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Universidade De Passo Fundo UNIVERSIDADE DE PASSO FUNDO Felipe Cittolin Abal VISITANTES INDESEJADOS: OS PEDIDOS DE EXTRADIÇÃO DE FRANZ STANGL E GUSTAV WAGNER EM UMA ANÁLISE HISTÓRICO JURÍDICA Passo Fundo 2012 Visitantes indesejados: os pedidos de extradição de Franz Stangl e Gustav Wagner em uma análise histórico jurídica Felipe Cittolin Abal Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em História, do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de Passo Fundo como requisito parcial e final para obtenção do grau de mestre em História sob a orientação da Profª Drª Janaina Rigo Santin. Passo Fundo 2012 Dedico o presente trabalho à memória de todos aqueles que não sobreviveram aos horrores do holocausto. Que a lembrança deles nunca pereça. Agradeço, em primeiro lugar, à minha mãe, pelo apoio e amor dados para que eu pudesse realizar este trabalho. À minha orientadora, Dra. Janaína Rigo Santin, e co-orientador, Eduardo Munhoz Svartman, pelos inestimáveis conhecimentos transmitidos e paciência durante a orientação. Aos que contribuíram diretamente para esta pesquisa e sem os quais o presente trabalho não poderia ser realizado: o autor Richard Rashke, os sobreviventes Regina Zielinski, Philip Bialowitz e Morris Klein, o jornalista Mário Chimanovitch e as equipes do United States Holocaust Memorial Museum e da Biblioteca Nacional. Ao Grande Arquiteto do Universo, sempre presente. O Anjo da História se movimenta com as costas voltadas para o futuro e com os olhos postos no passado (...) O que o mantém em movimento é o desgosto e a repulsa pelo que vê: os visíveis horrores do passado e não a atração de um futuro que ele não pode ver com clareza nem apreciar de forma plena. Zygmunt Bauman RESUMO O presente trabalho se foca no estudo acerca de dois criminosos nazistas encontrados no Brasil: Franz Stangl e Gustav Wagner, com o anseio de pesquisar quem eram estes nazistas, quais crimes cometeram e como chegaram ao Brasil, além de analisar os processos de extradição realizados contra eles e de que forma a descoberta destes nazistas no país e os resultados dos processos de extradição impactaram na imprensa do sudeste. Stangl foi Comandante dos campos de extermínio de Sobibor e Treblinka, além de ter trabalhado anteriormente no Instituto de eutanásia de Hartheim, sendo que, desta forma, participou ativamente do assassinato de milhares de pessoas, em especial judeus. Wagner, que também havia laborado em Hartheim, foi sub-comandante do campo de extermínio de Sobibor, sendo conhecido por sua crueldade e tendo assassinado pessoalmente dezenas de pessoas de origem hebraica. Ambos, após o fim da guerra, fugiram da Europa com auxílio de membros da igreja católica e, após um período na Ásia Ocidental, acabaram por se refugiar no Brasil. Stangl foi encontrado no país em 1967 e sofreu pedidos de extradição da República Federal da Alemanha, Áustria e Polônia, sendo que, após o julgamento destes pedidos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, o nazista foi entregue à Alemanha. Wagner foi encontrado no Brasil onze anos depois e também teve sua extradição solicitada pelos governos da República Federal da Alemanha, Áustria, Polônia e Israel. O entendimento do Supremo Tribunal Federal no caso Wagner, porém, foi diferente, sendo que a extradição do nazista foi negada. A pesquisa se concentrou, em um primeiro momento, na análise de ambos os sujeitos e seus crimes, assim como os locais onde cometeram os delitos de que foram acusados para, posteriormente, abordar como os nazistas foram encontrados no Brasil e o impacto destes fatos nos jornais do sudeste. No último momento do trabalho, passou-se a estudar o tratamento dado ao instituto da extradição no ordenamento pátrio vigente à época dos julgamentos, os processos em si e seus resultados, finalizando com uma análise acerca da repercussão do resultado dos julgamentos nos jornais de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro. Para a realização da pesquisa foi utilizada bibliografia específica, entrevistas realizadas com sobreviventes dos campos de extermínio de Treblinka e Sobibor, os processos de extradição na íntegra e jornais da época. Estas etapas foram realizadas para buscar subsídios para se responder o problema principal da pesquisa: Quais foram os motivos jurídicos que embasaram os resultados diferentes nos dois julgamentos naquele momento histórico, diante da aparente equidade dos casos? Chegou-se, então, à conclusão de que isto ocorreu em virtude da análise estritamente legalista realizada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal do caso Wagner, em detrimento das normas internacionais de repressão aos criminosos que participaram de genocídio e da própria justiça. Palavras-chave: Extradição, Imprensa, Nazistas no Brasil. ABSTRACT This work focuses on the study about two Nazi criminals found in Brazil: Franz Stangl and Gustav Wagner, with the will to research who this Nazis were, which crimes they commited e how they arrived in Brazil, besides analyzing the extradition processes against them and in what way impacted on the press of the southeast region of Brazil the discovery of this Nazis in Brazil and the results of the extradition processes. Stangl was Commander of Sobibor and Treblinka death camps, and also worked in the euthanasia institute of Hartheim, and participated actively on the murder of thousands of persons, specially Jews. Wagner, that also had worked in Hartheim, was second in charge on Sobibor death camp, being known for his cruelty and having assassinated personally dozens of persons of Hebrew origin. Both, after the war, escaped from Europe with the aid of members of the catholic church and, after a period in East Asia, they fleed to Brazil. Stangl was found in the country in 1967 and suffered extradition requests from the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, and Poland, and, after the trial of this requests by the Brazilian Supreme Court, the Nazi was turned over to Germany. Wagner was found in Brazil eleven years after and also had his extradition requested by the Federal Republic of Germany, Austria, Poland and Israel. The understanding of the Brazilian Supreme Court on the Wagner case, however, was different, being that the extradition of the Nazi was denied. The research concentrated, in a first moment, in analyzing both the subjects and their crimes, as well as the places where they committed the felonies that they were charged to, after, describe how the Nazis were found in Brazil and the impact of these facts in the newspapers from the southeast region of Brazil, being able to, at this moment, start to study the treatment given to the institute of extradition on the Brazilian laws of the time of the judgments, the processes and their results, ending with an analysis about the repercussion of the results of the trials in the newspapers from São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro. In the execution of the research were utilized specific bibliography, interviews with survivors from Sobibor and Treblinka death camps, the extradition processes and newspapers of the time. This steps were made to solve the main problem of the research: What were the legal reasons that based the different results on both trials on that historical moment in front of the apparent equality of the cases? It came to the conclusion that this happened because of the strictly legalist analysis made by the Brazilian Supreme Court in the Wagner case, despite the international laws against criminals that participated in genocide and justice itself. Key Words: Extradition. Nazis in Brazil. Press. LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS A.C.: Antes de Cristo Art.: Artigo DEOPS: Departamento Estadual de Ordem Política e Social DL: Decreto-lei DOPS: Departamento de Ordem Política e Social Ext: Extradição ONU: Organização das Nações Unidas SS: Schutzstaffel STF: Supremo Tribunal Federal SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO.........................................................................................................................9 1 O PALCO E OS CRIMINOSOS........................................................................................19 1.1 A solução final....................................................................................................................20 1.2 A Operação Reinhard..........................................................................................................27 1.3 Os criminosos......................................................................................................................47 2 CAPTURA E EXTRADIÇÃO............................................................................................68 2.1 Descoberta e captura de Franz Stangl.................................................................................68 2.2 Descoberta e captura de Gustav Wagner............................................................................75 2.3 Repercussão da descoberta e captura dos nazistas na imprensa escrita do sudeste.......................................................................................................................................82 3 OS PROCESSO DE EXTRADIÇÃO...............................................................................107 3.1 Supremo Tribunal Federal: processos de extradição e composição no momento do julgamento...............................................................................................................................107 3.2 Uma breve análise jurídica da extradição e princípios penais aplicáveis aos casos........................................................................................................................................112 3.3 Os pedidos de extradição
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