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The Carter Center 2004 Indonesia Election Report

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The Carter Center 2004 Indonesia Election Report SPECIAL REPORT SERIES The Carter Center 2004 Indonesia Election Report Waging Peace. Fighting Disease. Building Hope. THE CARTER CENTER STRIVES TO RELIEVE SUFFERING BY ADVANCING PEACE AND HEALTH WORLDWIDE; IT SEEKS TO PREVENT AND RESOLVE CONFLICTS, ENHANCE FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY, AND PROTECT AND PROMOTE HUMAN RIGHTS WORLDWIDE. THE CARTER CENTER 2004 INDONESIA ELECTION REPORT ONE COPENHILL 453 FREEDOM PARKWAY ATLANTA, GA 30307 404-420-5188 FAX 404-420-5196 WWW.CARTERCENTER.ORG JUNE 2005 THE CARTER CENTER THE CARTER CENTER 2004 INDONESIA ELECTION REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS Carter Center Election Observation Delegations and Staff . .3 Terms and Abbreviations . .8 Foreword by Jimmy Carter . .10 Acknowledgments . .12 Executive Summary . .13 Background to the 2004 Indonesian Elections . .18 Carter Center Election Observation Program . .23 General Election Issues: Carter Center Observations . .27 Legislative Elections: April 5, 2004 . .47 First-round Presidential Election: July 5, 2004 . .50 Coalition-building for the Second Round . .59 Second-round Presidential Election: Sept. 20, 2004 . .61 The New Governing Coalition . .67 Regional Issues and Special Circumstances . .69 Conclusions and Recommendations . .75 Appendices . .79 The Carter Center at a Glance . .97 2 THE CARTER CENTER THE CARTER CENTER 2004 INDONESIA ELECTION REPORT CARTER CENTER ELECTION OBSERVATION DELEGATIONS AND STAFF JULY 5, 2004 DELEGATION LEADERSHIP Jimmy Carter, Former President of the United States of America Rosalynn Carter, Former First Lady of the United States of America Chuan Leekpai, Former Prime Minister of Thailand DELEGATION Amb. (ret.) Robert Barry (United States), Former U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia and Consultant on Election Issues Mr. Shane Barter (Canada), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Ms. Ellen Bork (United States), Deputy Director, Project for the New American Century Ms. Allison Bridges (United States), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Ms. Cecilia Bylesjö (Sweden), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Jeff Carter (United States), Assistant Project Director, The Carter Center Ms. Joanne Cheah (Australia), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Edward Chesky (United States), International Economist and Consultant on Government Policy Mr. Kevin Colborne (Canada), Consultant Mr. James Combe (Australia), Development Consultant Mr. Robert Delfs (United States), Consultant on Government Relations Mr. Dana Robert Dillon (United States), Senior Policy Analyst, The Heritage Foundation Mr. Chris Felley (United States), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Scott Flipse (United States), Senior Policy Adviser, U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom Mr. Dan Getz (United States), Professional Staff for Representative Dan Burton, R-Ind. Mr. Johan Grundberg (Sweden), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Dr. John Hardman (United States), Executive Director, The Carter Center Mrs. Laura Hardman (United States) Mr. Chris Harris (United States) Mr. Yongqin He (China), Program Officer, Cathay Institute of Public Affairs Representative Michael Honda, (United States) U.S. House of Representatives, D-Calif. Ms. Susan Hyde (United States), Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego Ms. Patricia Kendall (United States), Consultant on Legal and Judicial Reform Dr. Dwight King (United States), Professor of Political Science, Northern Illinois University Mr. T. Kumar (United States), Asia Specialist Mr. Jacob Kurtzer (United States), Professional Staff for Representative Robert Wexler, D-Fla. Amb. (ret.) Alphonse La Porta (United States), Former Ambassador to Mongolia, President of the United States Indonesia Society (USINDO) Ms. Lou Ann Linehan (United States), Chief of Staff for Senator Chuck Hagel, R-Neb. Mr. Paolo Maligaya (Philippines), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Dr. Peter Mather (United States), Director, Education Program, The Carter Center 3 THE CARTER CENTER THE CARTER CENTER 2004 INDONESIA ELECTION REPORT Mr. John MacDougall (United States) Mr. Patrick McInnis (United States), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Gabriel Morris (United States), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Dr. Ann Marie Murphy (United States), Research Scholar, Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University, New York Mr. Dan Ostrander (United States), Butte College Mr. Yi Peizhuang (China), Director, No. 1 Division, Department of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Civil Affairs for the People’s Republic of China Ms. Megan Reif (United States), Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science, University of Michigan Mr. Kiat Sitthi-Amorn (Thailand), Former Senior Adviser to Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai Mr. Buranaj Smutharaks (Thailand), Chief of Staff to Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai Ms. Laddawan Tantivitayapitak (Thailand), Specialist, Department of Public Participation, Election Commission of Thailand Mr. Robin Taudevin (Australia), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Russell Vogel (United States), Johns Hopkins University Mr. Brian C. Vogt (United States), Program Coordinator, Safer Together ’04 Ms. Miriam Young (United States), Program Officer, Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights The Carter Center’s international election observer delegation for the July 5 election was comprised of 60 people. STEY E OSHUA J 4 THE CARTER CENTER THE CARTER CENTER 2004 INDONESIA ELECTION REPORT THE CARTER CENTER STAFF – ATLANTA Dr. John Hardman (United States), Executive Director Dr. David Carroll (United States), Acting Director, Democracy Program Mr. Matthew Cirillo (United States), Accounting Manager, Finance Department Ms. Avery Davis-Roberts (United States), Assistant Program Coordinator, Democracy Program Mr. Bob Ellzey (United States), Advance Specialist Ms. Tynesha Green (United States), Program Assistant, Democracy Program Mr. Adrian Kisai (Malaysia), Intern, Democracy Program Ms. Nancy Konigsmark (United States), Director, Scheduling Ms. Allyson Phelps (United States), Intern, Democracy Program Dr. David Pottie (Canada), Senior Program Associate, Democracy Program Ms. Kay Torrance (United States), Assistant Director, Public Information THE CARTER CENTER STAFF – JAKARTA Mr. Eric Bjornlund (United States), Director Ms. Sophie Khan (Canada), Deputy Director Ms. Fernanda Lopes (Portugal), Assistant to the Directors Ms. Florentina Madar (Indonesia), Finance Officer Ms. Natalia Warat (Indonesia), Office Manager SEPTEMBER 20, 2004 DELEGATION LEADERSHIP Douglas Peterson (United States), Former Ambassador to Vietnam and Former Member of the U.S. House of Representatives DELEGATION Ms. Zahabia Adamaly (Sri Lanka), Asia Specialist Ms. Samantha Aucock (South Africa), Civic Education Officer, U.N. Joint Election Management Body in Afghanistan Dr. Alasdair Bowie (New Zealand), Associate Professor of Political Science and International Affairs, The George Washington University Ms. Allison Bridges (United States), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Peter Brookes (United States), Senior Fellow, The Heritage Foundation Mr. Jeffrey Carter (United States), Assistant Project Director, The Carter Center Ms. Rindai Chipfunde (Zimbabwe), National Director, Zimbabwe Election Support Network Mr. Frederic Coffey (United States), Foreign Service Officer (ret.), U.S. Department of State Mr. James Combe (United Kingdom), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Robert Dahl (United States), Consultant, International Foundation for Electoral Systems Mr. Robert Delfs (United States), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Matthew Easton (United States), Senior Associate, Human Rights First Ms. Hannah Feinberg (United States), Program Assistant, The Carter Center 5 THE CARTER CENTER THE CARTER CENTER 2004 INDONESIA ELECTION REPORT Mr. Chris Felley (United States), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Dr. James Fox (United States), Director, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University Mr. Brigham Golden (United States), Ph.D. Candidate at Columbia University Dr. Barbara Grimes (United States), Arafura Training and Consulting Services Mr. Johan Grundberg (Sweden), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Dr. Patricia Henry (United States), Associate Professor, Northern Illinois University Ms. Susan Hyde (United States), Ph.D. Candidate in Political Science at the University of California, San Diego Dr. Omar Kader (United States), President and CEO, PaL-Tech Inc. Ms. Patricia Kendall (United States), Consultant on Legal and Judicial Reform Issues Mr. Amon Killeen (United States), Senior Analyst, DFI International Mr. Adrian Kisai (Malaysia), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Samuel Kivuitu (Kenya), Chairman, Electoral Commission of Kenya Mr. T. Kumar (United States), Asia Specialist Ms. Brett Lacy (United States), MIA Candidate, University of Denver Ms. Ann Lewis (United States), International Consultant, George and Ann Lewis Consultants Mr. George Lewis (United States), International Consultant, George and Ann Lewis Consultants Ms. Gabrielle Low (Malaysia), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. Christopher Lundry (United States), Ph.D. Candidate, Arizona State University Mr. John MacDougall (United States), Consultant Mr. Paolo Maligaya (Philippines), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Mr. James McNaughton (United States), Vice President and Partner, Asia Investment Consultants Mr. David McRae (Australia), Long-term Observer, The Carter Center Ms. Charmain Mohamed (United Kingdom), East Timor Researcher, Human Rights Watch Amb. John Cameron Monjo (United States), Senior
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