A New Classification and Linear Sequence of Extant Gymnosperms
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Name in Thesis
ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการกระจายของขนาด การงอก และความอยู่รอดของต้นกล้า และไม้หนุ่มของพืชวงศ์โปโดคาร์เปชีอี ณ อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาใหญ่ ประเทศไทย นางสาวเจมิกา อัครเศรษฐนนท์ วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาตามหลักสูตรปริญญาวิทยาศาสตรดุษฎีบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาชีววิทยาสิ่งแวดล้อม มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี ปีการศึกษา 2557 FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE DISTRIBUTION, SEED GERMINATION, AND SEEDLING AND SAPLING SURVIVAL OF PODOCARPACEAE AT KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND Jemika Akkarasadthanon A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Biology Suranaree University of Technology Academic Year 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The grateful thanks and appreciation is given to my advisor, Dr. Paul J. Grote, for his consistent supervision, advice, encouragement, valuable suggestions, and support throughout my project. Special thanks are also extended to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nooduan Muangsan, Asst. Prof. Dr. Pongthep Suwanwaree, and Asst. Prof. Dr. Adcharaporn Pagdee for valuable suggestions and guidance given as thesis co- advisors. I would like to thank all my thesis committee members for their suggestions and criticisms. I am also grateful to all the faculty and staff members of the School of Biology and colleagues of the Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment Building 1, 2 and 3, Suranaree University of Technology for their help and support throughout the period of this research work. I wish to thank Mr. Kunchit Srinopawan, and staff from Khao Yai National Park for their kind suggestions and helping for data collection according to the permit note number 0907.4/5923 on 31 March 2014 by the Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation cited the National Research Council of Thailand 0002/1131 on 4 December 2013. I am grateful to Colin T. Strine and staff from Sakaerat Environmental Research Station for their helping me on data analysis. -
Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof. -
Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - an Update
Rastogi and Ohri . Silvae Genetica (2020) 69, 13 - 19 13 Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - An Update Shubhi Rastogi and Deepak Ohri Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Malhaur (Near Railway Station), P.O. Chinhat, Luc know-226028 (U.P.) * Corresponding author: Deepak Ohri, E mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract still some controversy with regard to a monophyletic or para- phyletic origin of the gymnosperms (Hill 2005). Recently they The present report is based on a cytological data base on 614 have been classified into four subclasses Cycadidae, Ginkgoi- (56.0 %) of the total 1104 recognized species and 82 (90.0 %) of dae, Gnetidae and Pinidae under the class Equisetopsida the 88 recognized genera of gymnosperms. Family Cycada- (Chase and Reveal 2009) comprising 12 families and 83 genera ceae and many genera of Zamiaceae show intrageneric unifor- (Christenhusz et al. 2011) and 88 genera with 1104 recognized mity of somatic numbers, the genus Zamia is represented by a species according to the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org). The range of number from 2n=16-28. Ginkgo, Welwitschia and Gen- validity of accepted name of each taxa and the total number of tum show 2n=24, 2n=42, and 2n=44 respectively. Ephedra species in each genus has been checked from the Plant List shows a range of polyploidy from 2x-8x based on n=7. The (www.theplantlist.org). The chromosome numbers of 688 taxa family Pinaceae as a whole shows 2n=24except for Pseudolarix arranged according to the recent classification (Christenhusz and Pseudotsuga with 2n=44 and 2n=26 respectively. -
Supplementary Material Local and Expert
10.1071/PC14920_AC CSIRO 2015 Pacific Conservation Biology 21 (3), 214-219 Supplementary material Local and expert knowledge improve conservation assessment of rare and iconic Fijian tree species Gunnar KeppelA,F, Alifereti NaikatiniB, Isaac A. RoundsC, Robert L. PresseyD, and Nunia T. ThomasE ASchool of Natural and Built Environments and Barbara Hardy Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. BSouth Pacific Regional Herbarium, University of the South Pacific CConservation International, Suva, Fiji DAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811 Australia. ENatureFiji-MareqetiViti, 14 Hamilton-Beattie Street, Suva, Fiji FCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Part 1: Overview of conservation status for each study species before this study. Acmopyle sahniana Buchholz & N.E. Gray (Podocarpaceae) is a rare conifer to 12 m tall, previously only reported from forested mountain ridges from central Viti Levu (Bush and Doyle 1997, Thomas 2013a). A detailed survey of the species recorded a total of 46 adult and 17 juvenile trees in 2 subpopulations (Bush 1997). A recent (2011) assessment reported another subpopulation near Fiji’s highest mountain, Mt. Tomanivi, and estimated the total size of that subpopulation at <100 mature individuals (Thomas 2013a). The species is listed as critically endangered (CR), based on small population size and low area of occupancy (<10 km2) (Thomas 2013a). Cynometra falcata A.Gray (Leguminosae) is reported as a slender tree to 4 m in height that until recently had only been known from two locations, one on Vanua Levu and another on Viti Levu (Smith 1985, WCMC 1998). -
Edition 2 from Forest to Fjaeldmark the Vegetation Communities Highland Treeless Vegetation
Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark The Vegetation Communities Highland treeless vegetation Richea scoparia Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark 1 Highland treeless vegetation Community (Code) Page Alpine coniferous heathland (HCH) 4 Cushion moorland (HCM) 6 Eastern alpine heathland (HHE) 8 Eastern alpine sedgeland (HSE) 10 Eastern alpine vegetation (undifferentiated) (HUE) 12 Western alpine heathland (HHW) 13 Western alpine sedgeland/herbland (HSW) 15 General description Rainforest and related scrub, Dry eucalypt forest and woodland, Scrub, heathland and coastal complexes. Highland treeless vegetation communities occur Likewise, some non-forest communities with wide within the alpine zone where the growth of trees is environmental amplitudes, such as wetlands, may be impeded by climatic factors. The altitude above found in alpine areas. which trees cannot survive varies between approximately 700 m in the south-west to over The boundaries between alpine vegetation communities are usually well defined, but 1 400 m in the north-east highlands; its exact location depends on a number of factors. In many communities may occur in a tight mosaic. In these parts of Tasmania the boundary is not well defined. situations, mapping community boundaries at Sometimes tree lines are inverted due to exposure 1:25 000 may not be feasible. This is particularly the or frost hollows. problem in the eastern highlands; the class Eastern alpine vegetation (undifferentiated) (HUE) is used in There are seven specific highland heathland, those areas where remote sensing does not provide sedgeland and moorland mapping communities, sufficient resolution. including one undifferentiated class. Other highland treeless vegetation such as grasslands, herbfields, A minor revision in 2017 added information on the grassy sedgelands and wetlands are described in occurrence of peatland pool complexes, and other sections. -
Cycad Leaf Physiology Research Needed 1 August 2017
Cycad leaf physiology research needed 1 August 2017 they contain close to 400 described species. Guiding principles are needed to improve the representation and relevance of these plants in contemporary research agendas. According to Marler, the addition of more descriptive research targeting cycad species is welcomed regardless of the approach. But the adherence to protocols that ensure species relevance would improve the outcomes. Since forest canopy traits define sunfleck qualities, the experimental protocols for studying sunfleck use by newly studied species should be defined from the natural habitats of each species. Moreover, the behavior of cultivated plants often differs from that Healthy juvenile plants of the endangered Cycas of plants in natural settings, and moving from the micronesica thrive in a deep understory habitat where current level of minimal knowledge to a level of they effectively utilize infrequent sunflecks. Credit: adequate knowledge may be reached most rapidly Thomas Marler by studying these plants within their native range rather than in botanic gardens. A phenomenon called context dependency is also pertinent to the needed expansion of cycad research. Do The living cycad species are among the world's environmental factors such as drought influence most threatened plant groups, but are also among how a cycad plant capitalizes on the ephemeral the world's least studied plant groups. The need for access to sunflecks? a greater understanding of basic physiology of cycads has been discussed for decades, yet to Attempts to link phylogenetic subsets of plants date the needed research is lacking. more closely to the broader global research agenda need to be accurate. -
Kosipe Revisited
Peat in the mountains of New Guinea G.S. Hope Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Peatlands are common in montane areas above 1,000 m in New Guinea and become extensive above 3,000 m in the subalpine zone. In the montane mires, swamp forests and grass or sedge fens predominate on swampy valley bottoms. These mires may be 4–8 m in depth and up to 30,000 years in age. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) there is about 2,250 km2 of montane peatland, and Papua Province (the Indonesian western half of the island) probably contains much more. Above 3,000 m, peat soils form under blanket bog on slopes as well as on valley floors. Vegetation types include cushion bog, grass bog and sedge fen. Typical peat depths are 0.5‒1 m on slopes, but valley floors and hollows contain up to 10 m of peat. The estimated total extent of mountain peatland is 14,800 km2 with 5,965 km2 in PNG and about 8,800 km2 in Papua Province. The stratigraphy, age structure and vegetation histories of 45 peatland or organic limnic sites above 750 m have been investigated since 1965. These record major vegetation shifts at 28,000, 17,000‒14,000 and 9,000 years ago and a variable history of human disturbance from 14,000 years ago with extensive clearance by the mid- Holocene at some sites. While montane peatlands were important agricultural centres in the Holocene, the introduction of new dryland crops has resulted in the abandonment of some peatlands in the last few centuries. -
The Cycad Newsletter
Manuscript for: The Cycad Newsletter Title: A rescue, propagation, and reintroduction program for one of the most endangered lineage of cycads, Chigua in Northwestern Colombia Authors: Cristina López-Gallego1 Norberto López Alvarez2 Authors affiliations: 1 Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia 2 Fundacion Biozoo, Córdoba, Colombia Correspondence author: Cristina López-Gallego E-mail: [email protected] Address: Kra. 75A #32A-26, Medellin, Colombia Phone: 574-238-6112 Chigua was first collected as an unicate by Francis Pennell in 1918. It was not until 1986 that a population conforming to Pennell's collection was relocated by the Colombian botanist Rodrigo Bernal. In 1990 Dennis Stevenson described two species of the new genus Chigua based on collections made by him, Knut Norstog, and the Colombian botanist Padre Sergio Restrepo in the only known locality for the two species in northwestern Colombia. By the time the next collections were made at the end of the 1990s (by Colombian botanists Alvaro Idárraga, Carlos A. Gutiérrez, Antonio Duque, and Cristina López-Gallego), the known population used for species descriptions had mostly disappeared because of habitat destruction and only a few scattered individuals were observed near the type locality. The two species of Chigua resemble some acaulous Zamia species, e.g. Zamia melanorrhachis D. Stev., in their overall morphology: a small subterraneous rhizome, few armed leaves with elliptic and papery toothed leaflets, and small cones with peltate unornamented sporophylls, and ovoid reddish seeds; but the presence of a central conspicuous vein distinguishes Chigua species from the rest of the Zamia lineage. The two species of Chigua can be separated by the shape of the mid-leaf leaflets, with C. -
Conifer Quarterly
Conifer Quarterly Vol. 24 No. 4 Fall 2007 Picea pungens ‘The Blues’ 2008 Collectors Conifer of the Year Full-size Selection Photo Credit: Courtesy of Stanley & Sons Nursery, Inc. CQ_FALL07_FINAL.qxp:CQ 10/16/07 1:45 PM Page 1 The Conifer Quarterly is the publication of the American Conifer Society Contents 6 Competitors for the Dwarf Alberta Spruce by Clark D. West 10 The Florida Torreya and the Atlanta Botanical Garden by David Ruland 16 A Journey to See Cathaya argyrophylla by William A. McNamara 19 A California Conifer Conundrum by Tim Thibault 24 Collectors Conifer of the Year 29 Paul Halladin Receives the ACS Annual Award of Merits 30 Maud Henne Receives the Marvin and Emelie Snyder Award of Merit 31 In Search of Abies nebrodensis by Daniel Luscombe 38 Watch Out for that Tree! by Bruce Appeldoorn 43 Andrew Pulte awarded 2007 ACS $1,000 Scholarship by Gerald P. Kral Conifer Society Voices 2 President’s Message 4 Editor’s Memo 8 ACS 2008 National Meeting 26 History of the American Conifer Society – Part One 34 2007 National Meeting 42 Letters to the Editor 44 Book Reviews 46 ACS Regional News Vol. 24 No. 4 CONIFER QUARTERLY 1 CQ_FALL07_FINAL.qxp:CQ 10/16/07 1:45 PM Page 2 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE Conifer s I start this letter, we are headed into Afall. In my years of gardening, this has been the most memorable year ever. It started Quarterly with an unusually warm February and March, followed by the record freeze in Fall 2007 Volume 24, No 4 April, and we just broke a record for the number of consecutive days in triple digits. -
Appendix 1. Systematic Arrangement of the Native Vascular Plants of Mexico
570 J.L. Villase˜nor / Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 559–902 Appendix 1. Systematic arrangement of the native vascular plants of Mexico. The number of the families corresponds to the linear arrangement proposed by APG III (2009), Chase and Reveal (2009), Christenhusz, Chun, et al. (2011), Christenhusz, Reveal, et al. (2011), Haston et al. (2009) and Wearn et al. (2013). In parentheses, the first number indicates the number of genera and the second the number of species recorded for the family in Mexico Ferns and Lycophytes Order Cyatheales 12. Taxaceae (1/1) 17. Culcitaceae (1/1) Angiosperms Lycophytes 18. Plagiogyriaceae (1/1) 19. Cibotiaceae (1/2) Superorder Nymphaeanae Subclass Lycopodiidae 20. Cyatheaceae (3/14) 21. Dicksoniaceae (2/2) Orden Nymphaeales Order Lycopodiales 22. Metaxyaceae (1/1) 3. Cabombaceae (2/2) 1. Lycopodiaceae (4/21) 4. Nymphaeaceae (2/12) Order Polypodiales Order Isoetales 23. Lonchitidaceae (1/1) Superorder Austrobaileyanae 2. Isoetaceae (1/7) 24. Saccolomataceae (1/2) 26. Lindsaeaceae (3/8) Order Selaginellalles Orden Austrobaileyales 27. Dennstaedtiaceae (4/23) 3. Selaginellaceae (1/79) 7. Schisandraceae (2/2) 28. Pteridaceae (33/214) 29. Cystopteridaceae (1/4) Pteridophytes Superorder Chloranthanae 30. Aspleniaceae (4/89) 31. Diplaziopsidaceae (1/1) Subclass Equisetidae Orden Chloranthales 32. Thelypteridaceae (1/70) 8. Chloranthaceae (1/1) 33. Woodsiaceae (1/8) Order Equisetales 35. Onocleaceae (1/1) 1. Equisetaceae (1/6) Superorder Magnolianae 36. Blechnaceae (2/20) 37. Athyriaceae (2/31) Subclass Ophioglossidae Orden Canellales 38. Hypodematiaceae (1/1) 9. Canellaceae (1/1) Order Ophioglossales 39. Dryopteridaceae 10. Winteraceae (1/1) 2. Ophioglossaceae (2/16) (14/159) 40. -
Plant Life of Western Australia
INTRODUCTION The characteristic features of the vegetation of Australia I. General Physiography At present the animals and plants of Australia are isolated from the rest of the world, except by way of the Torres Straits to New Guinea and southeast Asia. Even here adverse climatic conditions restrict or make it impossible for migration. Over a long period this isolation has meant that even what was common to the floras of the southern Asiatic Archipelago and Australia has become restricted to small areas. This resulted in an ever increasing divergence. As a consequence, Australia is a true island continent, with its own peculiar flora and fauna. As in southern Africa, Australia is largely an extensive plateau, although at a lower elevation. As in Africa too, the plateau increases gradually in height towards the east, culminating in a high ridge from which the land then drops steeply to a narrow coastal plain crossed by short rivers. On the west coast the plateau is only 00-00 m in height but there is usually an abrupt descent to the narrow coastal region. The plateau drops towards the center, and the major rivers flow into this depression. Fed from the high eastern margin of the plateau, these rivers run through low rainfall areas to the sea. While the tropical northern region is characterized by a wet summer and dry win- ter, the actual amount of rain is determined by additional factors. On the mountainous east coast the rainfall is high, while it diminishes with surprising rapidity towards the interior. Thus in New South Wales, the yearly rainfall at the edge of the plateau and the adjacent coast often reaches over 100 cm. -
Guidelines to Minimize the Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
United States Department of Eastern Hemlock Agriculture Forest Service Forests: Guidelines to Northeastern Area State & Private Minimize the Impacts of Forestry Morgantown, WV Hemlock Woolly Adelgid NA-TP-03-04 Cover photographs (clockwise from upper left): hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) ovisacs on hemlock needles (Michael Montgomery, USDA Forest Service), hemlock-shaded stream (Jeff Ward, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station), and black-throated green warbler (Mike Hopiak, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology). Information about pesticides appears in this publication. Publication of this information does not constitute endorsement or recommendation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does it imply that all uses discussed have been registered. Use of most pesticides is regulated by State and Federal law. Applicable regulations must be obtained from appropriate regulatory agencies. CAUTION: Pesticides can be injurious to humans, domestic animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife if not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides selectively and carefully. Follow recommended practices given on the label for use and disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities based on race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD).