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Indonesia Beyond Reformasi: Necessity and the “De-Centering” of Democracy
INDONESIA BEYOND REFORMASI: NECESSITY AND THE “DE-CENTERING” OF DEMOCRACY Leonard C. Sebastian, Jonathan Chen and Adhi Priamarizki* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION: TRANSITIONAL POLITICS IN INDONESIA ......................................... 2 R II. NECESSITY MAKES STRANGE BEDFELLOWS: THE GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC CONTEXT FOR DEMOCRACY IN INDONESIA .................... 7 R III. NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ................... 12 R A. What Necessity Inevitably Entailed: Changes to Defining Features of the New Order ............. 12 R 1. Military Reform: From Dual Function (Dwifungsi) to NKRI ......................... 13 R 2. Taming Golkar: From Hegemony to Political Party .......................................... 21 R 3. Decentralizing the Executive and Devolution to the Regions................................. 26 R 4. Necessary Changes and Beyond: A Reflection .31 R IV. NON NECESSITY-BASED REFORMS ............. 32 R A. After Necessity: A Political Tug of War........... 32 R 1. The Evolution of Legislative Elections ........ 33 R 2. The Introduction of Direct Presidential Elections ...................................... 44 R a. The 2004 Direct Presidential Elections . 47 R b. The 2009 Direct Presidential Elections . 48 R 3. The Emergence of Direct Local Elections ..... 50 R V. 2014: A WATERSHED ............................... 55 R * Leonard C. Sebastian is Associate Professor and Coordinator, Indonesia Pro- gramme at the Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, S. Rajaratnam School of In- ternational Studies, Nanyang Technological University, -
The Populism of Islamist Preachers in Indonesia's 2019 Presidential
The Populism of Islamist Preachers in Indonesia’s 2019 Presidential Election Yuka Kayane University of Tsukuba Populism without leadership? he literature on populism in Asian countries over the past two decades has generally featured charismatic and often autocratic leaders, as notably demonstrated elsewhere by the rise (and fall) of Thaksin Shinawatra due to his vehement rhetoric that antago- Tnized political elites in Bangkok, Rodrigo Duterte’s brutal and lawless war on drugs, and the continuous electoral success of Narendra Modi’s Hindu nationalist government, which prop- agates a divisive rhetoric that alienates Muslim minorities.1 Those analyses and media com- mentaries have highlighted personalistic leaders’ political strategies for seeking or exercising governmental power based on direct, unmediated, un-institutionalized support from large numbers of mostly unorganized followers.2 While the aforementioned top-down populism with powerful leadership has often attracted significant attention, recent studies have shown that there are varieties of other forms of populist mobilization; some take bottom-up forms of social movement, while others have both personalist leadership and social movement.3 In addition, its characteristics substantially depend on local context, such as the ideological bases that are most appealing to the specific society, the figures best positioned to succeed in gaining acceptance as a representative of the people, and how antagonistic oppositions are constructed. The term ‘populism’ was widely used during the 2014 Indonesian presidential election, in which both candidates––Joko Widodo (Jokowi) and Prabowo Subianto––leveraged the 1 Joshua Kurlantzick,“Southeast Asia’s Populism is Different but Also Dangerous,” Council on Foreign Relations, November 1, 2018, https://www.cfr.org/in-brief/southeast-asias-populism-different-also-dange rous, accessed December 12, 2019. -
Ƨǐȑŭơ Dzƣđơ Ɣȃnjǻȁ ƾȉūơ Ƕǰūơ Ƨǂǿƣǜ Śƥ Ƨǫȑǡdzơ Ǎƹǧ Ńƛ
GOOD GOVERNANCE AND THE EMERGENCE OF A PUBLIC SPHERE: Gazing Upon the Reform of Islamic law in Indonesia By: Muhammad Latif Fauzi* Abstrak Tulisan ini menyorot fenomena good governance dikaitkan dengan munculnya ruang public (public sphere) di tengah-tengah masyarakat Indonesia. Penulis mengambil kasus gagasan Counter Legal Draft Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan berbagai corak reaksi dan respon masyarakat sebagai contoh ruang publik yang patut diapresiasi. Sebagai kesimpulan, dapat dikatakan bahwa ketersediaan ruang publik tidak lebih dari sekadar penciptaan iklim/atmosfir yang kondusif dan kokoh untuk melanjutkan agenda pembangunan good governance yang masih belum berjalan seutuhnya. ĤŲά╫ė .ĜΣŧ ΣΔΛŋΔċ ∟ ΌĜẃΉė ΆĜľė ●ΜūΔΛ ŋΣ╩ė Ύ΅ ╪ė ģŏΙĜǿ ╚ġ Ĥ⅝άẃΉė ŭ ĸ₤ ⌠ċ ⌡Ĝ╪ė ΆĜ⅞╬ė Ξẃŧ Ρ ĤΣΏάŦΩė ĤẃΡŏūΉė ╚ġ ĭ ŗ╬ė ΑΜΔĜ⅝ ģŊΜŧ Ώ ΞΊẂ ĤΏĜẃΉė ΆĜẃ₤Χė ŊΛŊŎ ĤΣŷ⅝ ΒΏ ⌡Ĝ╪ė ΆĜ⅞╬ė ōņĨΡ Ī ĸĢΉė ŭ Ί▼ .ĜΣŧ ΣΔΛŋΔċ ∟ ΌĜẃΉė ΆĜľė ●ΜūΕΉ ĤΣŦėŎŊ ĤΉĜķ ĜΚΕΏ ōņĨΡ º╚ΔėΜ⅞Ήė ΒΏ ĜΙ╙ỲΛ ģ╙ŧ Ώ ΆĜΐ΅ĨŦΫ ĠŦĜΕΏ ΎΣΊ⅝ċ ⅜Ί╫ ♥ėŋΚį ΑΜ΅ Ρ Αā ΝŋẃĨΡ Ϋ ΌĜẃΉė ΆĜľė ŏ₤Μħ Αā ⌠ċ ⌡Ĝ╪ė .ŋẃġ ΈΏĜ΄ Έ΅ ūġ ĜΙōΣ℮Εħ ΎĨΡ ⌐ ╕Ήė ŋΣ╩ė Ύ΅ ╪ė ĤΣΐΕħ Keywords: good governance, public sphere, Islamic law reform, the CLD of KHI A. Introduction In recent years an intensified discussion concerning good governance has arisen in many developing countries. In many cases in various countries, this situation is triggered by successfully managing the transition from military rule, military socialism and ethno-nationalist dictatorship to multi-party democracies. In Indonesia, in which the democratization is still on going process, today * He obtained his MA from the Post Graduate Programme of the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta in 2006. -
Strategi Media Relations Tim Sukses Calon Presiden-Wakil Presiden Melalui Media Surat Kabar Daerah
STRATEGI MEDIA RELATIONS TIM SUKSES CALON PRESIDEN-WAKIL PRESIDEN MELALUI MEDIA SURAT KABAR DAERAH Oleh Tatik Yuniarti Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Komunikasi Fakultas Komunikasi, Sastra dan Bahasa Universitas Islam “45” Bekasi Abstract In political developments, the press is often a tool used by political elites for their sake of party and political propaganda. This is because the mass media has the power to influence society in a choice pair of presidential and vice presidential candidate. The aim of this research is to find out how the winning strategies used by success team of presidential and vice presidential candidate. The research uses content analysis method. From the analysis conducted, it is obtained that the success team of president and vice presidential candidate tend to be not optimally utilize the news media as connective information to the public. That's what ultimately realized by the success team of Wiranto-Salahuddin Wahid and Amin Rais-Siswono Yudo Husodo presidential and vice presidential candidate as one of the factors that affects both of them were lost in the 2004 presidential election. But the mass media control is not necessarily used as a benchmark victory presidential and vice presidential candidate, because the factors that influence the victory of the presidential election must also consider the respective candidates support base. Keywords: presidential elections, media relations, candidate, vice candidate PENDAHULUAN Pemilihan presiden pada tahun 2004 menjadi tonggak baru dalam sejarah politik Indonesia, karena kali pertama rakyat Indonesia memilih secara langsung pasangan calon presiden dan wakil presiden. Sebelumnya, tahun 1999 hak memilih presiden hanya di tangan 700 anggota Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR), akibatnya seringkali aspirasi mayoritas rakyat direduksi oleh keputusan elite. -
Programme 2015 As
Europa.wertvoll Europe.valued 20. bis 22. Mai 2015 | Schloss Seggau, Leibnitz 20 - 22 May 2015 | Seggau Castle, Leibnitz Forum für politische, wissenschaftliche, kulturelle, wirtschaftliche und soziale Fragen eines neuen Europas Forum for political, academic, cultural, economic and social aspects of a new Europe Pfingstdialog Steiermark 2015 www.geistundgegenwart.at Inhalt / Contents Geleitworte / Foreword ............................................................................................... 3 Memorandum Seggauberg 2013 ................................................................................ 9 Programm 2015 / Programme 2015 ......................................................................... 12 MI / WED 20.05. Keynote Europa.wertvoll / Keynote speech Europe.valued Jakob von Uexküll ........................................................................................................ 13 Europa.wertvoll DO / THU 21.05. Forum Soziologie & Integration / Sociology & Integration Forum ........................ 14 Forum Politik / Politics Forum .................................................................................. 16 Europe.valued Insieme 1 Religion, Staat und Gesellschaft / Religion, State and Society .................. 18 Insieme 2 Integration & Diversität / Integration & Diversity ......................................... 20 Insieme 3 Ökonomie / Economy ............................................................................... 22 Insieme 4 Kunst & Kultur – Freiheit und Begrenzungen Art & Culture – Freedom -
DIALECTICS of ISLAM, POLITICS and GOVERNMENT in SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: a Comparison of Indonesia and Thailand
6th Joint International Conference and Graduate Workshop on Islamic Studies Revisited: New Trends in the Study of Islam and Muslim Societies DIALECTICS OF ISLAM, POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES: A Comparison of Indonesia and Thailand Bayu Mitra Adhyatma Kusuma Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia email: [email protected] Abstract Generally, the religion including Islam has a considerable influence on the politics and governmental system in a country. But of course the role of Islam in politics and government will be different when Islam as the majority religion compared when Islam became a minority religion. It becomes interesting to be explored further, so as to see concrete evidence the authors determined to compare the influence of Islam in the politics and government in Indonesia and Thailand. The results of research showed that there is a significant imbalance between the role of Islam in Indonesia and Thailand for politics and government. In Indonesia since the struggle until independence era, the Muslim leaders and activists are aware that in order to improve the condition of the country, it takes a political struggle to deal with attempts to obtain power to influence government and public policy making. This can be evidenced by the existence of Islamic party and Islamic mass-based party from the first general election to date. In addition, at the level of government the role of Muslim activists and scholars are also greatly affected. Instead, in Thailand show that Islam has a small portion in politics and government. This is evidenced by the lack of political access and opportunity to participate in the governmental system. -
OSCE Chairmanship Conference on Intolerance and Discrimination Against Muslims Cordoba, 9 – 10 October 2007 General Contribution
PC.DEL/952/07 Distributed at the request of Austria 9 October 2007 ENGLISH only OSCE Chairmanship Conference on Intolerance and Discrimination against Muslims Cordoba, 9 – 10 October 2007 General Contribution Conference of European Imams and Ministers Vienna 2006 organized by the Islamic Religious Community in Austria in cooperation with the Austrian Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs, the City of Vienna and the European Islam Conference Final Declaration of the Conference Islam in Europe is theologically compatible with the principles of democracy, the rule of law, pluralism and human rights. That was the view expressed by the “Conference of Leaders of Islamic Centres and Imams in Europe” in 2003 in Graz, then European Capital of Culture. Simultaneously every form of fanatism, extremism and fatalism was clearly condemned. This was not only an important signal to Muslims, but should also, through the emphasis on participation, promote the integration and identification processes of Muslims in Europe, who now constitute a community of approximately 50 million people of diverse origin. As evidence of Muslim self-awareness, an important explanatory signal should also be sent to non-Muslims in order to counteract their fear and reservations and to strengthen cooperation in peace, mutual understanding and respect. In 2006, the conference participants clearly had to recognize that still greater efforts from all sides are required in order to achieve the acceptance of the Muslims by the majority society. In various European countries social and economic tensions are simultaneously related to an often aggressive and emotionally charged “foreigner debate”. Muslims are used as a group in order to create a picture of “foreigners”, which in times of insecurity strengthens discrimination. -
The Role of Kyai in the 2004 Presidential Election: a Case Study in East Java
SARJANA Volume 27, No. 2, December 2012, pp. 96-107 THE ROLE OF KYAI IN THE 2004 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: A CASE STUDY IN EAST JAVA 1 Munawar Fuad Noeh Mohammad Redzuan Othman Abstract This article examines the role and influence of the Kyai in the 2004 presidential elections through an examination of the voting patterns in East Java. The Kyais, who are considered experts in Islam, traditionally have an important role in the history of Islam and politics in Indonesia as community and religious leaders. Since independence in 1945 until the reform era (1998) and even during the course of the first presidential and vice-presidential elections in 2004, the Kyai played a significant role in influencing the political dynamics of the community. East Java is known as the land of a thousand Islamic schools (pesantren) and had the largest number of voters nationally in the 2004 presidential elections. The role of the Kyai as a leader, and a leading figure in the schools and surrounding communities has a significant impact in determining the people’s political choices. This article assesses the Kyai’s political role in East Java in the 2004 presidential election and their impact on the political preferences of voters in choosing the presidential and vice-presidential candidates. This study uses the method of observation and interviews covering the presidential nomination stage, the implementation process and the post-election period. This study shows that although the Kyais were not the sole factor in determining the election victory in East Java, their role was significant in the outcome of the 2004 presidential election. -
Politics, Religion and Gender
Politics, Religion and Gender Heated debates about Muslim women’s veiling practices have regu larly attracted the attention of European policy makers over the last decade. The headscarf has been both vehemently contested by national and/or regional gov ernments, polit ical par ties and pub lic intellectuals, and pas sion ately defended by veil wearing women and their sup porters. Systematically applying a comparative per spect ive, this book addresses the question of why the headscarf tantalizes and causes such con tro versy over issues about religious plur al ism, secularism, neutrality of the state, gender oppression, citizen ship, migration and multiculturalism. Seeking also to estab lish why the issue has become part of the regulatory practices of some Euro pean countries but not of others, this work brings together an import ant collection of in ter pretative research re gard ing the current debates on the veil in Europe, offering an interdisciplinary scope using a common research methodology, the con trib utors focus on the different religious, polit ical and cultural meanings of the veiling issue across eight coun tries and develop a comparative explanation of veiling regimes. This work will be of great inter est to students and scholars of religion and pol itics, gender studies and multiculturalism. Sieglinde Rosenberger is Professor of Political Science at the University of Vienna, Austria. Her research inter ests focus on the governance of religious plur al ism, migration and integration, identities and gender relations. Birgit Sauer is Professor of Political Science at the Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Austria. -
Styrian Women's and Gender Equality Strategy 2020
Styrian Women's and Gender Equality Strategy 2020 Styria on the path towards more fairness and gender equality Styrian Women's and Gender Equality Styrian Women's and Gender Equality Strategy 2020 Styria on the path towards more fairness and gender equality The Styrian State Government considers gender equality a joint responsibility and a central element for the achievement and maintenance of social justice. The Women's and Gender Equality Strategy 2020 defines the goals for the coming years and describes visions reaching beyond this time horizon. With this, it provides an operational framework for the future women's and gender equality policy pursued by the State of Styria. Within its sphere of action and in collaboration with the Styrian regions and the Austrian Federal Government, the State Government intends to gradually come closer to realizing these visions. In coordination with the Styrian State Government, the seven regional delegates commit to the goals of equality among the genders and, within the scope of their capabilities and fields of action, will contribute to the implementation of the Women's and Gender Equality Strategy 2020. Styrian Women's and Gender Equality Table of contents Concerted action in the right direction .............................................................. 4 1. Challenges and approaches ........................................................................... 4 2. Attitudes and basic principles ........................................................................ 5 3. Political responsibility ..................................................................................... 7 4. Vision and mission statement ........................................................................ 8 Strategic fields of action for the Styrian women's and gender equality policy 5. Economic independence and reduction of income differentials ..................... 10 6. Reconciliation of family and working life for women and men ................. 12 7. Participation, co-determination and representation of women ................ -
Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought
Studien zur Friedensethik Studies on Peace Ethics | Heydar Shadi [ed.] Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought Das Institut für Theologie und Frieden hat die Aufgabe, die ethischen Grundlagen menschlicher Friedensordnung zu erforschen und in den aktuellen friedenspolitischen Diskurs hineinzutragen. Mit den „Studien zur Friedensethik“ wird eine friedensethische Vertiefung der außen- und sicherheitspolitischen Debatte angestrebt. Dabei geht es letztlich um die Frage: Durch welche Politik wird den heute von Gewalt, Armut und Unfreiheit bedrohten Menschen am bes- ten geholfen und zugleich der Errichtung einer zukünftigen fried- lichen internationalen Ordnung gedient, in der Sicherheit, Wahrung der Gerechtigkeit und Achtung der Menschenrechte für alle gewährleistet werden? Studien zur Friedensethik Studies on Peace Ethics herausgegeben von Prof. Dr. Heinz-Gerhard Justenhoven Dr. Bernhard Koch Band 57 Heydar Shadi [ed.] Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought 2.Auflage Nomos Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de ISBN HB (Nomos) 978-3-8487-4050-5 ePDF (Nomos) 978-3-8452-8349-4 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN HB (Nomos) 978-3-8487-4050-5 ePDF (Nomos) 978-3-8452-8349-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shadi, Heydar Islamic Peace Ethics Legitimate and Illegitimate Violence in Contemporary Islamic Thought Heydar Shadi (ed.) 263 p. Includes bibliographic references. ISBN HB (Nomos) 978-3-8487-4050-5 ePDF (Nomos) 978-3-8452-8349-4 ISBN 978-3-402-11704-0 (Aschendorff Verlag, Münster, Print) ISBN 978-3-402-11704-0 (Aschendorff Verlag, Münster, ePDF) Die Schriftenreihen ‚Beiträge zur Friedensethik‘ und ‚Theologie und Frieden‘ sind jeweils bis Band 44 beim Verlag W. -
Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches FORUM
Österreichisches Religionspädagogisches FORUM 23. Jahrgang 2015 schnider verlag Religionspädagogische Kooperationen angesichts religiöser Vielfalt s schnider verlag ISSN 0000-0000 Inhalt Editorial Wolfgang Weirer: Religionspädagogische Kooperationen angesichts religiöser Vielfalt 7 Thementeil: Religionspädagogische Kooperationen angesichts religiöser Vielfalt Karin Peter: Wenn Fremde sich begegnen ... Bedeutung von bleibend Fremdem und Unzugänglichem in interreligiösen Lernkonzepten 11 Zekirija Sejdini: Grundlagen eines theologiesensiblen und beteiligtenbezogenen Modells islamischer Religionspädagogik und Religionsdidaktik im deutschsprachigen Kontext 21 Martina Kraml / Zekirija Sejdini: Religiöse Unterschiedlichkeit als Potenzial. Innsbrucker Interreligiöse Religionspädagogik und Religionsdidaktik 29 Helga Kohler-Spiegel: Religiöses Lernen angesichts gegenwärtiger Vielfalt. Religionspädagogische Überlegungen 39 Sonja Danner: KoKoRu: konfessionell-kooperativer Religionsunterricht – ‚das Wiener Modell’ 47 Thomas Schlager-Weidinger / Renate Hofer: Z.I.M.T. – Würze in der LehrerInnenbildung. Grundsätzliche Überlegungen zum neu gegründeten Zentrum für Interreligiöses Lernen, Migrationspädagogik und Mehrsprachigkeit an der PH der Diözese Linz 55 Edda Strutzenberger-Reiter / Ingrid Kromer / Doris Lindner: Vielfalt an Schulen. Umgang mit religiöser Diversität im pädagogischen Alltag 63 Ednan Aslan / Thomas Weiß: (unter Mitarbeit von Ranja Ebrahim, Nadire Mustafi, Minela Salkic Joldo, Ahmed al Shafey) Miteinander lernen – Voneinander wissen.