DOCSLIB.ORG

For Best Wagons, Plows, Scrapers, Baggies, Darts, and Implements of Every Description. Call and See. Lumber & Builder's Flla

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

at Michael Reese hospital will be­ TO DRIVE A LION TEAM. gin a novel experiment tomorrow upon a consumptive patient. They Don't Be Led Astray, hope to at least to lengthen the Carl Hagenbeck, the Great Lion Tamer man's life considerably, if thev is Coming to Chiaago. do not cure him of disease. Al­ though the experiment is not gen­ erally known to laymen, owing to A Mammoth Amphitheater Will be the few instances in which it has Erected Tor the World's Fair Year- been employod, medical journals of Daily Performances. late years have devoted considera­ BUT GO TO ble space to it. The experiment is Carl Hagenbeck, the great wild- simple in extreme. A dog is put beast tamer and collector of Ham­ in a room with the patient, and in burg, Germany, is coming to the some cases the dog has slept with THE the diseased person, and it is HOWARD SEBREE COMPANY World's fair. With him will be a Cool $1,000,000 worth of the curi­ claimed by the medical profession ous and interesting of the animal that the dog breathes the germs, kingdom, for Carl Hagenbeck is thereby contracting the disease noted as the greatest man in the with the lesult of lengthening the life of the patient. Four healthy For Best Wagons, Plows, Scrapers, world for collect wild beasts. Barnum, Forepaugh, Robinson and dogs will be secured to night at the all the American circuses fill their city dog pound by hospital physi­ menageries from the Hagenbeck cians and the experment will be Baggies, darts, and Implements of depot in Hamburg, for his agents put into operation as soon as the are constantly scouring plain, wood animals arrive at the hospital. The and jungle for show animals. matter is being kept a secret by When Hagenbeck, makes his Dr. AbtI<fthe physician in charge at Every Description. Call and See. bow to Chicago he will ride into Michael Reese, and when the re­ the arena driving four magnificent porter asked for information was lions hitched to a golden Roman politely but firmly refused. CHAS. H. SEBREE, chariot, and with two enormous MANAGER. tigers in the chariot with him, the GIANT AND MIDGET WED. stripsd brutes standing on their Two Side-Show Attraction* at the Altar. A LEADER. hind legs, their fore paws resting Since hs first introduction, Electric Hitters Ti~,jjLy5 Bolivar, Mo., Aug.10.—Extremes on the beast-tamer's shoulders. has gaintd tapidly in popular favor, until now LU met in this city this morning when it is clearly in the lead among pure medicinal That is the sort of a man Hagen­ tonics and alteratives-containing nothing G. W. COOPER. the Texas giant, Colonel Torvell, beck, the "King of Beasts," is.. which permits its use as a beverage or intoxi­ 7 feet 8 inches in height, married cant, it is recognized as the best and purest ORGANIZED A STOCK COMPANY. medicine for ai' ailments of Stomach, Liver pretty Henrietta Mority, the mid­ or Kidneys.—It will cure Sick Headache, -DEALER IN- The Haganbeck Roman Arena get maiden, who has just reached Indigestion, Constipation, ar.d drive Malaria from the system. Satisfaction guaranteed company of Chicago, with a capital an altitude of 22 inches. The with each bottle or the money will be re­ stock of $375,000, has recently been funded. Price only S00- Per bottle. Sold couple have been the great attrac­ by H. D. Blatchley. organized for the purpose of bring­ tion with a circus showing in this ing Carl Haganbeck and his 2,000 section of the state for some weeks COUNTY TREASURER'S NOTICE. animals to Chicago for the World's Lumber & Builder's fllaterial, past. It had been evident to the Upon presentation I will pay all current ex- Fair. ponse warrants registered on or before April 15, attaches of the show for a long time 1892. J. O. BAKER, Titas. Ada Co. The company has secured a past that the giant was badly smit­ Boise City, Idaho, May 13, 18!>2. piece of ground 250 feet square ten with the midget, while 6he COAL AND WOOD south of the Midway plaisance on looked up admiringly at him. CITY DIRECTORY. the Illinois Central railroad, and Quietly taking a clergyman into TOWN COUNCIL. there will erect a Roman ampithe- Frank Steunenberg, chairman. his confidence, the hour was set and Mont le B. (Iwinn. W. C. Dunbar. atcr, octagon in shape and 200 feet this morning the gallant giant J. T. Morrison. F. B. Hardy. -MANUFACTURER OF- across. The structure will be built stole his fairy bride from beneath W. C. Maxey. - E. E. Maxey. fireproof, of hollow tile, terra-cotta her mother's wing, hurried to the and steel, at a cost of $200,000. parson and the words were quickly PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS The ground floor will be taken up spoken which made them man and I.L calls promptly answered day or night. A Office in Odd Fellows Block, uustairs. by the menagerie proper, where wife. Mrs. Mority, Torvell's moth­ Steel Wire Combination Fence. the great collection of wild animals er in-law, raised a lively scene FRANK MOORE. and the ten thousand and more when she learned that her daugh­ HOTOGRAPHER. First-class curiou8 things Herr Haganbeck ter had married, but was finally P and prices low as thelie lowest.lowest, Gaiery at res­ Call and examine work. has picked up all over the world pacified. idence. Ca" , will be exhibited. It will be so arranged that a fee of 10 cents will Aver's Ague Cure is an antidote W. O. STALKER, provide access to the ménagerie for malaria and all malarial dis­ ortly. The upper floor will be eases, whether generated by swamp CS im fitted up for the arena, in which or sewer. Neither quinine, arsenic ESIDEXT DENTIST, Office In New Ma- 3t.: New Stable, R sonic Block. the performances will be Riven. nor any other injurious drug enters assm g m't WILL PERFORM WITH TRAINED LIONS into the composition of this remedy. CHAS. A. HAND. V T FVVi\ V.'- Warranted to cure fever and ague. New Horses, It will have a seating capacity URVEYOR. Locates and Surveys Govern­ m S ment and Private Land. A complete set of of 10,0(H), and as the room will be maps showing all the open and occupied lands In 200 feet in diameter and 50 feet in | As a rule a man who lias a mus- Boise Valley. Ditch Surveying a Specialty New Vehicles. height, it will be something of a j tache he can twist or whiskers he îpfl&f can stroke is three limes as long CHAS. H. REED. A: sight itself. In the arena Carl j making up his mind as one who 1 ^TTOLTNEY-AT-LAW. Will attend to Haganbeck and his company of business intrusted to his care promptly. hasn't. sixty will perform with trained D. D. CAMBELL, Prop'r. lions, tigers, hyenas, elephants, John T. Morrison, JolinC. Rice \\ ill be pleased to serve the public with the best and cheap­ seals, giraffs, monkeys, pigs, doves, MORRISON & RICE horses, mules, sheep, dogs, parrots, Glossy Sheen est turnouts in Idaho, day or night, with or withput. driver. TTORNEYS-AT-LAW. Ofliep In O ld Fel­ chickens, cows and all varieties of Ami vigorous growth, so much admired in A lows' Building. Aillegal business entrüste, Everything fed from a sheep to an elephant. All stock en- hair, can be secured l>y the use of Ayer's to us will receive prompt and careful attention. wild and domestic animals, to say Hair Vigor. There is nothing better than ru sted to my care will receive the best attention. ihis preparation for keeping the scalp clean, nothing of snakes. cool, and healthy It restores to faded and CHAS. E. LEE, M. D. There will be no human stars on gray hair the original color and beauty, pre­ vents baldness, and imparts to the hair a T^ENDI'.IÎS his Professional Services to the trapeze or doing the bare back act, silky texture and a lasting and delicate fra­ x Citizens of Caldwell and liolse Valley. grance. Hie most elegant and economical or other ordinary circus antics, for dressing in the market, no toilet is complete without Ayer's Hair Vigor. I? Nt'AM l'MENT.— T r.M ri.K E slA.M'M K n r wild animals are the stars of this 1j No. a, 1. O. O. F. Meets the Iii St and Picard & Roberts, "My wife believes that the money spent third Monday in each monthat Odd Fellows Hall. aggregation, and the men and fnr Ayer's Hair Vigor was the best'invest­ Visiting Patriarchs made welcome. ment she ever made. It imparts a soft • A. K. STKl'NKNTKltti, T. ATKINSON, women are dazzlers of a lesser Scribe. c. P. magnitude. And Silky Texture O. O. F.—CAUUVKLI, LOIICK NO. 10. Hall 1 to the hair, and gives much satisfaction." — I new brick building. liegular meeting Wed- Three performances will be given nesday, evening each'week.k. Visiting Brethern J. A. Adams. St. Augustine, Texas. •ordiallyIlally inInvited toattend. P a day, and Mr. Loeb says that the "After using a number of other prepara­ W, S. BAI>LKY. HKNUY BRAKY, entertainment will stand the peer1 tions without any satisfactory result. 1 find Secretary. Noble Grand. that Ayer's Hair Vigor is causing my hair to NIGHTS OF PYTHLYS. Mof.NTAIN GKM of anything inside or outside the j grow." —A.
Recommended publications
  • Not Shut in by Any Fence

    Not Shut in by Any Fence

    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects Honors Program 5-2013 Not Shut in by Any Fence Anna Bullock Brown Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/honors Part of the Creative Writing Commons Recommended Citation Brown, Anna Bullock, "Not Shut in by Any Fence" (2013). Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects. 630. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/honors/630 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOT SHUT IN BY ANY FENCE by Anna Bullock Brown Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DEPARTMENT AL HONORS in English, Creative Writing in the Department of English Approxed:- Thesis/ .r;roJect Advisor Departmental Honors Advisor Dr. JenMer Sinor Dr..Phebe Jensen --,_ -----~------ Thesis '6mmittee member Thesis committee member Dr. Evelyn Funda Dr. Brock Dethier --,-- Jrn-eeto ot Honors Program Dr. Nicholas Morrison UT AH ST A TE UNIVERSITY Logan, UT Spring 2013 Not Shut In By Any Fence Anna Bullock Brown Department of English Abstract From their beginning in the mid- l 800s, zoos ( or zoological gardens as they were first known) were meant for both research and education. They offered viewers the opportunity to see animals that they otherwise would never have seen. These animals were kept in cages to protect the zoo-goers. The history of zoos demonstrates a conflicting desire between our human need to connect with animals as well as our fear (literal and metaphoric) of what that connection might mean.
  • Hagenbecks „Völkerschauen“

    Hagenbecks „Völkerschauen“

    AB SEK II Anders sein / Internationale Beziehungen / Macht und Ohnmacht / SEK II: Imperialismus Kultur und Vergnügungen /Kolonialismus / Kaiserzeit Hagenbecks „Völkerschauen“ Schon im römischen Reich und wieder im Absolutismus wurden in Europa Menschen aus entfernten Weltgegenden wegen ihrer fremden Lebensweise und ihres anderen Aussehens ausgestellt. Es waren meistens Menschen aus Ethnien, deren Gebiet erobert wurde. Eine Blüte erfuhren diese „Menschenzoos“ in der Zeit des Kolonialismus. Im deutschen Reich war der Hamburger Carl Hagenbeck ein Großunternehmer in diesem Gewerbe. Seine Anwerber begaben sich in Kolonien und abgelegene Weltgegenden und versuchten, möglichst große Gruppen der dortigen Einwohner zu einem Aufenthalt in Europa zu bewegen – mit Überredungskraft, finanziellen Anreizen und auch mittels Druck. Carl Hagenbeck eröffnete seine erste Menschenausstellung mit Lappländern 1874 in Hamburg, dann folgten Berlin und Leipzig. 1876 kamen drei „Nubier“ nach Deutschland. 1880 folgten die Inuit, von deren Aufenthalt die untenstehenden Schriftquellen stammen (Siehe auch „Zeitgenosse“ Abraham Urikab). 1884 organsierte Hagenbeck eine „Kalmücken“ (richtig Oiraten) – Schau, darauf folgte eine Ceylonschau. Alle Schauen wurden so inszeniert, dass künstliche Gebäude im „Stil“ des Herkunftslands als Behausungen zu sehen waren und die Fremden „ihre“ Handwerke, Gesänge und Tänze vorführten. Den ganzen Tag lang wurden sie bei einem künstlich wiedererschaffenen Alltagsleben angeschaut. Hagenbecks Erfolg war überragend. 1908 konnte er den Zoo
  • Revisiting the Relationship Between Indigenous Agency and Museum Inventories

    Revisiting the Relationship Between Indigenous Agency and Museum Inventories

    Revisiting the Relationship between Indigenous Agency and Museum Inventories: An Object-Centered Study of the Formation of Lübeck's Jacobsen Collection (1884/1885) from the Northwest Coast of America By Angela Hess Cover: Objects from Lübeck’s Jacobsen collection. Photo: Angela Hess, July 2019 Revisiting the Relationship between Indigenous Agency and Museum Inventories: An Object-Centered Study of the Formation of Lübeck's Jacobsen Collection (1884/1885) from the Northwest Coast of America Author: Angela Hess Student number: s2080087 MA Thesis Archaeology (4ARX-0910ARCH) Supervisor: Dr. M. De Campos Françozo Specialization: Heritage and Museum Studies University of Leiden, Faculty of Archaeology Leiden, June 5, 2020, final version 1 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 5 Chapter One: Introduction .................................................................................................. 6 Defining the Research Scope: Aims and Objectives, Hypotheses, Limitations ............. 10 Methodology and Theoretical Frameworks .................................................................. 12 Working Definitions ...................................................................................................... 14 Outline of Chapters ....................................................................................................... 17 Chapter Two: Contexts and Concepts for the Study of the 1884/85 Jacobsen Collection19 2.1
  • 955 Nohope Diceros Bicornis

    955 Nohope Diceros Bicornis

    species L. carinatus is distinguished from all the The bright brick-red throat, quite Merent other species of this genus, includmg even from that of the adults, was particularly re- L. cubet~siswhich is more common in Cuba, by markable. The yellow-brown tail, whch be- a particularly strong development of a com- came caudally lighter, bore more clearly than ponent of aposematic behaviour: its tail has a do those of adults the strongly defined dark definite threat function and is then rolled up cross markmgs (a phenomenon frequent in dorsally in a ring or a spiral and is carried over juvenile lizards, probably of an aposematic the back. (L.personatus also shows th~sbe- nature). The young animal was reared in haviour in a somewhat weaker form, though isolation in a separate container. The ‘rolling’ here the tad is moved more sinuously. of the tail was seen for the first time on the (Mertens, R., 1946: Die Warn- und Druh- second day of life, which, as was to be ex- Reaktionen der Reptilien. Abh. senckenberg. pected, demonstrated that this was an in- naturfi Ges. 471). herent instinctive action. When the young The hatchmg of a Roll-tailed iguana (we animal sat at rest, clmging to a sloping branch, call it hson account of its characteristic its tail lay flat, with at most the extreme end of threat behaviour) in the East Berlin Zoo must it turned upwards. However, as soon as it went be the first to be recorded in Europe. The into motion the tail with its remarkable stria- adult animals arrived on the 9th August 1962 tion was jerhly raised and rolled up high over after a tenday journey by cea.
  • Human Zoos’ Exoticism, Ethnic Exhibitions and the Power of the Gaze

    Human Zoos’ Exoticism, Ethnic Exhibitions and the Power of the Gaze

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Trieste BEYOND THE ‘HUMAN ZOOS’ EXOTICISM, ETHNIC EXHIBITIONS AND THE POWER OF THE GAZE Guido Abbattista Guido Abbattista is a modern historian at the University of Trieste. He specializes in eighteenth- century historical, political and anthropological culture. He has recently researched on living ethno- exhibitions in nineteenth-twentieth century Italy and is currently working on a project on European representations of China 1750-1860. ABSTRACT This essay dwells on the concepts of ‘human zoos’ and ‘living human exhibitions’, in order to show that the first was a particular case of a larger family of cultural practices in early modern and modern Europe, where the appropriation of human ‘others’ was inspired by the will to exercise the ‘power of the gaze’. Human aliens were repeatedly and often voluntary victims of abduction from their countries of origin and public exhibition in several different venues in European cities according to widely diffused practices of ‘public othering of the human body’, which was made available to the observation of the Western gaze. The great nineteenth-twentieth century world expositions offered one of the most influential contexts for such ethno-shows, innovating the pre-existing performances in several ways, in particular by taking over the ‘human zoos’ format. It would be partial however to interpret the latter only in terms of the obvious aspects of ‘animalisation’ of human ‘others’ and racism. Public exhibitions of living humans ‘other’ were in fact complex performances involving ideas of civilizing and Christianizing tasks and occasioned unexpected reactions on both sides of the exhibitions, so that to reduce the latter to a mere expression of power and racist domination means to miss important aspects of the complex relationship between exposer and exposed.
  • Colonial Exhibitions, 'Völkerschauen' and the Display of the 'Other' by Anne Dreesbach

    Colonial Exhibitions, 'Völkerschauen' and the Display of the 'Other' by Anne Dreesbach

    Colonial Exhibitions, 'Völkerschauen' and the Display of the 'Other' by Anne Dreesbach The term 'Völkerschau' became common in the 19th century and denoted the exhibition of members of particular ethnic groups, above all for commercial reasons. The term is primarily used in scholarly research to distinguish Hagenbeck-in- fluenced exhibitions from those that came earlier. Between the founding of the Reich and the 1930s, there were about 400 'Völkerschauen' in Germany. Each exhibition followed a certain presentation model, which drew upon the stereo- types about the various populations being depicted. In a recursive 'cycle of stereotypes', the exhibition affirmed and ac- tivated the visitors' already ingrained prejudices and encouraged them to form new ones. In the wake of talking films and, later, long-distance tourism, 'Völkerschauen' disappeared from the German public eye in the 1930s. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Beginnings 2. The structure of a 'Völkerschau' 3. Advertising and mode of presentation 4. 'Völkerschauen' and colonial propaganda 5. 'Völkerschauen' and science 6. The end of the 'Völkerschau' 7. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Indices Citation Beginnings The practice of putting 'exotic' people on display began in Europe in the early modern period, when European explor- ers (ᇄ Media Link #ab) made their way to every corner of the globe. Sailors brought people with them from the newly explored areas, much as they might present foreign objects, plants and animals to prove the exoticism and wealth of previously unknown countries.1 These 'exotic' people were then exhibited by their 'discoverers' at royal courts or public fairs. Christopher Columbus (1451–1506) (ᇄ Media Link #ac) himself brought seven 'Arawak Indians' of the West Indies (ᇄ Media Link #ad) home to Europe from his first trip (ᇄ Media Link #ae).
  • Curriculum Vitae

    Curriculum Vitae

    NINA BERMAN School of International Letters and Cultures Arizona State University [email protected] https://ninaaberman.wordpress.com/author/ninaaberman/ EDUCATION 1989-1994: Ph.D., Department of German, University of California, Berkeley Dissertation: Orientalismus, Kolonialismus und Moderne: Zum Bild des Orients in der deutschen Kultur um 1900. Committee: Anton Kaes (director), W. Daniel Wilson, David Lloyd 1987-89: M.A., Department of German, San Francisco State University, San Francisco 1980-83: B.A. (Zwischenprüfung in German, Arabic, and History), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany EMPLOYMENT 2016--: Professor of International Letters and Cultures, Arizona State University; Director of the School of International Letters and Cultures 2008--2016: Professor of Comparative Studies, Ohio State University 2001–08: Associate Professor, joint position in Department of Comparative Studies and Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures (2004-08), Associate Professor, Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, Ohio State University, Columbus (2001-04); adjunct appointment with Department of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures (2004--); associated with Center for African Studies and Middle East Studies Center 1994-2001: Associate Professor (2000-2001), Assistant Professor (1994-2000), Department of Germanic Studies, University of Texas, Austin; affiliated with the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Comparative Literature, Islamic Studies, and Women’s Studies, University of Texas, Austin BOOKS Germans on the Kenyan Coast: Land, Charity, and Romance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2017. German Literature on the Middle East: Discourses and Practices, 1000-1989. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2011. 323 pp. Outstanding Academic Title 2012, Choice. Impossible Missions? German Economic, Military, and Humanitarian Efforts in Africa. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2004.
  • Colonial Exhibitions and Human Zoos

    Colonial Exhibitions and Human Zoos

    Colonial Exhibitions From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A colonial exhibition was a type of international exhibition intended to boost trade and bolster popular support for the various colonial empires during the New Imperialism period, which started in the 1880s with the scramble for Africa. The British Empire Exhibition of 1924–5 ranked among these expositions, but perhaps the most notable was the rather successful 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition, which lasted six months and sold 33 million tickets. Paris's Colonial Exhibition debuted on 6 May 1931, and encompassed 110 hectares of the Bois de Vincennes. The exhibition included dozens of temporary museums and façades representing the various colonies of the European nations, as well as several permanent buildings. Among these were the Palais de la Porte Dorée, designed by architect Albert Laprode, which then housed the Musée permanent des Colonies, and serves today as the Cité nationale de l'histoire de l'immigration. An anti-colonial counter-exhibition was held near the 1931 Colonial Exhibition, titled Truth on the Colonies and was organized by the French Communist Party. The first section was dedicated to the crimes made during the colonial conquests, and quoted Albert Londres and André Gide's criticisms of forced labour while the second one made an apology of the Soviets' "nationalities' policy" compared to "imperialist colonialism". Germany and Portugal also staged colonial exhibitions, as well as Belgium, which had a Foire coloniale as late as 1948. Human zoos were featured in some of these exhibitions, such as in the Parisian 1931 exhibition. Through the 1950s, Africans and Native Americans Were Kept In Zoos As Exhibits By M.B.
  • Race, Empire and Inherited Histories: Readings of Kafka, Schnitzler and Heyse

    Race, Empire and Inherited Histories: Readings of Kafka, Schnitzler and Heyse

    Race, Empire and Inherited Histories: Readings of Kafka, Schnitzler and Heyse by Vasuki Shanmuganathan A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Germanic Languages & Literatures and Women & Gender Studies Institute University of Toronto © Copyright by Vasuki Shanmuganathan 2016 Race, Empire and Inherited Histories: Readings of Kafka, Schnitzler and Heyse Vasuki Shanmuganathan Doctor of Philosophy in German Literature, Culture and Theory Department of Germanic Languages & Literatures and Women & Gender Studies Institute University of Toronto 2016 Abstract My dissertation examines the discourses of empire during the shift from aesthetic to biopolitical ways of reading race, which influenced nineteenth and twentieth century German language writings. Seemingly disparate novellas from Paul Heyse and Arthur Schnitzler and a short story from Franz Kafka serve to illustrate how race was locally defined through the narrative of inherited histories in the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires. “Inherited histories” is a term which privileges heredity, race and kinship networks as sites to study empire during a period when national and linguistic terms of defining bodies were different. In collocation, the first historical exploration of German and Austrian family business networks in colonial Ceylon and an autobiography from John George Hagenbeck show how views on race were globally ordered through colonialism but also blurred in order to accommodate trade. Additional materials such as postcards, photographs and stagings of ethnographic exhibits further inform the unstable constructions of race in the through kinship networks and heredity. There are three key contributions this dissertation makes to race, sexuality and colonial studies. The first section shows how the German and Austro-Hungarian Empire did not require formal colonies, ii comparable to the British or French regimes, to own businesses in colonial Ceylon.
  • Book Reviews

    Book Reviews

    Book Reviews Alaskan Voyage. 1881-1883. An Expedition to the Northwest Coast of America, by Johan Adrian Jacobsen, from the German text of Adrian Woldt. Translated by Erna Gunther. Chicago and London : The Uni­ versity of Chicago Press, 1977. Pp. xii, 266. Illustrations, maps, auto­ biographical appendix, notes, glossary of place names, bibliography and index. $17.50. When Franz Boas began his studies of Northwest Coast Indians in the late 1880s, a large proportion of the choice cultural artifacts of these people which had existed at mid-century had already disappeared from the area — bought by British American, Russian and, above all, German traders for resale to the great museums. The result has been that, at least until recently, the best collections of Northwest Coast Indian art were to be found in Europe and America and not in British Columbia. One of the earliest and most effective agents of this commercial plunder was the substantive author of this book, Johan Adrian Jacobsen. Born on the island of Rise near Tromso in northern Norway, Jacobsen early developed the strength, skills and taste for arctic travel. By the time he was twenty-four he was undertaking to supply Eskimo artifacts and persuade (virtually kidnap) Eskimos to leave Greenland for Germany — all for displays by the Hamburg showman, Carl Hagenbeck, in the inter­ ests of "scientific" ethnography. Later he went to Lapland for the same purposes, and in July 1881 was commissioned by Director Bastian of the Berlin Museum to make a similar expedition of several years to the North­ west Coast of America.
  • European Encounters in the Age of Expansion by Guido Abbattista

    European Encounters in the Age of Expansion by Guido Abbattista

    European Encounters in the Age of Expansion by Guido Abbattista This article reconstructs the expansion of Europe overseas and the multiple forms of encounters between European navigators, explorers, conquerors, colonizers, merchants and missionaries and "other" peoples and cultures over the course of four centuries. There has always been a double aspect to such encounters. At an immediate and practical level, conquest, colonization and trade led to modes of domination or coexistence and multi-faceted transcultural rela- tionships. In Europe, such encounters with "otherness" led to attempts to explain and interpret the origins and nature of racial and cultural (linguistic, religious and social) diversity. At the same time, observation of alien societies, cultures and religious practices broadened the debate on human social forms, leading to a critical reappraisal of European Christian civilization. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preliminary remarks 2. Encounters: With whom, where and when? 3. Who are they, where do they come from, how do they live? 4. Other civilizations, other histories 5. Close encounters of a third kind 6. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography Citation Preliminary remarks Now the Great Map of Mankind is unrolled at once; and there is no state or Gradation of barbarism, and no mode of refinement which we have not at the same instant under our View. The very different Civility of Europe and of China; the barbarism of Persia and Abyssinia, the erratic manners of Tartary, and of Arabia. The Sav- age state of North America, and of New Zealand.1 Written to the historian of America William Robertson (1721–1793) (ᇄ Media Link #ab) just one year after the Ameri- can Declaration of Independence of 1776, these words of the philosopher Edmund Burke (1729–1797) (ᇄ Media Link #ac) expressed a European awareness of being in a privileged position to observe and understand the world's racial and cultural diversity.
  • Alexander Scott University of Wales Trinity St David the Missing Link

    Alexander Scott University of Wales Trinity St David the Missing Link

    1 Alexander Scott University of Wales Trinity St David The Missing Link between Science and Show Business: Exhibiting Gorillas and Chimpanzees in Victorian Liverpool Abstract Using the global port of Liverpool as its locus, this article examines interconnections between the exotic animal trade, the entertainment industry, empire, and scientific discourse in the second half of the nineteenth century. The article demonstrates that imperial trade brought a steady flow of exotic species to Victorian Liverpool, analysing various uses that specimens of two of these – gorillas and chimpanzees – were put to once in the city. Specifically, the article examines instances where gorillas and chimpanzees were exhibited in popular entertainments (circuses, menageries), and when they were used as objects of scientific inquiry and public education. A key emphasis is on Liverpool Museum, where primate specimens were integral to the organisation of its natural history and ethnological collections along evolutionary principles in the 1890s–1900s. The article’s key contention is that, whether displayed for study or amusement, there were similarities in how gorillas and chimpanzees tended to be exhibited. Claims that gorilla specimens heralded the discovery of the evolutionary ‘missing link’ recurred in Victorian-era show-business humbug and scholarly discourse alike – whilst individuals responsible for putting gorillas/chimpanzees on show in outwardly differing contexts shared personal and intellectual ties, a mutual classificatory language and a common dependency on colonial trading networks. Evidencing this, the article profiles William Cross, the proprietor of a Liverpool-based menagerie and animal-trading business which interacted with museum curators, academics and researchers in Liverpool and further afield.