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Downloaded from the ACCORD As the “Saviours”, and Darfurians Negatively As Only Just the “Survivors”
CONTENTS EDITORIAL 2 by Vasu Gounden FEATURES 3 Paramilitary Groups and National Security: A Comparison Between Colombia and Sudan by Jerónimo Delgådo Caicedo 13 The Path to Economic and Political Emancipation in Sri Lanka by Muttukrishna Sarvananthan 23 Symbiosis of Peace and Development in Kashmir: An Imperative for Conflict Transformation by Debidatta Aurobinda Mahapatra 31 Conflict Induced Displacement: The Pandits of Kashmir by Seema Shekhawat 38 United Nations Presence in Haiti: Challenges of a Multidimensional Peacekeeping Mission by Eduarda Hamann 46 Resurgent Gorkhaland: Ethnic Identity and Autonomy by Anupma Kaushik BOOK 55 Saviours and Survivors: Darfur, Politics and the REVIEW War on Terror by Karanja Mbugua This special issue of Conflict Trends has sought to provide a platform for perspectives from the developing South. The idea emanates from ACCORD's mission to promote dialogue for the purpose of resolving conflicts and building peace. By introducing a few new contributors from Asia and Latin America, the editorial team endeavoured to foster a wider conversation on the way that conflict is evolving globally and to encourage dialogue among practitioners and academics beyond Africa. The contributions featured in this issue record unique, as well as common experiences, in conflict and conflict resolution. Finally, ACCORD would like to acknowledge the University of Uppsala's Department of Peace and Conflict Research (DPCR). Some of the contributors to this special issue are former participants in the department's Top-Level Seminars on Peace and Security, a Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) advanced international training programme. conflict trends I 1 EDITORIAL BY VASU GOUNDEN In the autumn of November 1989, a German continually construct walls in the name of security; colleague in Washington DC invited several of us walls that further divide us from each other so that we to an impromptu celebration to mark the collapse have even less opportunity to know, understand and of Germany’s Berlin Wall. -
Interim Report
INTERIM REPORT ON ELECTION-RELATED VIOLENCE: GENERAL ELECTION 2004 2ND APRIL 2004 Election Day Violations Figure 1 COMPARISON OF ELECTION DAY INCIDENTS: ELECTION DAY 2004 WITH A) POLLING DAY - PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 1999 B) POLLING DAY - GENERAL ELECTION 2001 General A Election B 2004 General Election 368 incidents 2004 (20%) 368 incidents (27%) Presidential Election 1999 General 973 incidents (73%) Election 2001 1473 (80%) Total number of incidents in both elections 1341 Total number of incidents in both elections 1841 2004 General Election Campaign Source: Centre for Monitoring Election Violence (CMEV) Releases and Reports are signed by the three Co-Convenors, Ms. Sunila Abeysekera, Mr Sunanda Deshapriya and Dr Paikiasothy Saravanamuttu. CMEV Monitors sign a pledge affirming their commitment to independent, non partisan monitoring and are trained before deployment. In addition to local Monitors at all levels, CMEV also deploys International Observers to work with its local Monitors in the INTERIM REPORT field, two weeks to ten days before polling day and on polling day. International Observers are recruited from international civil society organizations and have worked in the human rights and nd ELECTION DAY 2 APRIL 2004 development fields as practitioners, activists and academics. The Centre for Monitoring Election Violence (CMEV) was On Election Day, CMEV deployed 4347 Monitors including 25 formed in 1997 by the Centre for Policy Alternatives (CPA), the International Observers. CMEV monitored a total of 6,215 Free Media Movement (FMM) and the Coalition Against Political polling centres or 58.2% of the total of 10,670 polling centres. Violence as an independent non-partisan organization to monitor the incidence of election – related violence. -
Ruwanwella) Mrs
Lady Members First State Council (1931 - 1935) Mrs. Adline Molamure by-election (Ruwanwella) Mrs. Naysum Saravanamuttu by-election (Colombo North) (Mrs. Molamure was the first woman to be elected to the Legislature) Second State Council (1936 - 1947) Mrs. Naysum Saravanamuttu (Colombo North) First Parliament (House of Representatives) (1947 - 1952) Mrs. Florence Senanayake (Kiriella) Mrs. Kusumasiri Gunawardena by-election (Avissawella) Mrs. Tamara Kumari Illangaratne by-election (Kandy) Second Parliament (House of (1952 - 1956) Representatives) Mrs. Kusumasiri Gunawardena (Avissawella) Mrs. Doreen Wickremasinghe (Akuressa) Third Parliament (House of Representatives) (1956 - 1959) Mrs. Viviene Goonewardene (Colombo North) Mrs. Kusumasiri Gunawardena (Kiriella) Mrs. Vimala Wijewardene (Mirigama) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna by-election (Welimada) Lady Members Fourth Parliament (House of (March - April 1960) Representatives) Mrs. Wimala Kannangara (Galigomuwa) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna (Uva-Paranagama) Mrs. Soma Wickremanayake (Dehiowita) Fifth Parliament (House of Representatives) (July 1960 - 1964) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna (Uva-Paranagama) Mrs. Soma Wickremanayake (Dehiowita) Mrs. Viviene Goonewardene by-election (Borella) Sixth Parliament (House of Representatives) (1965 - 1970) Mrs. Sirima R. D. Bandaranaike (Attanagalla) Mrs. Sivagamie Obeyesekere (Mirigama) Mrs. Wimala Kannangara (Galigomuwa) Mrs. Kusuma Rajaratna (Uva-Paranagama) Mrs. Leticia Rajapakse by-election (Dodangaslanda) Mrs. Mallika Ratwatte by-election (Balangoda) Seventh Parliament (House of (1970 - 1972) / (1972 - 1977) Representatives) & First National State Assembly Mrs. Kusala Abhayavardhana (Borella) Mrs. Sirima R. D. Bandaranaike (Attanagalla) Mrs. Viviene Goonewardene (Dehiwala - Mt.Lavinia) Lady Members Mrs. Tamara Kumari Ilangaratne (Galagedera) Mrs. Sivagamie Obeyesekere (Mirigama) Mrs. Mallika Ratwatte (Balangoda) Second National State Assembly & First (1977 - 1978) / (1978 - 1989) Parliament of the D.S.R. of Sri Lanka Mrs. Sirima R. D. Bandaranaike (Attanagalla) Miss. -
From the Living Fountains of Buddhism
the INTRODUCTION to FROM THE LIVING FOUNTAINS OF BUDDHISM Sri Lankan Support to Pioneering Western Orientalists by ANANDA W. P. GURUGE originally published by The Ministry of Cultural Affairs Colombo 7, Sri Lanka cover photograph: Ven Hikkaḍuwe Śrī Sumaṅgala holding a class at Vidyodaya College circa 1900s 2 “We Europeans must, of course, stand in need of such help as we are so far from the living fountains of Buddhism and so scantily furnished with materials.” – Viggo Fausböll in his letter to Ven. Waskaḍuwe Subhūti Nāyaka Thera on 14th March 1877. 3 “The Western World discovered Pali, and the Buddhist scriptures barely a hundred years ago; Sri Lanka again provided the most material. It was George Turnour’s discovery and translation of the Mahā Vansa, in 1837, which helped scholars working in India to identify King Piyadassi of the inscriptions, which they were trying to decipher, with King Asoka of history. Subsequent advance was made comparatively easy. ‘Vincent Fausböll translated the Dhammapada in 1855 and Robert Caesar Childers, a member of the Ceylon Civil Service as was Turnour, published a Pali-English Dictionary in 1870. They were given considerable help by the Sinhalese Bhikkhus, especially Subhūti and Dhammarama. Dr. Rhys Davids, another member of the Ceylon Civil Service, founded the Pali Text Society in 1881, and with the help of his wife, gradually unveiled to the Western World, the unique and original literature contained in the Buddhist scriptures.” His Excellency J. R. Jayewardene – President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka: BUDDHIST ESSAYS (First Edition 1942) Fifth Revised Edition 1983: Chapter VI. -
ICRC Sri Lanka COVID-19 Response: 2020
ANNUAL ROUND-UP 2020 ICRC SRI LANKA COVID-19 RESPONSE MESSAGE FROM THE REGIONAL DIRECTOR In a year marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and its dire consequences for health care, economies and the well-being of populations around the world, I would like to share with you the contribution that the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) teams made in several critically affected countries in Asia and the Pacific during 2020. The efforts were aimed at supporting communities and the authorities in trying to prevent, control and manage the effects of COVID-19 on the most vulnerable. Though we have stepped into 2021, the pandemic is far from over. With the second and third waves striking many nations across the world, countries continue to rely on restrictive measures and lockdowns to mitigate the effects of the pandemic. As I write this, more than two million people have lost their lives to COVID-19 worldwide and the confirmed cases have surpassed 97 million. Of these, 14.5 million confirmed cases and more than 228,000 deaths have been reported from Asia and the Pacific. At the same time, there is a glimmer of hope in the vaccination campaigns that have unrolled in many countries. We are advocating to ensure that people affected by conflict and violence, who might otherwise be forced to the back of the queue, have an equitable access to the vaccine. Similarly, other marginalized communities like the internally displaced people, migrants, asylum seekers and detainees must be taken along in this journey towards immunization. The ICRC, together with our National Red Cross and Red Crescent Society partners, is ready to support national vaccination campaigns and facilitate access to the COVID-19 vaccine for those in difficult-to-reach vulnerable and marginalised populations in countries affected by armed conflict and violence. -
CHAPTER 4 Perspective of the Colombo Metropolitan Area 4.1 Identification of the Colombo Metropolitan Area
Urban Transport System Development Project for Colombo Metropolitan Region and Suburbs CoMTrans UrbanTransport Master Plan Final Report CHAPTER 4 Perspective of the Colombo Metropolitan Area 4.1 Identification of the Colombo Metropolitan Area 4.1.1 Definition The Western Province is the most developed province in Sri Lanka and is where the administrative functions and economic activities are concentrated. At the same time, forestry and agricultural lands still remain, mainly in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the province. And also, there are some local urban centres which are less dependent on Colombo. These areas have less relation with the centre of Colombo. The Colombo Metropolitan Area is defined in order to analyse and assess future transport demands and formulate a master plan. For this purpose, Colombo Metropolitan Area is defined by: A) areas that are already urbanised and those to be urbanised by 2035, and B) areas that are dependent on Colombo. In an urbanised area, urban activities, which are mainly commercial and business activities, are active and it is assumed that demand for transport is high. People living in areas dependent on Colombo area assumed to travel to Colombo by some transport measures. 4.1.2 Factors to Consider for Future Urban Structures In order to identify the CMA, the following factors are considered. These factors will also define the urban structure, which is described in Section 4.3. An effective transport network will be proposed based on the urban structure as well as the traffic demand. At the same time, the new transport network proposed will affect the urban structure and lead to urban development. -
CHAP 9 Sri Lanka
79o 00' 79o 30' 80o 00' 80o 30' 81o 00' 81o 30' 82o 00' Kankesanturai Point Pedro A I Karaitivu I. Jana D Peninsula N Kayts Jana SRI LANKA I Palk Strait National capital Ja na Elephant Pass Punkudutivu I. Lag Provincial capital oon Devipattinam Delft I. Town, village Palk Bay Kilinochchi Provincial boundary - Puthukkudiyiruppu Nanthi Kadal Main road Rameswaram Iranaitivu Is. Mullaittivu Secondary road Pamban I. Ferry Vellankulam Dhanushkodi Talaimannar Manjulam Nayaru Lagoon Railroad A da m' Airport s Bridge NORTHERN Nedunkeni 9o 00' Kokkilai Lagoon Mannar I. Mannar Puliyankulam Pulmoddai Madhu Road Bay of Bengal Gulf of Mannar Silavatturai Vavuniya Nilaveli Pankulam Kebitigollewa Trincomalee Horuwupotana r Bay Medawachchiya diya A d o o o 8 30' ru 8 30' v K i A Karaitivu I. ru Hamillewa n a Mutur Y Pomparippu Anuradhapura Kantalai n o NORTH CENTRAL Kalpitiya o g Maragahewa a Kathiraveli L Kal m a Oy a a l a t t Puttalam Kekirawa Habarane u 8o 00' P Galgamuwa 8o 00' NORTH Polonnaruwa Dambula Valachchenai Anamaduwa a y O Mundal Maho a Chenkaladi Lake r u WESTERN d Batticaloa Naula a M uru ed D Ganewatta a EASTERN g n Madura Oya a G Reservoir Chilaw i l Maha Oya o Kurunegala e o 7 30' w 7 30' Matale a Paddiruppu h Kuliyapitiya a CENTRAL M Kehelula Kalmunai Pannala Kandy Mahiyangana Uhana Randenigale ya Amparai a O a Mah Reservoir y Negombo Kegalla O Gal Tirrukkovil Negombo Victoria Falls Reservoir Bibile Senanayake Lagoon Gampaha Samudra Ja-Ela o a Nuwara Badulla o 7 00' ng 7 00' Kelan a Avissawella Eliya Colombo i G Sri Jayewardenepura -
Membership Register MBR0009
LIONS CLUBS INTERNATIONAL CLUB MEMBERSHIP REGISTER SUMMARY THE CLUBS AND MEMBERSHIP FIGURES REFLECT CHANGES AS OF JUNE 2020 CLUB CLUB LAST MMR FCL YR MEMBERSHI P CHANGES TOTAL DIST IDENT NBR CLUB NAME COUNTRY STATUS RPT DATE OB NEW RENST TRANS DROPS NETCG MEMBERS 3856 025584 BORELLA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 03-2020 26 1 0 0 -4 -3 23 3856 025597 KANDANA JAELA L C REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 49 1 0 0 -5 -4 45 3856 025600 KURUNEGALA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 05-2020 50 3 1 0 -2 2 52 3856 029171 ANURADHAPURA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 30 1 1 0 -6 -4 26 3856 030993 KELANIYA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 67 6 0 0 -11 -5 62 3856 032143 RAGAMA WELISARA L C REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 05-2020 25 3 0 0 0 3 28 3856 032755 GRANDPASS REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 34 0 0 0 -7 -7 27 3856 032834 KELANI VALLEY REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 25 0 0 0 -6 -6 19 3856 034781 BIYAGAMA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 44 0 0 0 -1 -1 43 3856 040381 COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 21 1 0 0 0 1 22 3856 041218 COLOMBO CITY REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 32 4 0 0 -1 3 35 3856 045198 AVISSAWELLA SEETHAWAKE REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 17 0 0 0 -2 -2 15 3856 045308 COLOMBO ORIENT REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 05-2020 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 3856 046089 COLOMBO KHETTARAMA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 11 0 0 0 -2 -2 9 3856 046090 GAMPAHA METRO REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 44 0 1 0 -5 -4 40 3856 046091 KULIYAPITIYA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 34 1 0 0 -2 -1 33 3856 046196 KADAWATHA REP OF SRI LANKA 306 B2 4 06-2020 -
The Ceylon Government Gazette
THE CEYLON GOVERNMENT GAZETTE No. 9,425—FRIDAY, JUNE 29, 1945. Pabllahcd fey Author!t). PART m .—LANDS. (Separate paging it given to each Part in order that it mag be filed separately.) \ pass- PAGE Land Sales by the Settlement Officer- Land Settlement Notices:— Western Province Preliminary Notices . Central Province' .. Pinal Orders Southern Province Land Sales by the Government Agents Northern Province Western Province Eastern Province North-Western Province Central Province North-Central Province Southern Province Province ofTJva Northern Province Province of Sabaragamuwa Eastern Province Land Acquisition Notices i 119 North-Western Province Land Resumption Notices North-Central Province Nottoes under the Land Development Ordinance Province o f TJva Miscellaneous Land Notices Province o f Sabaragamnwa Lands under Peasant Proprietor Scheme LAND . ACQUISITION NOTIONS. L P 5786. HAVING been duly directed by the Executive Committee of Local Administration, acting under the provisions of “ The Land Acquisition Ordinance (Cap. 203) ” , section 5, to take order for the acquisition of the following lands, required for a public purpose, namely, acquisition of land for Karajjapitiya Drainage Scheme, Galle District, to w it:— Preliminary plan No. A 848. Villages—Egodamulla and Hegalla. Extent. Lot. Name of Land. Description. Name of Claimant. A. B. p. 2 Rallewatta Coconut garden contains 4 R . de Silva, Proctor, Ambalangoda, Nallakanda Saudandas o f 0 0 21-9C. coconut trees 50 years and Nawalakanda estate, Elpitiya, and N. Piyadasa de Silva of 14 coconut trees 20 years Galwehera, Kosgoda , - old 3 Natugewatta Coconut garden contains 41 C. R. de Silva, Proctor, Ambalangoda, M. G. de S. Amarasekara of 0 1 II '2, coconut trees 20 years, 3 Ahungala, Kosgoda, Dewarakanda Alwis de’ Silva of Egoda coconut trees 40 years arid mulla, Kosgoda, Nallakanda Saudandas of Nawalakanda 1 breadfruit tree 40 years estate, Elpitiya, N. -
Urban Transport System Development Project for Colombo Metropolitan Region and Suburbs
DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY EI ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 14-142 DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS URBAN TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN FINAL REPORT TECHNICAL REPORTS AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis of Current Public Transport AUGUST 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT FOR COLOMBO METROPOLITAN REGION AND SUBURBS Technical Report No. 1 Analysis on Current Public Transport TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Railways ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 History of Railways in Sri Lanka .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Railway Lines in Western Province .............................................................................................. 5 1.3 Train Operation ............................................................................................................................ -
Sri Lanka for the Clean Energy and Access Improvement Project
Sustainable Power Sector Support Project (RRP SRI 39415) Detailed Description of Project Components A. Transmission system strengthening 1. This component will contribute to a reliable, adequate and affordable power supply for sustainable economic growth and poverty reduction in Eastern, North Central, Southern and Uva provinces. The strengthened transmission system will alleviate existing sub- standard voltage conditions in Ampara district of the Eastern Province and provide increased load capacity in the Eastern, North Central, Southern and Uva provinces leading to improved efficiency and reliability in power supply. The component includes the following sub-projects: (i) New Galle Power Transmission Development: Construction of New Galle 3 x 31.5 megavolt ampere (MVA) 132/33 kilovolt (kV) grid substation and Ambalangoda-to- New Galle 40 kilometers (km) double circuit 132 kV transmission line: T1a: New 3 x 31.5 MVA 132/33 kV New Galle Grid Substation Construction of a new grid substation at Galle comprising: 132 kV double busbar switchyard with: o 4 feeder bays o 1 static VAR compensator bay +10 megavolt ampere reactive (MVAr) to - 20 MVAr for voltage support o 3 transformer bays o 1 bus-coupler bay o 3 x 31.5 MVA transformers 33 kV switchyard with: o 3 transformer bays o 2 bus-section bays o 10 feeder bays o 2 generator bays o 6 capacitor bays with total of 30 MVA capacitors for loss reduction Control room and all associated communications, protection and control. This substation is located adjacent to the existing Galle 132/33 kV substation, which is old and cannot be extended further. -
Dress Fashions of Royalty Kotte Kingdom of Sri Lanka
DRESS FASHIONS OF ROYALTY KOTTE KINGDOM OF SRI LANKA . DRESS FASHIONS OF ROYALTY KOTTE KINGDOM OF SRI LANKA Dr. Priyanka Virajini Medagedara Karunaratne S. Godage & Brothers (Pvt) Ltd. Dedication First Edition : 2017 For Vidyajothi Emeritus Professor Nimal De Silva DRESS FASHIONS OF ROYALTY KOTTE KingDOM OF SRI LANKA Eminent scholar and ideal Guru © Dr. Priyanka Virajini Medagedara Karunaratne ISBN 978-955-30- Cover Design by: S. Godage & Brothers (Pvt) Ltd Page setting by: Nisha Weerasuriya Published by: S. Godage & Brothers (Pvt) Ltd. 661/665/675, P. de S. Kularatne Mawatha, Colombo 10, Sri Lanka. Printed by: Chathura Printers 69, Kumaradasa Place, Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka. Foreword This collection of writings provides an intensive reading of dress fashions of royalty which intensified Portuguese political power over the Kingdom of Kotte. The royalties were at the top in the social strata eventually known to be the fashion creators of society. Their engagement in creating and practicing dress fashion prevailed from time immemorial. The author builds a sound dialogue within six chapters’ covering most areas of dress fashion by incorporating valid recorded historical data, variety of recorded visual formats cross checking each other, clarifying how the period signifies a turning point in the fashion history of Sri Lanka culminating with emerging novel dress features. This scholarly work is very much vital for university academia and fellow researches in the stream of Humanities and Social Sciences interested in historical dress fashions and usage of jewelry. Furthermore, the content leads the reader into a new perspective on the subject through a sound dialogue which has been narrated through validated recorded historical data, recorded historical visual information, and logical analysis with reference to scholars of the subject area.