DOCSLIB.ORG

This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ The evolution of Egyptian air defence strategy 1967-1973. Nader, Marouf Suleiman Bakhit The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 11. Oct. 2021 ULL ITEM BARCODE UNIVERSITY OF LON DOb 19 0328573 1 VVD Degree Year ýc(lj C) Name Of A'uthor WAVZ-P, Ak- S COPYRIGHT This is thesis for Higher Degree the University London. a accepted a of , of It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright Is',,held by the author. An persons consulting the thesis must read'and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARA71ON I 'recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information' derived from it may be published w.ithout the prior written consent of the author. LOAN Theses may not be lent to'individuals, but the University Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within Great Britain, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: ' Theses Section, ' University of London Libraryt Senate House, Malet Street, London WME 7HU. REPRODUC71ON University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit 'written permission from the University of London Library. Enquiries and orders should be addressed to the Theses Section of'the Library. ý Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent . I of the author. (The'University Librarv Will. addresses where Possible. ) ýDrovide B. 1962-1974, 'copying Ifi'many cases the author'has surreed to permit upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975-1988. Most theses be Copyright Declaration. may copied upon','-c! ompletion of a D. 1989 OnwardýL Most theses'may be copied. This thesis comes within category D. This copy has been deposited in the Unive'r's"itYof i6ýdbn Libraryt'Senate House, Malet Streetv London WME 7HU. 10/013/THESESLABE EJR/DW/23/8/88 THE EVOLUTION OF EGYPTIAN AIR DEFENCE STRATEGY 1967-1973 Marouf Suleiman Bakhit Nader 1 .9 et C3 Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD, University of London. Tanuary 1990. Department of War Studies, King's College. 010`0'71,114ý1- Abstract of Thesis The 1973 War was unlike previous ware in the Middle East: the Egyptians decided on a new way of fighting, relying primarily on ground-based air defences for protection against the Israeli Air Force. It was only following the disaster of 1967 that Egypt's military strategy had undergone major revision. Thus, during the period immediately preceding the 1973 War the structure of Egyptian forces was drastically modified, with a significant shift in the balance between aircraft and anti-aircraft weapons in favour of defensive equipment, which indicated the change in Egyptian air strategy. Exactly why and how Egypt changed to this strategy are the central questions posed in this study. In exploring the conditions which led to the change, this thesis argues that it was during the Egyptian Armed Forces reconstruction period (1967-1970) that the air defence strategy evolved. Egypt was drawn to this strategy by a combination of indigenous and exogenous factors. The study identifies four main ones: the struggle within the Army Command over the structure of the Armed Forces; increasing public -). x pressure on the Egyptian leadership to start the War of Attrition prematurely, coupled with the pressure of time on the reconstruction plan; the Israeli response to the War of Attrition (1969-1970); and finally, Soviet influence. These factors are discussed in- separate chapters, followed by an examination of when and how this process of change was formalized. Finally, a discussion of the new Egyptian strategy in action provides further assessment. Although the internal factors were decisive in bringing about the i external ones, all were needed for the change to take place. The conclusion draws these strands together into an overall assessment of the process by which the Egyptian air defence strategy developed. ii Acknowledgement First of all, I am indebted to the Jordanian Armed Forces for allowing me this opportunity to study at King's College, and providing me with the occasion to pursue my education and expand my knowledge. In this, my thanks are above all due to the progressive policies and wise leadership of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, His Majesty King Hussein. I wish to thank particularly HRH Crown Prince Hassan bin Talal for his personal concern, for his truly generous assistance,. and for his help in securing interviews with senior Egyptian officials. Without his total support my task would have been far more difficult; therefore, I am extremely grateful. I wish also to express my gratitude to HE Marshal Sharif Zeid bin Shaker for his personal support and for his help in arranging my visit to Egypt, and to General Fathi Abu Talib for his encouragement and help. I am Indebted to the many persons - officials, officers, academics, public-and private-sector employees, and citizens, whether active or retired, both in Jordan and Britain - who gave me their time and attention, and to all Egyptian officials and military officers whose interviews were truly invaluable. Finally, my sincere thanks to my supervisor Dr. Philip Sabin for his guidance and useful suggestions, dedication and patience during my research. iii Table of Contents i Abstract ............................................................. iii Acknowledgements ................................................... iv Table of Contents ................................................... Figures List of Tables and ........................................... v Abbreviations List of ............................................... Vi I Introduction ......................................................... Chapter One: Egypt's 24 Air Power and Wars, 1932-1967 ................... Chapter Two: The Internal 64 Conflict .................................. Chapter Three: The Time Factor 106 ..................................... Chapter Four: 155 The Israeli Response to The War of Attrition ......... Chapter Five: The Soviet Role 204 ......... I ............................ Chapter 254 Six: Search for Strategy: From Total War to Limited War .... Chapter Seven: The Air Defence Strategy in Action: The October War.. 298 Conclusion 356 ......................................................... Appendix One: Data on Aircraft/Anti-Aircraft Weapon Systems During the 1967-1973 Period 371 .......................... iv List of Tables and Figures Figure One: The Decision-Making Structure of the Egyptian Forces before 69 Armed 1967 ..... .......................... Figure Two: The New Decision-Making Structure of the Egyptian Armed Forces ........................................... 96 Table One: Air Force/Air Defence Strength Targets Achievement 117 end ................................. Figure Three: Pilot Training 123 Courses Overlap ....................... Figure 141 Four: Weapons Build Up: Aircraft and SAM Launchers .......... V List of Abbreviations AAA Anti Aircraft Artillery AA Anti Aircraft AAM Air to Air Missile AFSC Armed Forces Supreme Council APC Armoured Personnel Carrier ASM Air to Surface Missile ASU Arab Socialist Union (in Egypt) C-in-C Commander in Chief Cos Chief of Staff EAF Egyptian Air Force ECCM Electronic Counter Counter Measures ECM Electronic Counter Measures EW Electronic Warfare GHQ General Headquarters HEC ýHigh Executive Committee (in Egypt) IAF Israel Air Force IFF Identification Friend or Foe IISS International Institute for Strategic Studies PC Presidential Council (in Egypt) RAF Royal Air Force (UK) RCC Revolutionary Command Council (in Egypt) SAM Surface to Air Missile SSM Surface to Surface Missile vi iIý INTRODUCTION As the numerous and bloody ware in the Middle East have shown, the Arabs have, in the past,, been extremely slow to develop effective strategies for the confrontation -with Israel. The lessons, however, have not gone unlearned, and each successive war has' further stimulated the Arab nations to modernize and improve their military capability. I 'Only following the disaster of 1967 did Egypt's military strategy undergo major revision. During the period immediately preceding the 1973 War the structure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
    Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Contractors Mark
    20 NEW VISION, Friday, November 23, 2018 ADVERTISER SUPPLEMENT Arab Contractors mark By Owen Wagabaza here is no corner of this country where the name Arab Contractors does not ring a bell. TThe construction company, which has a global footprint, has executed several projects in Uganda over the last 20 years. Arab Contractors Mahmoud Diaa Eldeen, is an Egyptian construction the technical manager of and contracting company Arab Contractors Uganda established in 1955 by Eng. Osman Ahmed Osman, an contractors in this technically Egyptian entrepreneur and challenging engineering politician who also served specialty and I can say his as Egypt’s housing minister dream came to fruition under the Anwar Sadat’s as currently Egyptian presidency. contractors are dominating Mahmoud Diaa Eldeen, the construction industry the technical manager of in Egypt, Middle East and Arab Contractors Uganda Africa,” he says. Ltd, says Osman foresaw the Diaa Eldeen adds that 7UXFNVWKDWDUHSDUWRI$UDE&RQWDFWRUVpHHW7KHoUPHQVXUHVWKDWLWVYHKLFOHVDUHLQVRXQGPHFKDQLFDOFRQGLWLRQ capabilities of the Egyptian their construction projects workforce by founding Arab in Egypt, Middle East and only way to pay tribute to nationalised after the high-profile projects. These International Airport, Borg Contractors and consequently Africa show the Egyptian his legacy is to go ahead Egyptian revolution of 1952 include Aswan High Dam, El Arab Stadium and Yasser Egyptian contractors have workforce’s capabilities and in our path of success by and is currently owned by the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, Arafat International Airport. been able to undertake as a result, Osman’s name continuously adding value Egyptian government. Cairo Regional Ring Road, In Uganda, Arab Contractors many construction projects, has become a trademark for to our construction works And over the years, the Cairo-Alexandria desert road, have completed some of including bridges in many high quality, commitment and while at the same time company has participated Luxor International Airport, the most sophisticated yet parts of the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Alia Mossallam 200810290
    The London School of Economics and Political Science Hikāyāt Sha‛b – Stories of Peoplehood Nasserism, Popular Politics and Songs in Egypt 1956-1973 Alia Mossallam 200810290 A thesis submitted to the Department of Government of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, November 2012 1 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,397 words (excluding abstract, table of contents, acknowledgments, bibliography and appendices). Statement of use of third party for editorial help I confirm that parts of my thesis were copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Naira Antoun. 2 Abstract This study explores the popular politics behind the main milestones that shape Nasserist Egypt. The decade leading up to the 1952 revolution was one characterized with a heightened state of popular mobilisation, much of which the Free Officers’ movement capitalized upon. Thus, in focusing on three of the Revolution’s main milestones; the resistance to the tripartite aggression on Port Said (1956), the building of the Aswan High Dam (1960- 1971), and the popular warfare against Israel in Suez (1967-1973), I shed light on the popular struggles behind the events.
    [Show full text]
  • After the Accords Anwar Sadat
    WMHSMUN XXXIV After the Accords: Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet Background Guide “Unprecedented committees. Unparalleled debate. Unmatched fun.” Letters From the Directors Dear Delegates, Welcome to WMHSMUN XXXIV! My name is Hank Hermens and I am excited to be the in-room Director for Anwar Sadat’s Cabinet. I’m a junior at the College double majoring in International Relations and History. I have done model UN since my sophomore year of high school, and since then I have become increasingly involved. I compete as part of W&M’s travel team, staff our conferences, and have served as the Director of Media for our college level conference, &MUN. Right now, I’m a member of our Conference Team, planning travel and training delegates. Outside of MUN, I play trumpet in the Wind Ensemble, do research with AidData and for a professor, looking at the influence of Islamic institutions on electoral outcomes in Tunisia. In my admittedly limited free time, I enjoy reading, running, and hanging out with my friends around campus. As members of Anwar Sadat’s cabinet, you’ll have to deal with the fallout of Egypt’s recent peace with Israel, in Egypt, the greater Middle East and North Africa, and the world. You’ll also meet economic challenges, rising national political tensions, and more. Some of the problems you come up against will be easily solved, with only short-term solutions necessary. Others will require complex, long term solutions, or risk the possibility of further crises arising. No matter what, we will favor creative, outside-the-box ideas as well as collaboration and diplomacy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Israel/Palestine Question
    THE ISRAEL/PALESTINE QUESTION The Israel/Palestine Question assimilates diverse interpretations of the origins of the Middle East conflict with emphasis on the fight for Palestine and its religious and political roots. Drawing largely on scholarly debates in Israel during the last two decades, which have become known as ‘historical revisionism’, the collection presents the most recent developments in the historiography of the Arab-Israeli conflict and a critical reassessment of Israel’s past. The volume commences with an overview of Palestinian history and the origins of modern Palestine, and includes essays on the early Zionist settlement, Mandatory Palestine, the 1948 war, international influences on the conflict and the Intifada. Ilan Pappé is Professor at Haifa University, Israel. His previous books include Britain and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (1988), The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–51 (1994) and A History of Modern Palestine and Israel (forthcoming). Rewriting Histories focuses on historical themes where standard conclusions are facing a major challenge. Each book presents 8 to 10 papers (edited and annotated where necessary) at the forefront of current research and interpretation, offering students an accessible way to engage with contemporary debates. Series editor Jack R.Censer is Professor of History at George Mason University. REWRITING HISTORIES Series editor: Jack R.Censer Already published THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND WORK IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE Edited by Lenard R.Berlanstein SOCIETY AND CULTURE IN THE
    [Show full text]
  • The Muslim Brotherhood
    ISLAMIC MOVEMENT AND DOMINANT IDEOLOGICAL TRENDS IN EGYPT: A CASE STUDY OF MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy IN WEST ASIAN STUDIES (POLITICAL SCIENCE) BY AFSAHN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF DR. MOHAMMAD GULREZ PROFESSOR Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh Muslim University DEPARTMENT OF WEST ASIAN STUDIES & NORTH AFRICAN STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (U.P.)-202002 (INDIA) 2016 DEPARTMENT OF WEST ASIAN STUDIES & NORTH AFRICAN STUDIES ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH-202002(U.P) India Date: Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis entitled “Islamic Movement and Dominant Ideological Trends in Egypt: A Case Study of Muslim Brotherhood” submitted by Ms. Afshan under my supervision is his own original contribution and suitable for submission for the award of the degree of Ph.D. It is further certified that Ms. Afshan has been engaged in fulltime research and that he has put in required attendance as prescribed by the University. (Dr. Mohammad Gulrez) (Dr. Mohammad Gulrez) Maulana SupervisorAzad Library, Aligarh MuslimChairman University i PREFACE & ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The purpose of this study on “Islamic Movement and Dominant Ideological Trends in Egypt: A Case Study of Muslim Brotherhood” is not to give a modern history and contemporary trends of all kinds of thought expressed by the Egyptian scholars since the second half of the nineteenth century. The emphasis however is on the ideological trends about politics and society within a certain context. This thought process was influenced by the growth of European and the Islamic resurgence movements calling for radical social reforms and for changes in the system of government.
    [Show full text]
  • Memoirs of Pre-Yom Kippur War Egyptian Generals, 1967-1972 : Strategic Insights: V.4, Issue 3 (March 2005)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Faculty and Researcher Publications Faculty and Researcher Publications 2005-03 Book Review. Learning and Rebuilding a Shattered Force: Memoirs of Pre-Yom Kippur War Egyptian Generals, 1967-1972 : Strategic Insights: v.4, issue 3 (March 2005) Aboul-Enein, Youssef Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School Strategic Insights http://hdl.handle.net/10945/25385 Book Review: Learning and Rebuilding a Shattered Force— Memoirs of Pre-Yom Kippur War Egyptian Generals, 1967-1972 Strategic Insights, Volume IV, Issue 3 (March 2005) by LCDR Youssef Aboul-Enein, MSC, USN Strategic Insights is a monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The views expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. For a PDF version of this article, click here. Introduction Dr. Mohammed Al-Jawadi has made a major contribution to the understanding of the strategic and tactical thinking of Egyptian generals. His famous Arabic work, Al Nasr Al- Waheed (The Only Victory) which collects the memoirs of five Egyptian generals who planned and fought the 1973 Yom-Kippur War, was published in 2000. His 2001 volume, Fee Eikaab Al-Naksah, Muzakiraat Qaadah Misr Al-Askariyah Sabaa wa Siteen ila Ithnain wa Sabaaen (In Between the Catastrophe, Memoirs of Egyptian Military Commanders from 1967 to 1972, (Cairo: Dar-Al-Khiyal Press, 2001, 555 pages)) features the memoirs of five Egyptian generals who were involved in the reconstruction of the Egyptian military establishment after the 1967 Six-Day War.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of State Diplomacy Laboratory Project 32
    United States Department of State Diplomacy Laboratory Project 32: Developing Maintenance Cultures in UN Police Peacekeeping Operations Indiana University – Purdue University of Case Study Authors and Contributors Indianapolis Jordan Cutler Graduate Certificate in Homeland Security Managing Editor and Writer and Emergency Management - Candidate Will Warner [email protected] Masters of Science in Criminal Justice and Public Safety - Candidate Allison Davids [email protected] Masters of Science in Criminal Justice and Public Safety - Candidate Associate Editor and Writer [email protected] Morgan Farnworth Masters of Public Affairs - Candidate Carmen Diaz Graduate Certificate in Homeland Security Masters of Science in Criminal Justice and and Emergency Management - Candidate Public Safety - Candidate [email protected] [email protected] Assistant Editor and Writer Hannah Hall Brendan Hartnett Masters of Science in Criminal Justice and Masters of Science in Criminal Justice and Public Safety - Candidate Public Safety - Candidate [email protected] [email protected] Stephen Howell William A. Foley Jr., Ph.D. Masters of Science in Criminal Justice and Faculty Advisor and Co-Author Public Safety - Candidate [email protected] [email protected] Joshua Kiilu Graduate Certificate in Homeland Security and Emergency Management - Candidate [email protected] Kelsey Klingler Masters of Science in Criminal Justice and Public Safety - Candidate [email protected] Rachell Laucevicius Masters of Arts in Sociology - Candidate Graduate Certificate
    [Show full text]
  • Republican Egypt Interpreted: Revolution and Beyond
    14 Republican Egypt interpreted: revolution and beyond ALAIN ROUSSILLON Egypt is one of a restricted group of developing countries whose politics have assumed a special significance as test cases of opposing models of development. Egypt shares with India, China, Algeria, Yugoslavia and Cuba the analytical interest of partisan and aca- demic observers for the light its experience may shed upon the competing theories of development and for the possibility that its history may reveal a unique and unanticipated model Leonard Binder, In a Moment of Enthusiasm, p.. i. Introduction Towards the end of the 1970s, as the opening up (infitah) toward the west and the liberalization of the economy were sharply criticized as "betrayal" of the 1952 revolution's goals, as return of the exploitative bourgeoisie, and as abandonment of the Palestinian cause, certain observers, Egyptian and foreign, began to lay out a new "model" for the reading of contemporary Egyptian history. This model attempted to view Egypt's various "experi- ments," before and after the revolution, from a common perspective; it also made it possible to explain the "cycles" through which Egypt has ultimately failed to "modernize" and regain the place among nations that its millenia of history allows it to demand. Muhammad 'Ali and Nasir, breaking with a past of national humiliation, both incarnated Egypt's "will to power" by basing restoration of its regional and international role on a state economy heavily reliant on industry and the construction of a national armed force: the failure of both projects was brought about by conjunction of the "perverse" consequences of their own options and methods, and by the hostility from coalitions of external interests, alarmed by the regional role to which Egypt aspired.
    [Show full text]
  • Implicación Del Terrorismo En El Conflicto Palestino-Israelí Desde La
    Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera Departamento de Derecho Público IMPLICACIÓN DEL TERRORISMO EN EL CONFLICTO PALESTINO ISRAELÍ DESDE LA ÉPOCA DEL MANDATO BRITÁNICO HASTA LA ACTUALIDAD TESIS DOCTORAL Presentada por: María Carmen Forriol Campos Dirigida por: Susana Sanz Caballero Valencia Año 2016 A mis padres Francisco y Carmen a quienes con este trabajo de investigación sólo puedo agradecer un poco de lo mucho que se preocuparon por nuestra formación 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS Quiero agradecer en primer lugar a la Doctora Susana Sanz Caballero su permanente accesibilidad y disponibilidad para resolver cualquier duda o consulta y porque con sus indicaciones ha hecho posible que se hiciese realidad este trabajo de investigación. También quiero agradecer la accesibilidad y la información facilitada por todas aquellas personas a las que he tenido la oportunidad de entrevistar personal, telefónicamente y en el mismo Israel y a las que hago mención a lo largo de este trabajo. Mi profundo agradecimiento a todas esas amistades que tanto interés han mostrado por este trabajo y que de alguna manera han contribuido a que se haya hecho realidad. Quiero también agradecer el apoyo y afecto de mis hermanos que desde la cercanía han hecho factible el arduo proceso de elaboración de esta Tesis Doctoral. 2 3 INDICE ACRÓNIMOS 8 INTRODUCCIÓN GENERAL 12 1. Formulación de Hipotesis 31 2. Justificación y objetivos de la Tesis 31 3. Estructura 32 4. Metodología de la Investigación 33 5. Fuentes 35 CAPÍTULO I EL CONFLICTO PALESTINO ISRAELÍ DESDE SUS INICIOS HASTA LA PROCLAMACIÓN DE ISRAEL COMO ESTADO INDEPENDIENTE 38 1. Antecedentes históricos y origen del conflicto 41 1.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Csisafrica Notes
    Number 140 September 1992 ( CSISAFRICA NOTES A publication of the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, D.C. Russia's Arms Sales to Africa: Past, Present, and Future by Leonid L. Fituni With the end of the Cold War, and of ideologically motivated superpower associations with African governments, Russian arms sales to the continent have predictably dropped. According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, African countries in 1990 imported (from all sources) major weapons priced af$1.316 billion-a sharp drop from the 1982 figure of $5.595 billion. The 1992 figure is expected to be lower still due to the recent arms embargo imposed on Libya, heretofore one of the continent's major arms importers. This downward shift may only be a temporary phenomenon, however. There are largely unreported indications that Russia may be on its way to reestablishing itself as a significant arms exporter to Africa. From the Czarist Era to the Cold War The history of Russia's military interaction with Africa predates the 1917 Bolshevik revolution. The Czaristregime supported the Afrikaners against the British during the 1899-1902 Boer War. Ethiopians received military support (including a Cossack expeditionary corps) in defending their country from the Italians in the 1880s. During World War II, Egypt and South Africa played supportive roles in Stalin's military cooperation with the West. It was only when the USSR emerged as a superpower in the 1950s, however, that Russian involvement with Africa became a foreign policy
    [Show full text]
  • Hypervelocity Missiles for Defence
    HYPERVELOCITY MISSILES FOR DEFENCE Presented by Faqir Minhas College of Engineering PAF-Karachi Institute of Economics & Technology April 6, 2005 Table of contents 1. Prologue 3 2. Piloted aircraft and tactical missiles (technical developments) 3 3. Summary of piloted aircraft 5 4. Ballistic and cruise missiles 7 5. Ballistic trajectories 10 6. Conclusions 18 7. Hypersonic propulsion 20 8. Test facilities: 26 9. References 33 Note: This 34-page paper is abridged description of the presentation. It is condensed from the original paper of 150 pages, which contains detailed information on propulsion systems and hypersonic aerodynamics. Copies of this paper or the original paper can be obtained the Royal Aeronautical Society, Pakistan Division on demand. 2 Abstract The paper reviews the history of technical development in the field of hypervelocity missiles. It highlights the fact that the development of anti-ballistic systems in USA, Russia, France, UK, Sweden, and Israel is moving toward the final deployment stage; that USA and Israel are trying to sell PAC 2 and Arrow 2 to India; and that India’s Agni and Prithvi missiles have improved their accuracy, with assistance from Russia. Consequently, the paper proposes enhanced effort for development in Pakistan of a basic hypersonic tactical missile, with 300 KM range, 500 KG payload, and multi-role capability. The author argues that a system, developed within the country, at the existing or upgraded facilities, will not violate MTCR restrictions, and would greatly enhance the country’s defense capability. Furthermore, it would provide high technology jobs to Pakistani citizens. The paper reinforces the idea by suggesting that evolution in the field of aviation and electronics favors the development of ballistic, cruise and guided missile technologies; and that flight time of short and intermediate range missiles is so short that its interception is virtually impossible.
    [Show full text]