determine the infludnce . of the sun on the earth. . 4 I Moon and Planets
. 1n the field of science, the moon is of patticular interest because it may furnish one of the most significant clues to the question . - ... -5- of how the earth and the other planets of thb solar system originated.- The lunar surface is likely to have preserved she record of past events i going .back billions of years, perhaps nearly to the tine of its origin , 44 billion years ago. This record has remained unmarred by the erosion of atmospheres and oceans, and by mountain-building processes. On the earth, the surface record is lost because of these atmoepheric and mountain-building processes.
The opportunities that lie ahead will- be of interest to many disciplines but should be especially attractive to the geophysicist, Most of the techniques that will be required to observe and make measurements on these bodies will be of. those of the geophystcist.
These forthcoming opportunities not only broaden the horizons ' of tKe geophysicist by extending the range of his investigations to other planets', but also broaden the perspecfiive in which the geophysi-
cist can view the earth. Comparative i.nvestigations of earth,'moon, ' and planets will contribute greatly to the &nderstandinglof each one, . and also to the understanding of 1the solar system, Wasurements of lunar sd rf ace characteristics will provide data of fundamental value to the design of the Apollo pacec craft. ,
-I Stars and Galaxies
In the past ground-based observations have been limited to the very narro range of wave lengths in the visible portion of the spectrum. 9these observations the astronomer has put together a truly remar ble body of astronomical knowledge and theory,
everth he less; this limitation to the visible spectrum is a
very serious limitation .indeed, The most ' fundamental processes in the ' .birth of stars can be observed only in the infrared, while the most exciting portions of the evolution of the star are observable only in . the ultriviolet. For this reason, the satellite orbiting.above the earth's atmosphere opens up valuable new opportunities to the astronomer. - One of the most important .programs in NASA, the Orbiting Astronomical Obsenratory, is designed to exploit these new ties in astronomy. Carrying hstrumenks and telescopes earth's atmosphere, OAO will permit observations in all spectrum, 1 The lunar and planetary probes provide an opportunity for astronomers to observe the planets of the solar system at close range,
The astronomer and cosmologist use spacecraft in satellite orbits about the earth or on escape trajectories from the earth to perfom experioents in .relativity; gravity; celestial sechanics; . galactic cosmic rays; and magnetodynamics on a scale utterly unobtain- able onathe surface of the earth. /
b v Life in Space Certainly one of the most exciting 2ossibilities in space ' exploration is that indigenous life nay be found outside the earth. For this reason, preparations are going forward with various types of instruments to search for living roms on other planets, particularly blars. These will be carried in fly-bys and landers as soon as the neces- --L sary t~ansportationis available. All data available at present would indicate that ohere is little likelihood of life on Venus. Various U radio astronomical and the Xariner I1 observations of the planet Wi- cat4 that the surface temperatures are in the vicinit of-800°K, well over the boiling point of water. If life has formed in these planets, itnustbebothsimilar to,andyetdifferent from, thatwhichexists on the earth. A knowledge of these life forms would provide us deep .. insight into the basic dynamics of life formation and life processes.
Advanced Research and Technology w f)
I In addition to the scientific knowledge obtained from actual ... flights in space, NASA's advanced research and technology program produces scientific Knowledge on a broad front, covering many branches ,I . of physics , chemistry, mathematics, engineering science,. and physio- i logical and biological. science. As history amply demonstrates, discoveries in one field profour;dly affect others, and Ge can, there- I fore, expect widespread influence in other scientific and technical endeavors.
c . LWUSTW PRODUCTIVITY - The space effort is. extending the industrial capability of the United States in a major way for fo-ur main reasons:
* (1) The exploration of space invo+ves*large net additions to the industrial base in $he form of enginewing teams and capital 2 facilities which constitute continuing national resources,
(2) The exploration of space involves virtually all fields of science and engineering.; from anatomy to electronics systems to the effects of zero gravity on both the animate and inanimate.
(3) The harsh environment of spice typically requires g. fundamental advance in the state-of-the-art in nany areas. A high ' proportion of NASA researeh and development fundpre spent in
Y ub . ,-7 -
I
------'I' extending the csisting technology to new, more rigorous and efficient uses; and in :inding new suteridls, zew systems, operating at higher levels of reliability over long periods of time in a radicglly dif- f erent environment.
(4) The exploration of spece gn the scale inva1~-ed i requires a major contribution to the technique of managing large-' "- research and development efforts. In World G!ar 11, the Hanhattan Project was tk largest effort of chis type that the United States had carried out to date. In the 19501s, we increased our national capability with the help of the eqterience gained in the ballistic ~issileprograms. In Project XpoLlo, we are engaged in another large enterprise, which involves thousands of persons working in many loca- tions throughout the United States in accordance with a single, overall schedule. completing this endeavor successfully will provide the ability and competence to go on to still more ambitious national undertakings, when required. i Sone examples of actual and potential increased industrial capability and efficiency brought on by the space program are set forth in the~followingparagraphs:
1 (1) An infrared horizon sensing device used in the Mercury spacecraft has been adapted to use by steel makers in measuring rods of hot ste%l.before these rods are cooled, thus not only insuring accuracy but achieving a savings in cost.
(2) Through h'ASl's use of fiberglas refractor) welding tape, !it is possible to obtain a smoth seam with a single pass outfide weld, thus cutting welding costs in half.
(3) Fluororethylene propylene has been used to release the aluinum star-shaped insert from the sticky solid rocket .propellant after casting. This appears to have application to plywood laminating presses, furniture gluing clamps or rubber gasket molds.
(4) The need,for new sources of power for acecraft has . concentrated work on the' lohg-tbe goal of developing a fuel cell which will trahsfom chemical energy froa fuel directly into electrical energy, with high efficiency. NASA requirements for the use of solkr cells are advancipg the state-of-the-art in this .area, and this again has implications for widespread use. , .
- (5) In aeronautics, NASA is making significant contribu- to the supersonic transport program. Research on vertical and take+££ and landing aircraft is expected to produce benefits in air transportation. (6) A membrane being develpped for a spacecraft life . support system has the prospect of becoming an effective filter against detergents. 4
(7) To simGlate the heating conditions under which a space vehicle re-enters the atmosphere, the Langley Research Cearter developed an arc gas heater which employs a radial magnetic field to'rotate an electric arc at high velocity between two circular water-cdgled e1.e~- trodes. ~idw'estResearch Institute, in its trans.l&ion of this item to industrial use, estimates that the' use of this arc heater'to convert natural gas into acetylene may result in a considerabl'e.reduction in . the cost of producing acetylene. *
d. EDUCATION
During this decade, NASA'will expend nearly one billion dollar in space related. t'esearch and development atiuniversities and other institutions of higher learning. Two thirds of this amount will be for research and technology in direct support of program and project goals.: ,
This university participation ia carried on by highly trained and capa-' . \ ble groups of faculty and graduate etudente working in three major areas: , . . .. . a. (1) sponsored university research programs on a broad front covering many branches of physics', chemistry, mathematics, engineering sciences,. and physiological and biological sciences. .fl , (2) Development of new, improved, o: more sophisticated spacecraft instrumentation generally for scientific. data acqufsition but also including engineerids technology..
(3) Analysis and interpretation of scientific and engineer- ing data acquked through execution of NASA flight mLssions. A This essential flarticipation on the part of American alleges and universities produces not only a coctimous stream of trained. scientists and engheers with-'some eer'kilce in space research, but also yields the major share.of new knowledge in space sciences. In Fiscal Year 1963 universities will conduct about $35 million on research, development, and data analysis directly related to NASq missions. J In addLCion, NASA has instituted a sustaining university program designed to meet NASA'sneeds while at the same tim strengthening the colleges and univereitiee, kreasing the supp2y of tachnical msnpower, L and encouraging close relations between education and industry to advance the space progrant while stimulating econo* growth. e i; In order to increase the nation's s;pply of scientific and technical manpower, S:SA has icstituted a, graduate training progran, - begun in 1962 with the awzrd of-pen training grants to each of ten uni\xrsities for a total of 100 students for a-period of three years. In 1963, $15 nillion of additional grants were made, bringing the total to ,886 students in 88 different universities. It is intended to make additional grants in Fiscal Year 1964 with the total dumber of institu- tions rising. to about 110. Ultimately the intention is td start some , 1350 studenG annually, ar which time NASA will be supporting about 4000 trainees with an expected output rate of about 1000 PhD.'s per I year.. - %l -. ..
An essenizial' aspect. of this progran is' that the grants are + made to the institurion. Candidates are selected by the institution - for work at that university. The resulting wide geographical distribu- tion provides a basis for encourzging and increasing scientific -strength in places where additioral strength is needed. . Also in Fiscal Year 1963, $10 nillion are-being used for the constructlooq of space related reseatch facilities in unive.rsities.
The NASA progrw in set-bhdary education is small but designed to encourage Capable young people to embark on careers in science, - mathemtics and eniineering, develop in all children a higher level of scientific literacy, and *prove the teaching .of science and mathema- ' ,tics by updating ccutses to include information arising from space .
research. Much of it is accolhplished through-. spacemobile demonstrations at school+ b .. Less tangible, but not to be overlooked, is . space activity as a stinulus to educational interest on the part of American youth, and on the bnprovement o'f American schools. Dr. Lee 1juBridge has said the latter "alonf: +y be worth the cost 'of all our . space rockets." -
--Yig.<,,.... - ' - e. The table ak; .. losirre 4 provides an estimate' in dollars . of the contributibn that'h%..f&d authorizations for FY 196? and 1963 end fund projections fdr FY I964 through 1970 makes to scientif,ic ' knowledge, industrial productivity, ed,ucation, and military technology. Estimates are included for both the Janvary 1961 pJan and for NASA's ' present long range planning. , 'rccuirc r-ciisat sals:L~:;;; 21; z zcsul~of .:::a c3n;incation of the s?xe g;azr;z. I:. fzs:,.;n;-.~ - - cs?raxi;zs 5eL-; .cried in ;USA nay open thc wiy :o 2r.l azt zarc c:rctl-r2 atrcch on ~ucn*~roblnsjas siror :a,c s 5:: e;lzinecr ins 226 :ec>.nicil -anpowc t , and. che ,5hortening . .. L;:, df ;kc 12; no:; xsqci?xc: r::th, cke'rrciliz~cion of :he results of gOV2rn;lcr.t ressarc':: by i;?dzsrr+. .
. .I .-..~.:c na:iop1; to:sl cxp?ope;lr of scientists and, engi~eersis estka;cd at. 1,420,GX as of Jsnuzry 1963 ana is estimated, Fo rise ' ta 1,925,CaO 'in Jzzr.uzry of 1970. SASX's records and goveznnent , da:a in2icatc :n~ton Jxxzry. 1, 1303, about 42,COO scientists and ' 4. e:;lncers verc qc wark fax :LISA, 9,30C ezployed under Civil Service by ?XA, 2nd in esch,?s:c.d 2,8X cqloyed 5y iadustry, universities, a?? ocher goverzent agencies. This is tiires percent of the 1963 x:local p06i. -,he escFzi?ted nu?;er required in 1965 will'rise to 97,000 .(an increase oi 55,000 in ~$0years), and. the estbted percentage will- rise to slightly rorr than six percent of projected total national requiruents, based on an assumed stabilgty of present ‘ratios of,personnel to procurerent expctiditur.es . * 4 ?iw~vc,~:horcros?xc in?i?s~r:~~wich an sanual mime of $16 >. - - bf?lLon, p2izor-S :?:z 2rc.cccr ?J~Lof :Xi.\ industrial research, develo~r,~,acd fabrication. 'ASX'S lavcl of expenditures in this c'ategory, aad necce mosrly jn :his Industry, follows: . . WX's zajor -procurment is prc jecud as :
Laur.cii Vehic lti Indcs trial Xesearch PZ a"curd&.: 3-d 3eve lo~csnt -To ta1
.. L 193 ' $223 7iL113n +L .'LO =Illion $1.410 million 1964 S375 iziFlio? $2 .'C3 .qi 1ion $2.775 million - 1.565 S4Sj.'iiliion S3.3,SO n llion $3.785 nillion 0 1966 $A80 millipn , 53,560 =illion $4?040 million
'0 In rhe last fewycsrs, indlistry has' used large nmbers of scientists and engineers oit. portanc new research and development projects without a corresponding1f large rscruihsr.c af scientists and. engineers. For 1962 Aerospace I5Ius:ry requirenerits, ?msed cj WXestidated procurement . espeudi~urei,indicated a r#quire=le~tfor i3,000 additionai ..,scientists and ehiineers . Ifowever, the actca? cota.1 added by, the ~erospaceLndus try ' ? . '1 for six work was only 0,000 scientists and engineers. - Iadtrstry leaders indicate this isbeing acconplished by increased productivity, internal rcassigracnts, on-the-job training and up-grading through. work experienck and fowl off ,-the- job training. ' For. example, in the case of one aerospace cApany, 12 percent of the new engineers' reqliired were. produced. f rop within, the. company's existing work force. On'JakuAry 1, 1963, of the tctal. 32,800 sci6ntists and engine,ers ,. vor'kipg. in.non-govetmental ~orporarionsand institutions on the b W.4 progzam, some 3,000 faculty and graduate assistant man-year . equi.valarits w&e in univers'ities. : such faculty members are doing reszsix?i,ktraining graduate assistants in the research process and teaching .-g%adurte and undergraduate courses ;-thus contribut'ing substanti+lly to an increase in the national supply. Ovez and above this, the.%SA graduate training program,is designed tqj increase rapidly.unti1 it will add 1,000 Ph.DOts per year to the national , supply. ' . v Q
~uring1962 over 1,700 employees wer; enrolled in graduate . level 'training in science and engi.neering, thus also adding an important incremkt to the national supply.'
. ' ~ISA'S In-house recruitment of scientists and engineers has had .fro. vignificant adverse effects'on ipduspry or on the abiv~yof universities to produce' scientific and engineering graduates. Only 30 or' the approxirbately 3,700 Scientists. and enginegrs recruited during the period July 1,. 1561 through September 1962 were teaching professors at universities.
I -There are a number of prpblems before the nation that are related to sci'ence and'technolog'y .quite apart frdm the $pace program,. .~hese' include the effect 'of changing technology upon employment and upon the regiodl economies; +he ' transfer of the results of government research 'afid development to civilian 'use ; the administration of
&rge, complex researih and. devdlopment undertakings ; the encoaragement , of .the ind iiridual scientist ; the *dissemination of scientific information; the ^necessity of. strengthening the univepit ies ; and ,the need tp increase the potential source of scientific manparer among the underdevelopefi areas and population groyps of the nation. MAis a~tivel~fworkingto so execute its program as to assist in
meeting these needs. . ' -. , < .-. ' 4. REDUCTIONS OR ADDITIONS : I a; Any progr&n'reductions not .jeopardcin& the manned lunar landing target date vould have to occk in areas that wou,ld affect . . OLI. SLY.LL=:-: :r: ;:;--.-.;=-:-.- z.1: ~c:::L;;LzLJ:: GZ SP~CC) co h.lpro\.e w;r . .-. . > ;:'~zi ;-,.c c:;.-j,--;--:, 2:' =J ~:1--;: s~cl:i? fsr early banci5cial . . --- ..---...-. 1 -' . 2 .--- ,-u,--.-..c-, -...-- ,T~CS TC!?TCSCZ~?L&~'S 'JCS~ . . . ..- .- " ';C~;C:: iZ 2 L;-;:=-;-L~ :~,LT.c~ GL tc::vi:ic;. 2unclins rcduct;o;ls !.:a ,-Qc,L:L.~ a ~i-\:2:-~;.. . :~;'ztii?y :O c~~L>L~s:Iih~ best altcnative - . .. . .-r--. . -7., - --. ,.., ?',.~I:Lc~ 1-2 Z-L 3~2~3:~~L~.'s::s~s =dssioxn wnich would . . - hlva ;o :s,-- :.y;-=~;--z.. . 3: Lc;d~-;-L-
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,.-- .---- 1 -.-4 -- ...-- ...- . -.. - .. 2~-L~--~,-: sa;cllitc to evaluate .' --,-;,.- . -. a,~.,--L,w..~~,-..--.4~;~s" --.. - -..-. -- 3: z:::.; ::.a XI k:?rove the location of -. gec2eclc ,:;2-5ai;lzs f~r=j,ita;~.. x.2 c1vi.l yz30se5.
Fcnlizg: F: l554, s.6 1.:; . ?Y ,1955, $9 ?!; . FY 1966, $1 >I _. . 3rLizlz;: Ci.-3'3I1v51cz? G>sc.~~ietoriesA series . - - 02 ss:elli:es C:;ZDLC if c:~f;~iz;2 1x;a rk~erof ex~erinentsto
-..7r:,. .-,, -- - .La Zz211y 02 spaczcraft to give close-up scientific o.bsarvacions sf Xxs 3~dVenus during f ly-by.
7 :. - - ,-3zc;z - - -A series or =:=er?lan~tary spacecraft , r-3 -,-"'-,L-~,,e kc ~x~cr:Isa= 932~2zt ;L-CC: df S~ZZCCS fro3 the' earth.
Ge-erz2 au9-or t i:n r~scrrchand technolocv - Advkced icscarch i;l :cchr;ic;l azats currexly lkiting space xtilizatfori and d- Technolosv flinhc xaie'cts - Space flight -evaluations , of procisiag technical concepts cnd develo?aents.
lundiiig: TY 1964, $33 X; . F'i 1965, $63 Y; FY 1966, $29 M >I-1 Enzine - 3evr??opxent af a 1.5 million lb. thrust hydrogena-oxygen engine for upper stage application. ' ' ' /L Funding: FY 1964, $45 X; tY 1965, $50 X; FY 1966;J$50 ?i - Cc - (3) SPACE APPLICATIOSS Xdvaxed Svncm - High cap&ty, efectronically stabilized' comunication satellite for flight at 23,400-mi19 altitude to explore~tecnnologica1concepts useful to military and civil comunication satellite system. . . ~und%~: FY 1964, $40 ?l; FY 1965, $32 X;>" FY 1966, $13 M . . . J Ki~bus- WSA fugded portion of prototype for-an 'operational weather-observation satellite-system. .. Fpnding: FY 1964, $44 El; *FY 1965, $42 Zi; FY 1966, $48 M
b. In USA's judgment the following categories of prqrams should receive strong considera.tion for initiation within the next several years. Each proposal should, however, be considered on its own merits at the praper the. Although' specific rec~en&rionsare not being ade in the present context, it should be observed that the progr- wtlined could be conducted within this decade at tdtal pro-. gram fuixling levels .cot appreciably exceeding FY 1964 require.e&s. Soace Sciences - Tollow-on projects should be iniciazed =o zaintain the current level of activity in the dctermina- \ion-of the properties of space. Larger planetary spacecraft should be developed for more significant exp10,ration of Venus ,and Mars. A suitable injection stage should be developed for the Saturn launch vehicle to perform these planetary' sissions.
Advanced Technolbgv - ~CditioGlsatellites shduld ' be incorporated in this program to permit flight evaluation of promising concepts and devices emerging from laboratory research. Space Acplications - Additional satellites for data collection or navigation should be incorporafed as required for research and development on currently foreseen and future sat-ellite applications. 7 -. .'.--.,--...-- . ..- .,-,, - - - - -...... , . --..., - ., --..-.3 - ~:.e;cchnological czpabili- ...... -,\ ,-i-.- -. . ,~i,;;&v,..i?;\: -..- ,..,- - -,..,.--- :a:-xc ?a;-.zr lzndin: prozran are
Xela:iacshi?s curren~lyexls t far caordinat ion and for mucwl assistance anci stport .by SASX ar.6 the 303 a: 'ail levels. Examples;
a. The ..:.cxccct ics azd .:-s tracaztics Coordinating 3oard, rcs?oxibie for izscriz~cooriinzt ia- zc the highest managerial
2.Undcr C?IE 2225 of the Sozrd, :Sc anauzl constructio~of , - .. f2iLil;Le~ budgars 3: .&SA 2nd the GO3 are coordinated.' For Fiscal Yczr l96J,, a toz~i~f 217 itczs wra jointly reviewed. It was z;r;zd =!?st no unv~rzentedduplicazion existed in the FY 1964 facility piax 02 XS.1 and COD.
c. Pzzsls of ;-o?rra:l-g :',::re, wkich deal with pragraas 13 sktanced r&rearsh 221 ~tchzols~ysuck as ch I-15, DF~Saar, i-.y?ersonic resec-ch, ~ci:he Su?r:soaic '?ans?ort. DOD participates i:. i:. ?sly other paceis sr,orsorcd by XASX, scch as rbe USA Xesezrch Xd.;isory Camit:ces, or ,sy. ...:.AS-:. 1..1r! carAlza=Loa with other agencies scch-as XC. These :icsa workl:; r~lzrlonshipsLetween-individual ' scie2:ists and engineers are rrn effective zieans of coordinating scien- ' . . tlfi,~?=ogress and -u;lders:andizg. I '8 6. In =he arc2 af xczcl space Tlighc, close coordination 5,:wi.e~ the 'Li. S. hlr zqrce, as e::ecil= Ii%s her: sffected c~rou~ht:?d escebllshcn: of :he Office of' Deputy.,.,,:,,,,:. C~xnZc.rfor ~ar.n&S?ace ?ligi-t , Air "ore Systens Command, physically located within S~SA'sOffice of Xannea Space Flight. e. DOD local represe'ntacives act for &A with the majority of ..- ~~ency"scontractors in*2atzcrs of audic, quality control, and contrac: shinistration. . 3uijin~FY 64, :<,.A plans to purchase aore . than 4,000 mn years ftoa COD for chis work. * f. More than fifty joint agreements, cons~mmtedto effect coordination and eliminate unwarranted duplication in specific areas, are in effect-. Some are: . , (1) The National Launch Vehicle Program Agreement, which provides for concurrence by b~th,ngenckobefore ' the development of a new launch vehtclc Ls under- taken. (2) Agreements which cover NASA's utilizatfod nf the Atlantic, Pacif.ie. and White Sands National ?tin6---es. 1 (3) Agreements on the inter-agenc? uee of b,uisters; NASA uses the DOD's Atlas, Atlas Agena, Thor Agena, Titan 11; the DOD uses NASA's Scout. (4) Agreements for the non-military applications of DOD developed syeteim; e.$, -SIT. - (5) Agreements between NASA and the Corps of Engineers (Atmy) and the Bureau of Yards and Docks (Navy), - under which approximately 70 per' cent of MA facilities funds are expended. '. . g. More thaw200 active duty military pef eonnel are detailed to duty with NASA.. The more senior off icers-so assigned hold ..im- portant .line position~in the NASA organization. h. Through NASA participation in meetings of ' the Armed .Services Procurement Regulation Ccmnni ttee when item of joint interest. are discussed, NASA and the DOD cqordinate the development of the procuremcnt policies under which both agencies operate. ., NASA established on December 1,, 1962, the Off ice of the Deputy- Associate Administrator for befense Affairs. Functions: to improve working relationships between NASA and the DOD; to expedite the flow of inf onuatipn; and to' prpmote coordination- on matters of mutual interest. . Although cooperatian between NASA and the DOD. ie good, some areas for' further improvement are: a. ~drlie;coord'ination in the study phase of advanced projecte to eliminate urrwarranted duplication between NASA and the DO^ when them projecte are ready for initial development; b. Further strengthening of cross-fertilization in the areas of research and technology to reveal additional appli- cations of NASA diecoveries and advancamenta to soam of the more critical military problefns, while at the same time serving to focus or channel NASA research efforts into those areas holding additional promise of solutions to military problems. ,c. Greater partlclpatl~nby the DOD in NASA piojects to enhance the knowledge and capability of the services' in - apace and space-or iented' applica~ions . 'a / amer err E. Webb Adminis trrtor * u CMPARISON OF WOR MISSIONS ' -- Year 1961 ~uborbtcalfltpht of an artronrut hunch in^ of Atlar-Gntaur a -ray aatronmy crpcrlment -orb1 t lna molar n~bmervatnr). L.unchtn6 of a R.n&er lunar apacecraftC Orbital Cltght'ot. an astronaut . - bunching of the Saturn firat rtaBe Or~lralfllfiht nf an astronaut rcuntr on the loon (Rnn~er) 1962 hpact landing of tn Orbltlr,l( rolar obacrvat~ry Topa tde lonoaphcrlc ound in& / r Fllghr part Venus (Mariner 1) bunching of a planetary apacccraft N1mb.a~ wtrrorological aacel llcc Launchlna nf NImbur mrtcorologlcal rarc!l(Cc Dew lopencal. launching of Atlar-Centaur (Cc) ~c.1 time actlve cam~mlcattonraacelltte Ieadlng tu hunching d a lwar Impact rpacrcrofc (hnaer) clvll appl (cation L Actlvc camuntcactonr aacellttcr (Relay, Tclatar) Io~~nrahcrlcToprldr Soulrdrr . - Acr lvr rmmlcatlma hatcll ltr (Synca) 1963 hunching of a 2-atagc Saturn C-l Rae-n.w elrth nrblt r1lpI.t - Snfr IanJlng of Inatrm~.nta0s the muem nrl~![In& nrrrmncnlcal nbrrrvatnry lnuncfinf cr n rfmplrfr 3-st.1~- Saturn GI Rccc-ntrlc &cophyrlcal ohrervnrorv i Inlt !at lun or Nfrhus ~.otrorolaglc.tl satclt ltr cyrcen Devcl.~l~mtnco!f lty5t of LWD- stage. Saturn GI (Sa- 1) 19& lrunchlng of an .mbiclnp arcronmlcal nbacrvatory ~aliflea~lo~of 200,000 Ib. thruat Iandlna of lnatrucnta (Surveyor) engine for flight Rcconnalrrancr of Mar., andlor Venuu -_ - .--- I /- ~~ARIS~W01 won mssms C.1rnd.r 1961 W tear . 1961 PIAM A . 1965 ~llflcationof a 1.500,000 lb. thrurt rockec englne for &roe atatianaq orblt rwteorologlcal aatelllte f 1lght Drvelipental flight of C-3 flrat atwe launch vehlcle (S-lb) . pol lo prototype caprulr teat Devcloprcntal fllght of three-acrm ktrrn C-I (k Ill) Fltaht qualtflcatton of 1 to 1.5 rlllim lb. thruat hydrogen- "1 oxygen englne (%I) Inltlarlon of atatlonary orbit uteorolo~lcalratelltte myatem 1966-67 tli&ht of a eapplwte 3-rtye Saturn C-2 Radio artrma) aatelllte - Flight teat of a nuclear-thrrul rockat Artlflclal cart &t.lpt to land moblle Inrtnaentr on the won Huclear turb~leccrtcpowr genetatton fllght teat (#&GO) Arwpt to put rpacecraft in orblt about another plamt kcoverable teqhyrlcal obaenatory Sun orbtClq aolar nbunator) Lunch of a Ikra orblter andlor tandar @eratlanal .tattonary orblt carunlcation aatelltra ayatr . , . Manned clrwlwr fllght Three-un nrblttng laboratory . Devrloprmtal fllghc of Nova tirat atye (A-1) Nuclear rocket fllnht teat (Rift) (1966-67 perlad) Dtvtlopmintal flifit of 2-rt-c Wmra (%I plur It-11) p . Inltlatlon of rrperiunta in watlur sodlflcatloa B- ?O &pol lo -nod orb1tlng laboratory and elretmlunar ftf&hta ~~~~~~~c~:~~~~~~fi~:c~~tcatlonr Orblt4mg .rtronalcal obmrvrtory vlth rscoverrbla data p.ckaie Fltght test with 1S00 kllwatt eloetrlc rocket ongln8 Cowltylcal probe Eoa t Tvclve-ran orbltlag laboratory 1970 Manned landin& on the moon , Snlar rclentlflc probe Oprratlonal lunar scleotlflc bare Prok out of the eellptlc . Dcvelopaencal fllght of kva 4th nuclear mecord atage c Manned fnterplanrtary flight Wra) Flrrt madplmmcrry Iadlw -2 Lnclomure 1 w - hge 2 ol 2 I < . . I LW-RANGE PLAN 1962 1 964 1672 RUN OUT OF lW4 BUDGET -- - . .. . --. , -...... WNEDSPACE ! LONG.RANGE PLAN I W2 c .- FLlGKT RUN- WT OF 1964 BWET '"- PROGRAM P.li 4 I P&IBLE wwPROGMW AT w BILLIOEI 1.~~1.i: LONG-IuNm PLAN 1962 RUN-WTOF IN4 BLR)(iET PW5IBLe NEW PROGRAMS AT $6 BILLION LONG-RANGE PLAN 1%1 , RUN- dUT OP 1964 BUDGET PmmLE NEW PROGRAMS AT 16 BILL~~~NL VEI 2 B LONG-RANGE PLAN 1962 RUN-OUT 1964 BUDCET s, WGSIU MWPROGRAMS AT $6 BILLION LEVEL LONG-RANGE PLAN 1962 Puadlng pruJestlwufur uach prqrurn In tllrr ah.chan Include fund# lor Itr cmtrlbutlun to the~Munnrd.Luwr ~.n& P~WCJI~ I The fundm.ental difference betweex ;he two space programs iavo;ves the decision of the present Aczlnistration to extend the , progrm of mnrrd, spxz flight beyond ?reject Nercury, and to do so I on a time scale 1eLadir.g go a manned lur.ar landing in this decase. 2 ,The 1961 long ran,ge planrhc?udad t5e development of 'a three- nan'~~o1lo type spacscraf t for agrth-orbital and 'circumlunar flights and the dcvelopnent of a three-stage .Saturn launch vehicle. However, the funding for these Program wzs inadequate. The plans adopted by the present Administration include the following: * a. Extension of the Nercury program. , ' \- b. Project Gcmini, which will produce an operational two-man spacecraft ca'pable of' flights lasting cp to two week, and space flight trajectory chznges that wiil make rendezvous maneuvers possible. c. Development of the Saturn I3 llzunch vehicle for boosting pay- loads weighing up to 32,000 pounas iato earth orbit. C. Develop~entof the Saturn V lacnch vehicle to bookt 240,000 pounds into earth orbit, or to launch 90,000. pouhds into a lunar trajectory. 1ts earth-orbital payload will be the equivalent of 80 Nercury spacecraft. The first stage of this vehicle will be five times as powerful as that of the Saturn I. . e. Developnent of the Apollo spacecraft, consisting of three saparzte modules, and thereafter, operational flights carried out in thz fo1 lowing manner: (I) >!snned earrh-orbital flights to'test rendezvous and 4 docking techniques in areparadcion for similar maneuvers in orbit about 'tfie moon.' -. I I (2) b:a.;med flights into oibit about the moon and lun'irr-: b landing., In the latter flights, the Saturn V will L ; lauach-a lunar excursion module tor the lunar I , . landings, in addition to the Apollo command module that houses the astronauts during launch and reentry. ., . - .- .-. . - .. f. I.;S;L;L rs:i:: JI ;:c:y.lr:: L- -:x-ls:LLo:, zssexiily, rest, . - .... '.Air-.. i.-.J-- ,.CJ.. :-;>L;;,-~J ,...'".- 1,"- --L' ~7.c 1:; .. -1: ;:2.-.:. ;h? i%i ?lsna Sot ,esscc: ial . . ;a LA.2 -*---.--...G- . -cr.,.- .,, ,,..,..-.- :~,,,-laa ---.* -- 27.t ;;::r';~l::c2 ,?sco fZi;kc c?aratioc..s. ..-. . . -. rei LC: ,..,--.. .-...... -.' .-- JC 5:z;dszcL; Cancer ?itch responsf ' -. - itor c . , Ji ;rii-;cc-& ?ii.ir.g, arrl the opers:iozal - - -. . . . . C~:~.,.; L a: S: b--v -% -- . --=-a- --- - '...-~.SLC..IS-- ; z!?c :-:ic?-a:ii Phzt ic : TLc 1963 S?ace Sciexss Plm ?rovlZes for cozsidarsble au~entaticn. avOr --,:.c - ?rcvLo:s ?Lana z:t ?TOV%~Sf3r cc~1sid2rablynore' conprehensive '. scimt if LC ir.v*s t igct iocs * T:.Iz ~i+r~.idF;mzz 252 s??ce cx7~ar2tiidnprqrm was exo&.dad in . . o:&: to ?roviGe Ax 2c~l~~~ia~~lsci2i::ifLc ccca that trz required -2- c:--e GJS~~TIand sSccass:c~-. -o?erz:ian 02 2 safe, reliable systes f.or -.L,rr~~c! .- luxr lazd5zg afici raturn. 2% -kns+r ?raga was incre&s& :. . .- . - 2-2- 2 fise .to s ===cri-il s?;zcacrefr ?k:,CerTg?.ea to accuire iuna:: .--:..--.. lac neczssL1.y far dcc~rxiai:; 2aslgx cbnstral,nts a2 =he Apolh sq..c -- ,.-,.-. S.;r~c~*oU-~;x~x.. . 1,:s: I:-il.-.~zs+z . ::c=- severr s?ace:rafc LJ . 1 .- .. - c:?;-o:-:Lys:ely s&IJC2ZkcnJ 2r.c ,~:~zr;;bite: ?rojact ves 2odliLad ' ca ?ravTiie for crexy, -.-'---,,,l1r, --.--;L:. =?:LL, 's?zcecral=, 5 order that , .zo=c Leiini=ive $~-,?sLcaickrzcce=iizLcs of the :mar sarfsce acd . . * ?c=ar.ci~iixdlng sites cz.7 be ?rascrLbed- for tke Apollo ?rogr& :-:ore cx=i?.slouj ctV;cr2.;e af sol~zac;iv:vi;y ad;oi rsciiarion phe- aoxe2a was icsrlliatac. AEYv 2rogr- ixmlvl;l-3 t2~~2cid.o-%-eratory spccecraft acd g31zctic ?zobas w&rc dsi Lncl~dod. 3hae ;?;cccxfr will mke possible obscrvs- -LLons - zcc ?odslBls vith cuzz~r.r:cr-ks 22d vL1l axtcrid our explotation t? . =he outer .reac::es' of :ha solar sys=er. 7 - -4pp.. to. ZnCl. 3 - '...... : C.. . ,*.- -. . -._ , . -. .(, :.,: :: I:'-- . . e r: d . . c. Bioscience Profram L The Bioscience grogram has been expanded to provide basic scientific itiformat ion required for longer manned spate f 1ight sissions, and bgckup for A;ollo in the event unforeseen physiologic~l problems arise. This expansion has resulted in the initiation of studies for a biosatellite flight project which will obtain-funda- mental inf ornat io'n on important b(iologica1 phenomena and Ancreased cziphasis on kxperiments related to the search'for extratarrestrial life. a d. Propulsion, and Launch Vehicle Dwelopment I \ . . The Launch Vehicle Trogram has been expanded'to provide for increased launch intensity, for the attakent of cost effectiveness in the proiuction of future vehicles, and for additional effort in the Centaur development program. e. University Program - 2 I NASA has used grants and research contracts with uni"ers,ities.' in support of the space research program. The Sustaining Upiveraity - Program was added in 1962 to support graduate level training, to provide, factlities to hou'se on-going space reeeaych, and .to give O long term -support to university reseirch projects. .0 The history of science and technology has shown that a sharp' cutting edge of research is. a? essential ingredient for pre-eminence in any branch of technwlogy. In order to assure pre-eminence in space over an extended period, it is considered tp,sentlal , to maintain a baladced spgce program .in which adequate resources ire. .invested in research arid' advaiice-d technology looking toward &he: 4 / future. The augmented and more carefully plahned program now in being gives t'he nation a signif idantly greeter thrust twkd providing :, 4 sound technological base on which to proceed-with difficult space f exploration missions. . ! ' I . - . - . -'. A salient difference between the tw~-~r&ra&lies in the substantial: - -' increases in effort in several reseatch and advmced'technirlogy aqeas , , including that of. nuclear rocket research and development. . . .%..,- . ' . . i , -r . The foll~wing'p;ograms are ill.ustrative o'f thdse in which new ok' _ ' . .,-. &panded activifies.havk been initked: space rhdiation effects 0% 1. , - 9 .. - y .a' . - . , . ; -:, * .3 . App. to Encl. 3 .q . .r 4 success .of any space mission, a new Electronics ~esearchCenter has - been reconnaended. . . .-. The direct effects of the increase aid breadth of the , research effort will be: a. to Ake flighr acsomplisbments and mitsidns yore assured and'. . 0. reliable, and' . . b.. - to improve the efficiency with' which .dpace flight is carried. - out, thereby permitting pore t6 be accdmplished with a.g$ven ef fgr$. : L. s - Several flight programs of critical importance have been unde.r- taker? which were not funiied under che 1961 pian. Among' these are Project Fire, which is to provide vital data in flight,on reentry - - heating at, end beyond Apollo sp%ds; an augmented flight progam to, - 'obeain data on the meteoroid collision hazard; and a ser-ies of flight experiinents to study the problems and performance of experimental ion . engines. in ,space. *. specidized, ground research facilities are. indispensable to - - . the accomplishment of the rqsearch program in the mosi economic and. . -efficient manner possible, The aupented program has .p&itted the construction of such f&cilities. 0 a*. '. , At 'the beginning of 1961, in the area of satellite applications, two successful~TirosMeteorological Satellites had,been launphed, a third was being readied for launch, but no more were planned. 0~e'of theafirst decisions of the new Administration was to ekpand the Tiros program in order that at least one might' be kept in orbit at alf times to provide a semi-operationa'l system that would give valuable weather data and stimulate a srlbstantlal number of other nations to zork,with the 0. S. in the early steps toward a world-wide meteorological system based on satellites. \ - 8 D - \' b 3 The Nimbus development effort w,as substantially increaged ta " provide for a world-wide meteorolsgical system. The dekisip6 wat made 4 d App. to Encl, 3 , . -. . *I - ,. . , > ._ . that' the Weather Bureau should operate this system. ' The ,number of Ni~bussatelliteschas been increased from the four research and development dsateblites planned -for in ~anuar~'1961, to qine $n the present pro-gram, wit& the funding 'to be prov.ided by both NASA and ,the Nea ther Bureau. . - . . , Only low altitude communication satellites \were funded in the ea3Ly progr&, and. no, early initiation of a synchronous orbit satellite was coqtempla&d. & cooperative NASA/DOD project, SYNCOI+, has ncrw been a ?. underway for nearly tb%ayoa;rs. ', ' I...... :p ..4 , , * ESRHATED WRTIW OF NASA AUTH6RIZATIONS (1962-3) AND PROJECTIONS (1964-70). UHICtl CONTRIBUTE TO SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDCE, WSTRIAL aODUCTIVITY, EDUCAmON AND MILITARY TEwLOCY (IN lU&LIONSOF DOLLARS) . . Scienttf i.c Kn~nledge January 1961 Long Raqge Plan 420 540 560 ' 730 810 1100 1100 1160. 1100' Preee~t,LoagRange Plarming 610 1030 1460 1600 ' 1600 1600. 1600 1604 . it300 Industrial Productivity January 1961 kgItan& Plan 750 llGb 1240 1360 1450 1600 1600 1600 1600 Present bag Range Plsnalng 1180 2760 4370 6400 - 4400 4400 4400 FOO 4400 Education 'January 1961 Uq 'Range Plan 40 SO 60 90 '115 160 160 160 160 Present'bng Range Planning 50 110 160 200 250 250 250 250 250 -Mi1 'ary Technology January 1961 Long Range Plan 210 190 160 2p0 200 2~ 200 200 200 Present Long Range Planning 290 620 1150 1500 1500 1500 1500 1506 1500 -. L , i NOTES: 1. Inarmuch a8 the arear apecificd are not mutually exclueive, i.e., certain money expended may benefit two or more arear eimultaneously, the yearly totals of the abwe fimres excded the actual ot planned expenditures. , 2. The valuer rtated for the "Present Long Range Planning" are based on a , continuation at a $6 Billion level beyond 1964. . . -- a 1 . *I PACE 1 of 1. PAGE I !