Hemlata Verma et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(3),1480-1482 Review Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info A Review On jacquemontii Hemlata Verma*1, Dr V.K Lal 2, Dr. K. K Pant 3, Nidhi Soni 4 1Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Azadpuram (Near CRPF Camp), Post-Chandrawal,Lucknow-226002, Uttar Pradesh, India 2 Sagar Institute of technology & management, Deptt. Of Pharmacy, Barabanki, Lucknow, (U.P) India 3 Dept. of Pharmacology ,Chhatrapati Shahuji Maharaj Medical UniversityLucknow, (U.P) India 4 School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Received on:10-12-2011; Revised on: 15-01-2012; Accepted on:12-02-2012

ABSTRACT are a great source of medicines, especially in traditional medicine, which are useful in the treatment of various diseases. Medicinal herbs are moving from fringe to mainstream use with a great number of people seeking remedies and health approaches free from side effects caused by synthetic chemicals. is an ancient and had been used by the various tribes for various purposes in their daily life like food article and for treating diseases. The review summarizes ethno medicinal uses and other available data on this medicinal plant to explore its utility.

Key Words: Arisaema jacquemontii, ethnomedicinal uses, pharmacology, chemistry, toxicity

INTRODUCTION Plants have been used as medicines since beginning of human civilization. Classification: [3] India has had a history of ancient traditional medicinal practice based mostly Arisaema jacquemontii on Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani systems of medicine. Medicinal plants have Kingdom: Plantae always been the main constituents of the traditional medicine. Indian Materia Phylum: Magnoliophyta Medica includes about 2000 drugs of natural origin almost all of which are Class: Angiospermae derived from traditional system. Approximately 25 percent of all prescrip- Order: tion drugs are derived from trees, shrubs or herbs. Nature has bestowed our Family: country with an enormous wealth of medicinal plants therefore India has : Arisaema often been referred to as the medicinal garden of the world. Arisaema Species: Arisaema jacquemontii jacquemontii is a cobra lily belonging to genus arisaema. One unusal trait shared by all Arisaema species, and not those of other genera within the Natural habitat Araceae is the ability of plants to change sex during their lifetime. Arisaema It is probably the most common species of Arisaema from our part of the plants are typically male when small, and female or hermaphroditic when world. In its natural habitat it is found growing in the Shrubberies and rocky large, with a single plant capable of changing sex depending on its nutrition slopes in upper forest and lower alpine zones in the drier areas of the and genetics and perhaps changing sex several times during its long life (20 Himalayas, 2400 - 4000 metres [4]. It is native to Afghanistan, China, India, years or more). It has five to seven narrow, palmate and taller - Nepal and Pakistan.Arisaema jacquemontii is fairly common in Himalayan ing stalk with green, white striped, spathe with long upturned white or forests at 2,300–4,300 m above sea level. It also occurs in the Nilgiri Hills in purple tail-like tip. Variable height from 4 -28". Grow in cool sun to partial southern India, and the Khasi Hills region of north-east India. [5] shade in well-drained fertile, evenly moist soil. are tuberous pe- rennials that die back to the ground in winter. Arisaema jacquemontii emerges Cultivation in late spring to early summer [1] It is a wild plant used as food material and It prefers a cool peaty soil in the bog garden, woodland garden or a sheltered in ethano-medico practice by tribals. The aim of the present study is to border in semi-shade [6, 7]. Prefers a loamy or peaty soil and will tolerate a provide complete information about the medicinal & pharmacological impor- sunny position if the soil is moist but not water-logged and the position is tance of the Arisaema jacquemontii available till date. not too hot or exposed. This is probably the hardiest of the Himalayan species and should succeed outdoors in a suitable position in many parts of Synonym [2] the country. Only plant out full sized tubers and mulch them with organic Arisaema jacquemontii Blume matter in the winter. Plants need protection from slugs. Closely related to A. · Arisaema brevispathum Buchet wardii. Most species in this genus are dioecious, but they are sometimes · Arisaema cornutum Schott monoecious and can also change sex from year to year. [8, 7] · Arisaema cylindraceum Wall.ex Engl. · Arisaema exile Schott Propagation Methods · Arisaema wightii Schott By dividing rhizomes, tubers, or bulbs (including offsets) From seed; sow indoors before last frost Seed- best sown as soon as it is ripe in a shady position in a cold frame. Stored seed remains viable for at least a year and can be sown in spring in the *Corresponding author. greenhouse but it will probably require a period of cold stratification. Germi- Hemlata Verma nation usually takes place in 1 - 6 months at 15°c. When large enough to Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research, handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in light Azadpuram (Near CRPF Camp), Post-Chandrawal, Lucknow-226002, shade in the greenhouse for at least a coupe of years until the corms are more Uttar Pradesh, India

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 3.March 2012 1480-1482 Hemlata Verma et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(3),1480-1482 than 20mm in diameter. Plant out into their permanent positions whilst they Ethanomedico practice among the tribals of Chitral Valley Pakistan are dormant. Division of tubers when the plant dies down in late summer. [7] [19] (Plant part- Fruits and rhizome) Ethanomedicinal uses Fruits and rhizomes are poisonous and cause sedation.Very small quantity is Ethanomedico practice by the indigenous people of Kumaun and used during meal for relieving body pain. Also used in small quantities in Garhwal Himalaya region of Uttarakhand, India [9] various preparations by “Hakims” for psychic and nervous disorders ((Plant part-tuber) Herb used as Ringworm killer and in skin diseases Ethanomedico practice among the Kot Manzaray Baba Valley Malakand Agency, Pakistan [20] Ethanomedico practice by the peoples of Kashmir Himalaya region (Plant part-Tuber) India. [10] Used for snake bites (Plant part-Rhizome) Local tribals use it. The tubers are collect and chopped; the pout ice formed Ethanomedico practice by Manali Wild life Sanctuary,North western is used on chronic boils as a remedy. The water extract of the bulbs is used to Himalaya,India. [21] get rid of skin eruptions. At present it is recommended for the treatment of (Plant part-Bulb) skin infections caused due to cold temperatures Bulb is used for the treatment of ringworm and skin diesease

Ethanoveterinary practice by peoples of Shawar valley district, Swat, Chemistry Pakistan [11] Roots of Arisaema jacquemontii led to the isolation of two new triterpenoids, (Plant part-tuber) which were characterized by NMR, IR, and MS spectra as 30-nor-lanost-5- Cough and respiratory tract infection in cows and buffaloes ene-3beta-ol (1) and 30-norlanost-5-ene-3-one (2) [22] An anti-cancer com- pound – ariseminone – has been isolated from the plant [23] Ethanomedico practice in traditional Tibetan therapy system by amchis (medical Known Pharmacology practitioners) in Upper Mustang. Nepal [12] Anti-insect and Anti-proliferative activity (Plant part-root, rhizome and flower) Larvae fed on artificial diet containing sublethal dose of AJL showed a signifi- Fever, stomach problems, swelling, toothache, scabies, chest infection, uterus cant decrease in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity while and menstrual disorders, anthelmintic and throat problems and also used as esterase activity markedly increased as compared to larvae fed on diet with- vegetables out lectin. Out of various human cancer cell lines employed in sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay, this lectin was found to have appreciable inhibitory effect on Ethanomedico practice by tribals of North- Kashmir, district Baramulla the in vitro proliferation of HCT-15, HOP-62, SW-620, HT- 29, IMR-32, and Kupwara, India[13] SKOV-3, Colo-205, PC-3, HEP-2 and A-549 cancer cell lines by 82, 77, 73, (Plant part-root) 70, 41, 41, 37, 29, 21 and 21% respectively. [24] Used to treat boils.The root is dried then crushed to make powder. The powder is mixed with ghee or oil to make paste Toxicity The plant contains calcium oxylate crystals. These cause an extremely un- Ethanomedico practice by peoples from Kaghan Valley, Mansehra pleasant sensation similar to needles being stuck into the mouth and tongue District, if they are eaten but they are easily neutralized by thoroughly drying or Pakistan [14] cooking the plant or by steeping it in water. [25] (Plant part- Whole plant) Camouflage for snakes in coniferous temperate zone CONCLUSION This plant grow as a weed in rainy season and people cut it down but by the Ethanomedico practice by peoples from Uri Kashmir Himalaya, India help of its worldwide ethanomedicinal information this plant have good [15] future prospective for exploration of its pharmacological activity for treating (Plant part-Rhizome) various diseases. As the global scenario is now changing towards the use of Rhizome ground with edible oil forms a paste, which is used for massage plant product having traditional medicine use, development of modern drug purposes in order to regain the muscular strength and in skin problems such from Arisaema jacquemontii should be emphasized for the control of various as blisters, pimples etc. diseases.

Ethanomedico practice by peoples of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary in REFERENCES Western Himalaya, India [16] [17] 1. http://www.wildgingerfarm.com/Arisaema.htm (Plant part-Tuber) 2. http://arisaema.lifedesks.org/pages/528 Tuber is used in Cough, kidney, Skin diseases as ringworm-killer and in 3. http://portal.nbc.gov.bt/portalBhutan/species/browse/taxon/11409/ snakebite 4. O. Polunin; A. Stainton, of the Himalayas, Oxford Uni- versity Press. Oxford–New York 1984; 580pp Ethanomedico practice Jaunsari tribe of garhwal Himalaya, Uttranchal 5. http://www.kew.org/plants-fungi/Arisaema-jacquemontii.htm India [18] 6. Thompson and Morgan,Growing from Seed. 1988, Volume 2. (Plant part-Fruit) 7. A.Huxley.The New RHS Dictionary of Gardening, MacMillan Fruit decoction is used as snakebite antidote Press 1992 ISBN 0-333- 47494-5. 8. F. Chittendon, RHS Dictionary of Plants plus Supplement. 1956

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 3.March 2012 1480-1482 Hemlata Verma et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(3),1480-1482 9. DP Agrawal, Himalayan Medicine System and its Materia Medica 18. V.P Bhatt and G.C.H. Negi, Indian journal of traditional knowl- 10. A.Parvaiz et al., International Journal of Botany, 2006, 2(4), 402- edge, 2006, 3(3), 331-335 408 19. H. Ali and M. Qaiser, Pak. J. Bot., 2009, 41(4), 2009-2041, 11. S.M. Khan et at., Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2007, 10 20. Q. Zabihullah, A. Rashid and N. Akhtar, Pak. J. Pl. Sci., 2006 , 12 (10), 1743-1746 (2), 115-121, 12. M. R. Pandey, Our Nature, 2006 (4), 69-82, 21. S. M. Rana and S.S. Samant , Indian journal of traditional knowl- 13. A.R. Malik et al., Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 2011, (5), edge, 2011, 10(3), 439-459 515-530. 22. S. Jeelani, M. A. Khuroo, and T. K. Razadan, J Asian Nat Prod 14. M. R. Awanl et al., Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2011, Res. 2010, 12(2),157-61. Vol. 5(16), 3958-3967 23. R. P. Rastogi and B. N. Mehrotra B N (ed.). Compendium of 15. Z.A Khan; A.A Khuroo and G.H Dar, Indian journal of traditional Indian Medicinal Plants,Volume 1(1990), 2(1991), 3(1993) 4(1995), knowledge,2004,3(4), 351-357, 5(1998). Published by Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 16. G. Singh and G.S. Rawat., Indian Journal of Fundamental and and National Institute of Science Communication, New Delhi. Applied Life Sciences,2011, 1 (1), 35-46 24. M. Kaur et al., Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 17. K. Pharswan, J. P. Mehta and Subodh, Nature and Science, 2010, 2006, 39 (4),432-440 8(7),109-115. 25. http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx? LatinName= Arisaema+ jacquemontii

Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared

Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 3.March 2012 1480-1482