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Handline and Longline Fishing Explorations for Snapper And continental shelf off the G uianas dur­ fis hes avail abl e to li ve bait fis hing cent waters. M ar. F ish. Rev . 36(9): 8-3 1. 1974b. Ex pl oratory tuna longline fis h­ ing eight cruises of the M V Calamar and to trolling, are of insuffi ci ent ing in the Caribbean and adjacent walers. (Kl eijn 1974). Fishing during daylight magnitude to offer large-scale com­ Mar. Fish. Rev. 36(9): 6 1-66. Kleijn, L. J. K. 1974 . Res ults of experimen­ was done by handlining, a small trawl mercial development. but when and tal and exploratory shark fis hing off north­ fo r catching bait , and at ni ght with one where they are abundant they could be eaS lern South America. Mar. Fish. Rev. 36(9): 67 -77. or two sets of steel-cabl e botto m important in in creasing the supply of Rathjen, W. F. 197 1. Exploratory fis hing animal protein fo r local res id ents. aCliv iti es U NDP/FAO Caribbean Fisher­ setline. ies Development Project FAO (Food Over 4,600 harks of 25 species, Based on project experi ence, there ap­ Agric . Organ. U.N .) Fish Rep. 7 1(2):237- 248. weighing over 165,000 pound (74 ,8 20 pears to be littl e hope of development Rathjen, W. F., M. Yesaki , and B. Hsu. kg) were caught. Nearl y half were of a tu na fi hery by the longline or 1969. Trawlfis htng potential off northeast­ ern South A meri ca. Proc. G ulf Caribb. caught during 245 hours of handlining live bait methods by participating Fish . Inst. 2 1:86- 110. with 1-8 line and about th e same cou ntries in the project. Wagner, D. P. 1974 . Result s of live bait and pole and line fis hing explorations fo r number were caught with 105 sets or pelagic fis hes in the Cari bbean. Mar. F ish. LITERATURE CITED Rev . 36(9):3 1-35. 1,212 hours of steel-cabl e setlines with Wagner, D. P., and R. S. Wolf. 1974 . Re­ 100-175 hooks . Sharks were most C hislell, G . R., and M. Yesaki. 1974. Spiny sults of troll fis hi ng explorations in the lobster fis hing explorati ons in the C aribbe­ C aribbean. Mar. Fish. Rev . 36(9): 35-43. abundant between 15 and 20 fa th oms an. Mar. Fish Rev. 36(9) :43-48 . Wolf, R . S. 1974. Minor miscell aneous ex­ during ovember and December and K asahara, H., and C. P. Idyll. 1962. United ploratory/experimental fis hing acti vities Nati ons Special Fund, C aribbean Fishery in the C aribbean and adjacent waters. off the mouths of the Iracoube and Mission, Report to the Managing Director. Mar. Fish. Rev. 36(9) :78-87 . Coppename Ri vers. The more com­ U nited Nati ons, New York , 1962:37 p. Wolf, R. S., and G . R. C hislelt. 1974 . Trap Kawaguchi , K . 1974a. H andline and long­ fis hing explorations fo r snapper and re­ mon species were bl acktip shark line fi shing ex plorations for snapper and lated species in the Caribbean and adja­ (Carcharhi nlls Ii mbaflls), small ta il related species in the Caribbean and adj a- cent waters. Mar. Fish. Rev . 36(9):49-61. shark (c. p o r oslI s) , bull shark (c. lell ­ MFR Paper 1082. From Marine Fisheries Revie w, Vol. 36, No. 9, cas), and tiger shark (Galeocerdo September 1974. Copies of this paper, in limited numbers, are Cll vi eri ). available from 083, Technical Information Division, Environmental The whole area off the coast of the Science In formation Center, NOAA , Washington, DC 20235. G uianas will yield an average of 3,000 pounds ( 1,360 kg) of dressed shark meat (about 60 percent of round weight) per 24 hours of fis hing, i. e., 1,000 pounds (458 kg) wi th two steel ­ MFR PAPER 1083 cable sets during the night and 2,000 pounds (907 kg) with handlining dur­ in g the day alternated with required Handline and Longline Fishing Explorations trawl hauls. for Snapper and Related Species in the Because the catch rate of shark is initially high, and the stock rather Caribbean and Adjacent Waters small, overfishing could easily res ult from any mtensive fishing efforts. KYOTARO KAWAGU CHI CONCLUSIONS ABSTRACT - Explorations for snapper and related demersal species T he results of explorations by proj­ have been conducted in the Caribbean and adjacent waters by vessels of ect vessels, as well as others, coupled the Caribbean Fisheries Development Project. This report presents the wi th anal yses of ongoing fis heries indi­ results of th ose explorations which used the handline and bottom set cate that fis hery resources avai lable lo ngline methods on the under- or unexploited shelves and banks within to participating countries in the proj­ the project region. ect are not vast. but several offer po­ Three project vessels spent a total of 382 days conducting exploratory tential for expansIOn. Foremos t is the and simulated commercial type production fishing for snappers, groupers, trawl resource on the continental shelf and jacks. They produced about 291 ,000 pounds of fish which averaged off northea tern South Ameri ca. The about 760 pounds per fishing day or about 14.6 pounds/line/hour of econd most promising latent re ource fishing. The speCies composition of the overall catch was 51 percent awaiting greater use is that of snappers, snapper (Lutjanidae), 34 percent jacks (Carangidae), 6 percent groupers Jack . and grouper . T he keys to devel­ (Serranidae), and 9 percent other mixed species. The daily catch rates opment of the e re ources by project ranged from a to 137 pounds/line/hour. Fishing efficiency and catch cou ntne a re trai ning of fi hermen in rates are discussed . trawlin g, handl ining, and reel and pot Catch res ults as related to fishing ground, water depth, bottom type, fi hlng fo r nappers, and the operation fishing season, and species composition are examined. Results of experi­ f fi hmg ve el of the Ize and endur­ mental use of the bottom set longline method are given. ance nece ary for the e off hore From exploratory fishing results it is estimated that annual production operall on Re ource of shark and of snapper could be increased from two to four times by utilizing under­ bait fi he ,a well a vari ous pelagic or unfished grounds. 8 INTRODUCTION Kyotaro Kawaguchi is FAO sary facilities. The typical fi hing Technical Advisor, Ministry of methods are pot fishing with ome Agriculture, Fisheries Divi­ traditional handlining for demer al The United Nation Caribbean sion, P.O . Box 470, Kingston, fis h and boat or beach sei ning for Jamaica. Fisheries Development Project be­ pelagic fish. which seasonall y approach came operational in August 1965. shore. Gi 11 nets or longl i nes are em­ The purpose, stated in the Project potentials in the re gion- namely, for poyed easonally in very limited Plan of Operations (F AO 1965), was: snappers and related species usin g th e areas. The dominant northeasterly To provide, through exploratory handline meth od . The objecti ves of trade wind of the region limits mall fi shing, marketing study and demon­ this work were: ( I) Locating new or craft operation to the inshore leeward stration, and training, a bas is fo r the unutilized snapper fishing grounds. portions of the island from October further growth of the fisheries of the (2) Providing training in the use of to May, while hurricane threats limit Caribbean Region. by: (a) indicating mechanical and electrical handlin e their fishing range during the rest of the most promisin g ways in which methods. (3) Confirming avail able in­ the season. the productivity of the fisheries can be formation on the snapper and related At present most of the inshore increased; (b) setting up a nucleus of species resource. (4) Providing fis h grounds near those populated islands trained fishermen and fishery officers; for experimental marketing demo n­ are intensively fished and larger catches and (c) demon trating the most eco­ strations in participating countries. can be expected on th e in hore nomic ways of developing domestic The results of snapper trap o r po t grounds only from pelagic species and export markets and defining those work are reported in a separate paper whose migration routes pass near­ fields in which future capital invest­ (Wolf and C hi slett 1974). Rathjen, shore. ment can most fruitfully be applied . Yesaki, and Hsu (1969) ummarize There are a few foreign investments Within these limitations. the Ex­ demersal fi hes available to otter ill fis hing vessels and shore facilities ploratory Fishing portion of the tr awls. in the Cari bbean area, but these are Project performed di ve rse expl oratory The Caribbean Sea is bounded by almost entirely in shrimp, spiny and demonstration fishing for all the Greater Antilles on the north, lobster, and tuna. Otherwise, only major pelagic and demersal fish re­ the Lesser Antill es on the east, the snappers and related species on the sources in the Cari bbean and adj acent island of Trinidad and Tobago and eastern margins of the Central Ameri­ waters of interest to countrie partici­ the north coast of South America on can continental shelf have been com­ pating in the project. A variety of rec­ the south. and the east coast of Cen­ merciall y utilized by foreign Aeets to ognized successful fishing techniques tral A merica on the west.
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