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ANCIENT ANGER: Perspectives from Homer To This page intentionally left blank ANCIENT ANGER Anger is found everywhere in the ancient world, starting with the very first word of the Iliad and continuing through all literary genres and every aspect of public and private life. Yet it is only very recently, as a variety of disciplines start to devote attention to the history and nature of the emotions, that classicists, ancient historians, and ancient philosophers have begun to study anger in antiquity with the serious- ness and attention it deserves. This volume brings together a number of significant new studies, by authors from different disciplines and countries, on literary, philosophical, medical, and political aspects of ancient anger from Homer until the Roman imperial period. It studies some of the most important ancient sources and provides a paradig- matic selection of approaches to them, and should stimulate further research on this important subject in a number of fields. susanna braund is Professor of Classics at Yale University. She has authored books and articles on Roman satire, Roman epic and other aspects of Roman literature, including Beyond Anger: a Study of Juvenal’s Third Book of Satires (1988)andLatin Literature (2002). With Christopher Gill, she co-edited The Passions in Roman Thought and Literature (1997). Her current major ongoing project is a commentary on Seneca’s De Clementia. glenn w. most is Professor of Greek Philology at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, and Professor in the Committee on Social Thought, University of Chicago. He is the author of The Measures of Praise: Structure and Function in Pindar’s Second Pythian and Seventh Nemean Odes (1985) and editor and co-editor of numerous books on classical studies, literary theory and philosophy. YALE CLASSICAL STUDIES VOLUME XXXII ANCIENT ANGER Perspectives from Homer to Galen Edited for the Department of Classics by SUSANNA BRAUND Professor of Classics, Yale University and GLENNW.MOST Professor of Greek Philology, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Professor in the Committee on Social Thought, University of Chicago cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521826259 © Cambridge University Press 2003 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provision of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published in print format 2004 isbn-13 978-0-511-16455-2 eBook (EBL) isbn-10 0-511-16455-6 eBook (EBL) isbn-13 978-0-521-82625-9 hardback isbn-10 0-521-82625-x hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of urls for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Contents Notes on contributors page vii Acknowledgments ix List of abbreviations x Introduction 1 Susanna Braund and Glenn W.Most 1 Ethics, ethology, terminology: Iliadic anger and the cross-cultural study of emotion 11 D.L.Cairns 2 Anger and pity in Homer’s Iliad 50 Glenn W.Most 3 Angry bees, wasps, and jurors: the symbolic politics of ½rg in Athens 76 D.S.Allen 4 Aristotle on anger and the emotions: the strategies of status 99 David Konstan 5 The rage of women 121 W.V.Harris 6 Thumos as masculine ideal and social pathology in ancient Greek magical spells 144 Christopher A.Faraone 7 Anger and gender in Chariton’s Chaereas and Callirhoe 163 J.H.D.Scourfield v vi List of contents 8 “Your mother nursed you with bile”: anger in babies and small children 185 Ann Ellis Hanson 9 Reactive and objective attitudes: anger in Virgil’s Aeneid and Hellenistic philosophy 208 Christopher Gill 10 The angry poet and the angry gods: problems of theodicy in Lucan’s epic of defeat 229 Elaine Fantham 11 An ABC of epic ira: anger, beasts, and cannibalism 250 Susanna Braund and Giles Gilbert References 286 Index of passages cited 306 Index of proper names 314 Index of topics 321 Notes on contributors danielle allen is Associate Professor in the Departments of Classics and Political Science and the Committee on Social Thought at the Uni- versity of Chicago. In the spring of 2002 she was awarded a MacArthur Prize. susanna morton braund is Professor of Classics at Yale Univer- sity and previously taught at the Universities of Exeter, Bristol, and London. She has published extensively on Roman satire and epic and with Chris Gill co-edited The Passions in Roman Thought and Literature (Cambridge, 1997). Her latest book is Latin Literature (London and New York, 2002). douglas cairns has taught at the Universities of St. Andrews, Otago, and Leeds, and is now Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of Classics, University of Glasgow. He is author of Aidos: the Psychology and Ethics of Honour and Shame in Ancient Greek Literature (Oxford, 1993) and editor of Oxford Readings in Homer’s Iliad (Oxford, 2001). He takes up the Chair of Classics at the University of Edinburgh in 2004. elaine fantham was educated at Oxford and taught at the University of Toronto, Canada from 1968–86 before moving to Princeton University, where she was Giger Professor of Latin from 1986–2000.She is the author of commentaries on Seneca’s Trojan Women (Princeton, 1982), Lucan de Bello Civili Book 2 (Cambridge, 1992) and Ovid Fasti Book 4 (Cambridge, 1998) as well as numerous articles on Lucan and other Roman authors. christopher a. faraone is Professor of Classics at the University of Chicago. He is co-editor (with T. Carpenter) of Masks of Dionysus (Ithaca, NY, 1993) and author of Ancient Greek Love Magic (Cambridge, MA, 1999) and a number of articles on early Greek poetry, religion, and magic. vii viii Notes on contributors giles gilbert wrote his dissertation on the depiction of battle in impe- rial Latin epic at Royal Holloway, University of London; he was awarded the Ph.D. in 2001 and is now teaching Classics at Bancroft’s School in Essex, UK. christopher gill is Professor of Ancient Thought at the University of Exeter. He is the author of Personality in Greek Epic, Tragedy and Philosophy: the Self in Dialogue (Oxford, 1996) and has edited or co-edited six volumes of essays, including, with Susanna Braund, The Passions in Roman Thought and Literature (Cambridge, 1997). ann ellis hanson teaches in the Classics Department, Yale University, and is a MacArthur Fellow (1992–97). She is the author of some ninety articles in the fields of papyrology and Greek and Roman medicine. w. v. harris received his D.Phil. from OxfordUniversity; he writes about Greek and Roman History, and also about Italian politics. He is Shepherd Professor of History at Columbia University. His book Restraining Rage: the Ideology of Anger Control in Classical Antiquity was published by Harvard at the beginning of 2002. david konstan is John Rowe Workman Distinguished Professor of Classics and Professor of Comparative Literature at Brown University and he was President of the American Philological Association in 1999. Among his recent publications are Friendship in the Classical World (Cambridge, 1997) and Pity Transformed (London, 2001). He is currently working on a book on The Emotions of the Ancient Greeks. glenn w. most is Professor of Greek Philology at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa and Professor in the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. He has written widely on ancient and modern literature, philosophy, scholarship, and art. j. h. d. scourfield is Professor of Classics at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth, and author of Consoling Heliodorus: a Commen- tary on Jerome, Letter 60 (Oxford, 1993). His research interests include bereavement and grief in the ancient world, and the ancient novel. Acknowledgments At the conclusion of what has been a pleasant and stimulating collaboration, we wish to thank all those who have made it possible. The expenses of the original Heidelberg colloquium were borne by a Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Preis of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. We would also like to thank Giancarlo Abbamonte (Naples), Victor Bers and John Matthews (Yale), Peter Toohey (Calgary), Michael Sharp at Cambridge University Press and Jan Chapman, the copy-editor, and above all Ingeborg von Appen (Heidelberg), who organized the practicalities of the colloquium, and Peter Mazur (Yale), who compiled the indexes and prepared the volume for publication. ix Abbreviations ARV 2 J. D. Beazley (1963) Attic Red-Figure Vase-Painters, 2nd edn. Oxford. DT A. Audollent (1904) Defixionum Tabellae. Paris. DTA R. Wunsch¨ (1987) Defixionum Tabellae Atticae, Appendix to Inscriptiones Graecae iii. Berlin. GMA R. Kotansky (1994) Greek Magical Amulets: the Inscribed Gold, Silver, Copper, and Bronze Lamellae, part i : Published Texts of Known Provenance, Papyrologica Coloniensia 22.1. Opladen. GMPT Betz, H. D. (ed.) (1986) The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation. Chicago. KAR E. Ebeling. (1915–23) Keilschrifturkunden aus Assur religiosen¨ Inhalts, 2 vols. Leipzig. Lfgr E B. Snell et al. (eds.) (1979–) Lexicon des fruhgriechischen¨ Epos.Gottingen.¨ PGM K. Preisendanz [and A. Henrichs] (1973–74) Papyri Graecae Magicae: Die Griechischen Zauberpapyri, second edn. Stuttgart. PGM Hymn E. Heitsch, apud PGM pp. 237–66. SGD D. Jordan (1985) “A survey of Greek defixiones not included in the special corpora,” GRBS 26: 151–97. SM R. Daniel and F. Maltomini (1990–1) Supplementum Magicum, 2 vols., Papyrologica Coloniensia 16.1 and 2. Opladen. x Introduction Susanna Braund and Glenn W. Most These days, the emotions are hot stuff.
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