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08 Emerging Democracy Index161 7/7/05, 12:47 PM 162 INDONESIAN ELECTORAL BEHAVIOUR

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08 Emerging Democracy Index161 7/7/05, 12:47 PM 162 INDONESIAN ELECTORAL BEHAVIOUR INDEX 161 Index 1999 elections Amien Rais, 12, 13, 53, 68 electoral divisions, 39 popularity, 69 major or medium parties, 13 Amien Rais-Siswono Yudo results for DPR, 14 Husodo, 72 significance of results, 10 votes garnered during winning parties, 41 elections, 76–78 2004 elections, 6 Australian Parliamentary observers, attracting, 6 Observer Delegation, 19 parties competing, profiles of, 16, 17 Bali, 43, 47, 51 regional variations, 7 Bangka-Belitung, 43, 105 results, 20 Batak Protestant Parish (HKBP), results for DPR, 22 50 significance, 121–23 Bengkulu, 51 voter dissatisfaction Bilangan Pembagi Pemilihan articulated, 34 (BPP) winning parties, 15, 18–23, 41 number of votes for one seat, 28 Abdullah Badawi, 121 Outer Islands, for, 29 Abdurrachman Saleh, 132 Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur), Central Java, 47, 52, 79, 105 11, 12, 48, 122, 125 Central Sulawesi, 104 support for Wiranto, 79 Chinese community, 49 administrative fragmentation, 39 support for Megawati, 110 Agum Gumelar, 73 Christians, 25, 50 Agung Laksono, 33 corruption Akabri, 124 combating, 24, 132 Akbar Tanjung, 68 cultural pluralism Ambon, 61 advocated by PD, 24 161 08 Emerging Democracy Index161 7/7/05, 12:47 PM 162 INDONESIAN ELECTORAL BEHAVIOUR democracy Gus Dur, see Abdurrahman peaceful transition, 8 Wahid strengthening, 135 Habibie, B.J., 3, 4, 12, 122 East Java, 51 Hamza Haz, 12 election method Hamza Haz-Agum Gumelar, 73 addressing uneven population votes garnered during distribution, 27, 28 elections, 74, 76 election results Hasyim Muzadi, 71 disputing, 32 Hidayat Nur Wahid, 24, 33, 133 elections Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam 2004, see 2004 elections (HMI), 3 controlled, 2, 3 House of Representatives (DPR), 5 democratic, 4 education level of members, 32 free, 1 members from various parties, presidential system, 1 137–47 electoral behaviour, 7 reserved seats for military, 5 electoral district swearing in of members, 32 value of seat, 30, 31 women members, Endin Sofihara, 33 European Union Election Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Observer Mission, 19 (IPKI), 2 independence General Elections Commission, declaration, 1 see Komisi Pemilihan Indonesian Armed Forces, 2 Umum (KPU) Institute of the Indonesian Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Islamic Intellectuals (ICMI), Indonesia (GMNI), 11 12 Ginandjar Kartasasmita, 33 International Foundation for Golkar, 2 Election Systems (IFES) members of House of background of supporters for Representatives, 137–39 presidential candidates, performance in 2004 112, 114 elections, 40, 43, 46, 65 popularity of presidential presidential candidate, 71 candidates, 67, 102 Soeharto controlled party, 3 presidential election fair and splits within, 26 honest, 122 Golput (Golongan Putih), 19 survey on awareness of voting Gorontolo, 48, 56 procedures, 100 Guided Democracy, 1, 2 tracking surveys, 15, 18, 36 08 Emerging Democracy Index162 7/7/05, 12:47 PM INDEX 163 Ir Nur Mahmud Ismail, 13 preference for, 99 Islamic nationalists, 2 votes garnered during first Islamic parties, 10 round, 85, 86 military Jakarta, 53, 56, 58 reserved seats for, 5 Jambi, 53 ministers Java, 43, 50, 57 signing political contract, 131 political party landscape, 65 Ministry of Justice and Human Jusuf Kalla, 73, 134 Rights, 4, 5, 15 Muhammadiyah, 12 Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU), Muslim voters 5, 15 keen competition for support, Kristiani Herawati, 23, 124 110 Lampung, 49 Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), 2, 11, 48 Law on Elections of President Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, 43, and Vice President, 70 48, 51, 53, 64, 78 Lee Hsien Loong, 121 national assembly (MPR), 5 Lembaga Survey Indonesia (LSI) election of leaders, 33 popularity of presidential National Coalition, 23, 33, 34 candidates, 102 poor performance during support for presidential presidential election, 106 candidates, 113 National Development Planning Agency, 128 Majelis Syuro Muslimin nepotism, 24 Indonesia (Masyumi), 1 New Order regime, 3 Maluku, 51 end of, 3 Matori Abdul Djalil, 12, 27 general elections, 9 Megawati Soekarnoputri, 10, 11, non-governmental organisations 68 (NGOs) dissatisfaction with, 127 leaders may contest, 6 popularity, 68 North Maluku, 48, 51, 52, 59, reasons for losing presidential 61, 104 election, 90, 91 North Sulawesi, 50, 57, 60 Megawati Soekarnoputri-Hasyim North Sumatra, 61, 105 Muzadi, 71, 115 cooperatives and SMEs, stress Outer Islands, , 57 on, 117 percentage of voters for PBB, programmes and promises, 55 117 quota for, 29 08 Emerging Democracy Index163 7/7/05, 12:47 PM 164 INDONESIAN ELECTORAL BEHAVIOUR Pancasila Democracy Period, 1 presidential candidate, 72 Pancasila parties, 2, 10 support for presidential Papua, 53, 104 candidate, 87 parliamentary elections, 5 Partai Indonesia (Partindo), 2 results by province, 150–52 Partai Katolik, 2 seats allocation, 44, 45 Partai Keadilan, 13 votes composition by party Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), and province, 153–56 23, 24 parliamentary seats members of House of allocation, 28–32 Representatives, 146 Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN), 12 rising popularity, 23, 35, 58, 59 failing to broaden support, 35 Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan internal split, 27 Indonesia (PKPI), 63 members of House of Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa Representatives, 144 (PKB), 11, 12, 27 performance in 2004 failure to broaden support, 35, elections, 52–54, 65 48–51 presidential candidate, 72 members of House of Partai Bintang Reformasi (PBR) Representative, 145 Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB), 13, Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI), 54–56 2 Partai Damai Sejahtera (PDS), 25 Partai Kristen Indonesia Christians, 60 (Parkindo), 2 Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PDI), 3 (PPP), 3, 12 Partai Demokrasi Indonesia- members of House of Perjuangan (PDI-P), 10, 11 Representatives, 142 declining support, 46–48, 65 performance in 2004 members of House of elections, 51 Representatives, 140, 141 presidential candidates, 73 participation in 1999 splits within, 26, 27 elections, 11 Partai Nasional Indonesia (PNI), presidential candidate, 71 1, 2 setback, 35 Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia splits within, 25, 26 (PSII), 2 votes by province, 46 parties Partai Demokrat (PD), 18, 19, 23 political, see political parties emerging party, 56, 57 pemekaran, 39 growing popularity, 35 People’s Coalition, 33, 34 members of House of presidential election victory, Representatives, 143 108 08 Emerging Democracy Index164 7/7/05, 12:47 PM INDEX 165 political culture Reformasi Period, 1 state of, 122 regional autonomy political elites laws, 36 war among, 134 regional representatives council political parties (DPD), 5 clusters, 2 election of speaker, 33 lesser numbers claiming Islam members, 148, 149 as ideological basis, 21 Riau Archipelago, 53, 59, 62 restriction on formation abolished, 9 secular nationalists, 2 splits within major, 25 Sekber Golkar, 2 political system Siswono Yudo Husodo, 72 change, 123 Soeharto, population distribution controlled elections, 2, 3 uneven, 27, 28 overthrow, 1 Post-Soeharto Period, 1, 6 Soekarno presidential candidates, 70 Guided Democracy, 2 background of supporters, South Kalimantan, 59 111, 112 South Sumatra, 49, 57 criteria, 115 statistics on elections, 6 popularity, 68, 101, 102 Sulawesi number of votes, 98 Golkar’s performance, 43 sources of support, 75 Sumatra, 43 support by party voters, 109 presidential elections, 5 Thai Rak Thai party candidates, popularity of, 7, inspiration for PD, 23 67–70 tsunami disaster, 132 first direct, 6, 15 first round votes, 80–83 personality v policy, 114–18 “United Indonesia Cabinet”, policy issues, 116 128–32 proven track record v change, urban dwellers 97–102 appealing to, 24 results, 107 second round voting, 100 voters sources of support for eligible, 93, 101 candidates, 75 independence, 93 provincial parliaments (DPRDS), 5 voting change in way of casting, 15 quota second round for presidential number of votes for seats, 28 elections, 100 08 Emerging Democracy Index165 7/7/05, 12:47 PM 166 INDONESIAN ELECTORAL BEHAVIOUR West Irian Jaya, 51, 104 reasons for winning West Java, 52, 59 presidential election, 92 West Nusa Tenggara, 55, 104 Yudhoyono-Kalla team, 7, 72, 73 West Sumatra, 48, 53, 59, 78 achievements, 132, 133 Wiranto, 68 macroeconomics, concern Wiranto-Solahuddin Wahid, 71 with, 117 votes garnered during performance in both rounds, elections, 78, 79, 84, 98 101–05 preference for, 99 Yogyakarta, 47, 53 pro-business and pro-market Yudhoyono, Susilo Bambang, cabinet, 132 19, 23, 49, 68, 123 programmes and promises, dismissal by Gus Dur, 125, 126 117 family background, 124 votes garnered during first military background, 124 round, 86, 89 popularity, 69 Yusril Ihza Mahendra, 13, 55, 68 08 Emerging Democracy Index166 7/7/05, 12:47 PM.
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