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Wu Ming New Thing:Int BIBLIOTHÈQUE ITALIENNE Dirigée par Serge Quadruppani NEW THING CHEZ LE MÊME ÉDITEUR Wu Ming 2, Guerre aux humains WU MING 1 NEW THING Traduit de l’italien et présenté par Serge Quadruppani Traduit avec le concours du Centre National du Livre Publié avec le concours do Instituto Portugês do Livro e das Bibliotecas Traduit de l’anglais (Écosse) par David Fauquemberg Éditions Métailié 5, rue de Savoie, 75006 Paris www.editions-metailie.com 2007 La reproduction totale ou partielle de l’œuvre ainsi que sa diffusion par voie télématique sont autorisées, sous condition de fins non commerciales et de reproduction de la présente mention. Titre original: New Thing © Wu Ming 1, 2004 Published by arrangement wtih Roberto Santachiara Literary Agency Traduction française © Éditions Métailié, Paris, 2007 ISBN : 978-2-86424-618-3 ISSN : 1264-5834 Mon nom est personne ou Wu Ming, refaire le monde en le racontant Voici une entreprise qui n’eut jamais d’exemple et dont l’exécution n’a guère d’imitateur. Auteur collectif de romans- fleuves best-sellers en Italie et bien vendus en Angleterre comme en Allemagne ou en Espagne; théoricien à cinq têtes sur des thèmes aussi divers que la mitopoiese (création des mythes), la culture pop ou le copyleft (gratuité de la culture); bouillonnant foyer de création dans l’écrit, la musique, la vidéo, le cinéma, l’ensemble entrant en fusion sur internet; animant un site en italien, anglais, espagnol, portugais, français, allemand, suédois, hollandais, catalan, slovène et quelques autres langues, en contact avec des dizaines de milliers d’internautes de tous pays; acteur important des manifestations de Gênes 2001 ; menant, en Italie et dans le reste du monde, maints combats sur la toile et dans la rue, Wu Ming est encore fin 2007 à peu près inconnu en France. S’il faut chercher un retard français, on le trouvera non pas dans les supposées réticences hexagonales aux merveilles de la mondialisation des capitaux, mais bien plutôt dans les pesanteurs des systèmes de légitimation et de diffusion culturelles, si peu armés pour apercevoir la vraie nouveauté, quand bien même elle est sous leurs yeux. De fait, la publication du présent livre, écrit par Wu Ming 1, et de Guerre aux humains, de Wu Ming 2, n’est pas la première apparition du phénomène en français. En 2001 a été publié aux Éditions du Seuil un livre qui n’a pas remporté le succès qu’il aurait mérité (rien de comparable en tout cas avec celui qu’il a connu en Italie et en bien d’autres pays): L’Œil de Carafa. En italien, le titre avait la puissance de sa brièveté: Q. Fresque des révoltes paysannes levées au XVIe siècle dans le sillage de la Réforme, ce livre polyphonique, ode à la communauté humaine en marche dès l’aube des temps modernes, était aussi une œuvre collective, signée Luther Blissett. 9 À ce point, on espère que le lecteur, renvoyé d’un nom mystérieux à un autre, se demande avec l’ardeur d’un amateur de roman-feuilleton parvenu à la fin d’un chapitre: qui est Luther Blissett? Qui est Wu Ming? C’est ce que vous saurez en lisant: Les ténébreux complots de Luther Blissett Luther Blissett est une signature partagée par des centaines d’artistes et d’activistes à travers l’Europe et l’Amérique du Sud depuis l’été 1994. Pour des raisons qui restent inconnues, ce nom a été emprunté à un joueur de football d’origine afro- caribéenne. Lequel a montré, avant et après quelques autres, que bien des footballeurs savent se servir de leur tête autrement qu’en l’enfonçant dans la poitrine de l’adversaire: lors d’une émission de la BBC, en 2004, il a manifesté son amusement pour cet usage de son nom et brandi un exemplaire d’un livre de théorie critique signé Wu Ming. En Italie, entre 1994 et 1999, le Luther Blissett Project, réseau organisé, devint un phénomène très répandu, réussissant à créer la légende d’un héros populaire. Un Robin des Bois de l’information qui multiplia les canulars médiatiques durant cinq ans. On n’en citera que quelques-uns. En 1995, Harry Kipper, artiste conceptuel britannique dispa - raissait à la frontière italo-slovène lors d’un voyage en VTT mené dans l’intention de dessiner sur la carte de l’Europe le mot ART. Chi l’a visto?, célèbre émission italienne (équivalente de Perdu de vue), tomba dans le panneau et se couvrit de ridicule. Harry Kipper n’avait jamais existé. Le canular le plus complexe fut mis en œuvre dans le Latium, en 1997. Il dura un an. À grand renfort de fausses traces de rites, de communiqués jamais vérifiés par les rédactions, politiciens et journalistes de la presse écrite et télévisée furent poussés à développer les plus extravagantes théories sur la renaissance du satanisme. Le canular fut ensuite loué et analysé par des universitaires et des experts des médias, et devint un cas d’étude dans plusieurs textes scientifiques. C’est ce que les activistes du Luther Blissett Project appe - laient “la contre-information homéopathique” : en injectant une 10 dose calculée de fausseté dans les médias, ils visaient à montrer le manque de sérieux de beaucoup de créateurs d’opinion et le manque de fondement des climats de panique morale. Renver - sant la célèbre sentence de Debord (qu’ils n’apprécient guère), ils font en sorte que le “faux soit un moment du vrai”. Le canular final advint avec l’emprisonnement en Serbie du sculpteur et performeur serbe Darko Maver, tué ensuite dans un bombar - dement de L’OTAN. Ses tableaux furent exposés à Rome et à Bologne et de prestigieux magazines artistiques publièrent un appel de solidarité. Certains critiques respectés prétendirent même connaître personnellement l’artiste. Il fallut attendre que Luther Blissett se fasse hara-kiri pour que la vérité soit révélée: Darko Maver n’avait jamais existé. Au terme de ce plan quinquennal de dévoilement des mécanismes médiatiques, en 1999, le Luther Blissett Project se saborda, donnant naissance à des groupes divers. L’un d’eux fut 0100101110101101.org, groupe de média artistes qui réussirent à convaincre la population de Vienne que Nike voulait racheter la Karlsplatz et la rebaptiser Nikeplatz, ce qui entraîna les débats qu’on imagine en Autriche. Un autre groupe fut constitué par quatre activistes bolonais qui, gardant le nom du footballeur, écrivirent Q. Publié en Italie en 1999, le livre a été édité ensuite en anglais (britannique et américain), espagnol, allemand, néerlandais, français, portugais (brésilien), danois, polonais et grec. Le code Wu Ming En janvier 2000, une cinquième personne se joignait aux quatre auteurs de Q, et un nouveau groupe d’auteurs était né, Wu Ming. Selon la manière dont on prononce la première syllabe, ce mot chinois signifie soit “anonyme” (signature habi - tuelle des tracts des dissidents chinois), soit “cinq noms”. Le nom fut choisi à la fois comme hommage à la dissidence et par rejet explicite de l’auteur star. Publié en 2004 en italien, et ensuite en bien d’autres langues (mais pas en français), 54, la première grande œuvre collective de Wu Ming, faisait croiser l’histoire d’une douzaine de personnages (dont Cary Grant, Tito 11 et le général Giap). Ce roman a inspiré le groupe de folk-rock Yo Yo Mundi, dont l’album porte le même titre que le livre (8000 exemplaires vendus, ce qui en Italie est un excellent résultat, surtout quand la vente se fait pour l’essentiel hors des circuits institués). Wu Ming a aussi écrit le scénario d’un film de Guido Chiesa, Radio Alice, qui a enregistré 500000 entrées en Italie, et lauréat de nombreux prix dans des festivals. Bien qu’ils affectionnent les apparitions publiques en passe- montagne, l’identité des cinq membres de Wu Ming n’est pas secrète, mais il considèrent que leur travail est plus important que leurs biographies ou leurs visages. Par ordre alphabétique, Roberto Bui est Wu Ming 1, Giovanni Cattabriga, Wu Ming 2, Luca di Meo, Wu Ming 3, Federico Guglielmi, Wu Ming 4 et Riccardo Pedrini, Wu Ming 5. Pour une bibliographie complète, comprenant les œuvres individuelles, on se reportera en fin de volume. Entre-temps, en 2001, les quatre auteurs de Q avaient écrit une série d’appels, qui furent très largement diffusés. Ils annon - çaient et accompagnaient le mouvement de contestation du sommet du G8 en juillet à Gênes, énorme rassemblement, immense espérance d’un autre monde possible qui devait se conclure, comme chacun devrait se souvenir, par une répression féroce de manifestants désarmés et la mort de Carlo Giuliani, tué par un carabinier. Titrés “Des multitudes d’Europe en marche contre l’Empire et vers Gênes”, ces textes publiés avant le rassemblement frappent par leur qualité littéraire et leur ton millénariste, qui évoque la thématique de Q: “Nous sommes nouveaux, mais nous sommes de toujours. Nous sommes anciens pour le futur, armée de la désobéissance dont les histoires sont des armes, en marche depuis des siècles sur ce conti - nent. Sur nos étendards est écrit ‘dignité’. En son nom, nous combattons quiconque se veut maître des personnes, des champs, des bois et des cours d’eau, gouverne par l’arbitraire, impose l’ordre de l’Empire, réduit les communautés à la misère. Nous sommes les paysans de la Jacquerie […]. Nous sommes les ciompi de Florence, petit peuple des fabriques et des arts mineurs. En l’an du Seigneur 1378, un cardeur nous conduisit à la révolte. […] Nous sommes les paysans d’Angleterre qui prirent les armes contre les nobles pour mettre fin à la gabelle et aux impôts.
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