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St. Andrew's Ambulance Association Experience at Ibrox and Hampden Parks

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St. Andrew's Ambulance Association Experience at Ibrox and Hampden Parks BrJ Sp Med 1991; 25(3) Public Provision Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.25.3.134 on 1 September 1991. Downloaded from St. Andrew's Ambulance Association experience at Ibrox and Hampden Parks R. Scott MD, FRCS(Glas), FRCS(Ed)1, N. Burns BEM2, G. McIlwraith AIM, AWeldI, MInstNDT2, Isobel Kirkwood MB ChB, FCAnaes1 and A. Petrie QPM, SBStJ1 1 Members of Council, St. Andrew's Ambulance Association 2 Nominated Officers Recent major accidents at football grounds have Those who volunteer to serve at football matches greatly increased government and public awareness may work in the first aid room - often staffed by lady of the potentially lethal environment of soccer members of the various corps companies or members grounds in the UK. In the final recommendations of of the home nursing sections of the associations. The the official report on the Hillsborough disaster it is majority of the support teams attend within the stated that regular liaison of the emergency services, ground. During the season and in the off-season, specifically police, fire and ambulance, at designated regular exercises are carried out by St. Andrew's sports grounds is extremely important. In his report', Ambulance Association in empty stadia, where Lord Taylor does not include the first aiders in this groups of first aiders practise a variety of techniques, particular context, but in a subsequent paragraph he including such tricky procedures as the removal of advocates the presence of first aiders at a rate of 1 per unconscious casualties from seats in the stands, or 1000 spectators (Recommendation 64). they learn how to deal with major accidents such as First aiders at football grounds are present on a crushing or staircase accidents - which Lord Taylor voluntary basis and are organized by their parent has pointed out are a continuing source of concern organizations, namely St. Andrew's Ambulance even in the most modern stadia. Association in Scotland, St. John Ambulance Associ- ation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and the British Red Cross in all four countries. It is the Ibrox and Hampden football stadia first aiders who initiate the primary medical response Glasgow has several large football stadia, including in the event of a major incident, as was clearly seen Ibrox Stadium, home of Glasgow Rangers Football http://bjsm.bmj.com/ on the television recordings of the Hillsborough Club, which met with favour from Lord Justice disaster. Taylor, and Hampden Park, the national ground. (When Hampden is not in use for major international matches it is used for second division games by Training and recruitment of first aid Queen's Park Football Club; these are not of concern personnel in this report.) Under the auspices of all three parent organizations Ibrox Stadium has been extensively modernized. on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. the first aiders undergo a series of lectures and With the exception of one small area (soon to be practical demonstrations by first aid instructors and removed) which allows approximately 5000 to stand, by members of the medical profession. After passing spectators are all seated. The average crowd at Ibrox the necessary examination at the end of the course, for Premier Division matches is in the order of 40 000 these lay persons are invited to become full members spectators. of a corps company or its equivalent where they are Hampden Park has a large stand on the south side taught procedures of transportation of casualties, of the ground which has a seating capacity of 10 000, a advanced techniques, and response of first aiders covered enclosure on the west terracing, and the rest acting in partnership with other emergency workers. of the ground consists of open terraces. The capacity In addition, they are required to update their first aid crowds are generated by 'national' matches, includ- certificates regularly to ensure that they are aware of ing cup semifinal, final and international matches. new equipment and that their knowledge is satisfac- Crowds for nine matches in 1988-1989 and 11 tory and current. matches in 1989-1990 varied between 7719 and 72 079. Most major matches at Hampden attract crowds of approximately 60 000. Address for correspondence: Dr R. Scott, Department of Urology St. Andrew's Ambulance is responsible for provid- and Male Infertility, Royal Infirmary, 16 Alexandra Parade, ing first aid at both of these venues and all casualties Glasgow G31 2ER, UK are logged by the 'nominated officer' who is © 1991 Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. responsible for the briefing, distribution and super- 0306-3674/91/030134-04 vision of the first aiders in attendance at each match. 134 Br J Sp Med 1991; 25(3) First aid at football grounds: R. Scott et al. incidents at Ibrox are Table 1. Known medical conditions, conditions of a non-traumatic As far as possible, minor dealt Br J Sports Med: first published as 10.1136/bjsm.25.3.134 on 1 September 1991. Downloaded from with at one of the corners of the ground to avoid nature or pre-existing conditions obstructing the spectators' view of the proceedings; at Hampden a considerable amount of treatment is Ibrox Hampden given on the large peripheral area of the playing surface. When necessary, casualties are transported 88-89 89-90 88-89 89-90 back to the first aid which is located under room, the High blood pressure 1 - - - original main stand at both grounds. Chest pain/angina - 1 - 3 A close liaison exists at both of these major venues Heart attacks 3 - - with the Scottish Ambulance Service, who are Hay fever - - 1 responsible for transportation of casualties to the Hyperventilation 1 - - Breathing difficulties 4 - - - nearest hospital when necessary. The Scottish Ambu- Faint 30 20 40 85 lance Service provides communication of its own, Collapse - 3 - - and a back-up emergency vehicle is on stand-by at Epileptic - 4 1 2 the ground. A recent innovation is the addition of a Black-out - 1 - - large tent which can and Double vision - 2 - - be rapidly inflated Diabetics 2 2 1 2 assembled on site. Its purpose is for a major disaster Nose bleed 4 4 - 7 where it is an identifiable casualty clearing station on Throat and mouth infection 1 - - 3 the playing surface. At Hampden, the first aiders on Anxiety - 6 - - the field have their own radio communication Asthmatic - 2 2 3 Hunger - 1 - - system; at Ibrox, an additional new system has been Headache - 1 2 4 organized. Toothache - 1 - - Both grounds have St. Andrew's Ambulance Pregnant women - - - 1 Association medical personnel who are responsible Abdominal pain 7 5 6 5 for the provision of support to the first aiders who Sting (insect) 1 4 - - Swollen eyes 1 - - - deal with problems among spectators. These medical Redress wounds 4 3 4 5 practitioners are in addition to the club doctor, the Conjunctivitis - 1 - - latter being responsible for the footballers and staff of Ingrowing toenail - 1 - - the club. Sudden illness - 2 Ulcer - 1 - 1 Boils - - 1 - Injuries at football matches Effects of heat - - - 3 The first aid year is documented for 12 months from Total 59 65 58 124 April. The first aid team dealt with 180 casualties at Ibrox in 1988-1989, and 148 in 1989-1990, totalling 328. In these 2 years, there were 440 injuries at and artificial ventilation by the first aiders before Hampden. The total number of casualties dealt with being passed to the ambulance services for transport by the first aiders at both grounds was 768. to the nearest hospital. Two of these patients were All casualties have been reviewed. For conve- dead on arrival and one recovered. The seven http://bjsm.bmj.com/ nience, they have been divided into six categories. diabetic patients had suffered hypoglycaemic attacks The terminology used to describe injuries is that of and were given sugar and sweet drinks which first aiders and not qualified medical personnel. To resulted in a rapid recovery without further complica- medical persons it may seem odd that a patient will tions. They were advised to contact their general attend a first aid post complaining of such trivia as a practitioners when they returned home. The four 'head bump', but the first aider has to respond to subjects with breathing difficulties were treated in the such complaints. It also has to be remembered that first aid room and returned to their homes. on September 24, 2021 by guest. Protected copyright. malingerers exist in football crowds, using an apparent injury as a means of changing their position Table 2. Subjects with suspected fractures or dislocations within the ground. Ibrox Hampden Group 1 - medical conditions 88-89 89-90 88-89 89-90 Included in this group are pre-existing medical conditions known to the patient or developing during Nose 1 1 2 1 the course were Jaw (D) - 1 - - of the game, which correctly Clavicle - - - 2 diagnosed by the first aiders at the ground (Table 1). Shoulder (D) - - - 1 As can be seen, the majority (175 of 306) suffered Arm - - - 1 from a simple faint. There were more serious Elbow - - - 2 conditions, including three with heart attacks, four Wrist 3 - - - with angina, seven with of Hand - 1 - 1 complications diabetes Finger (D) - 1 - - and 13 who had some impairment or distress related Leg - - 2 - to the respiratory tract (seven asthmatic, four non- Ankle 1 3 - - asthmatic breathing difficulties, one sore throat and Foot 1 - - - pyrexia, and one (?hysterical) hyperventilation). The Total 6 7 4 8 three patients who suffered a heart attack had cardiac arrests, and were given external chest compression D = Dislocation Br J Sp Med 1991; 25(3) 135 First aid at football grounds: R.
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