Mexico Model Updates for October 29, 2020 Covid.Healthdata.Org Institute

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Mexico Model Updates for October 29, 2020 Covid.Healthdata.Org Institute Mexico Model updates for October 29, 2020 ESPAÑOL Durante la tercera semana de octubre los casos positivos muestran un incremento por arriba de 5 mil por día. Así mismo, las muertes muestran modifican su tendencia, y en la última semana de octubre muestran un ligero incremento a 391 muertes diarias. IHME estima que para el 1 de febrero de 2021 en México habrá 134 mil defunciones acumuladas, es decir aproximadamente 5.2 mil más que las estimadas hace una semana para la misma fecha. Si se generaliza el uso de cubrebocas se salvarían 9.3 mil vidas al primero de febrero de 2021. Situación actual • Los casos confirmados se mantienen relativamente constantes hasta la tercera semana de octubre y en la cuarta muestra un ligero incremento en el número de casos diarios por arriba de 5 mil (Figura 1). • Las muertes diarias muestran una tendencia descendente desde el mes de agosto. Pero para la cuarta semana de octubre se observa un ligero incremento y se estiman 369 muertes al día (Figura 2). Al 21 de octubre, COVID19 sigue siendo la primera causa de muerte a nivel nacional (Tabla 1). • Las estimaciones de muertes en México por COVID19 acumuladas al 21 de octubre indican que alrededor de 62% de ellas suceden entre 55 y 79 años. La mitad de las muertes por COVID en México suceden antes de los 63 años. • La R efectiva al 15 de octubre – basada en el análisis combinado de casos, hospitalizaciones y muertes –cambia con respecto a las estimaciones de la semana anterior. Son 14 estados con una R efectiva mayor a 1. Con una R efectiva mayor a 1.16 están Chihuahua y Yucatán; con valores entre 1.08 y 1.11 se ubican Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Aguascalientes y Colima; y con valores por arriba de 1, pero menor a 1.04 se encuentran la Ciudad de México, el Estado de México, Tlaxcala, Michoacán, Jalisco, Nuevo León, Coahuila y Baja California (Figura 3). En los últimos meses no se había observado una situación similar a la presente lo cual indica un potencial incremento en la propagación de la infección. • Para el 26 de octubre hay 8 estados con cifras de población infectada por COVID19 por encima de 30%: Tlaxcala, Aguascalientes, Baja California, Sinaloa y Colima (30-35%); Tabasco y Quintana Roo (36-41%) y la Ciudad de México con valores superiores a 50% (Figura 4). • Debido al bajo número de pruebas realizadas, el número de casos positivos detectados representan 2.5% de la población infectada. • La mortalidad diaria por COVID-19 para el 26 de octubre es mayor a ocho por un millón de habitantes en tres estados, Chihuahua, Ciudad de México y Aguascalientes (Figura 6). Factores impulsores de las tendencias de transmisión (movilidad, uso de cubrebocas, pruebas y estacionalidad) • La movilidad de la población sigue aumentando en todo el país en promedio. En algunos estados se ha mantenido como estaba en la última semana. Otros presentan movilidad similar a la que había en enero de 2020 entre ellos se encuentran: Durango y Zacatecas; con ligeramente menor movilidad que los anteriores están, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Coahuila, Guanajuato, Querétaro y Michoacán. En contraste la movilidad es muy baja en la Ciudad de México, Yucatán y Quintana Roo (Figuras 8a y 8b). • No hay cambios en el uso de mascarillas en comparación con la semana anterior. En promedio el 81% usa mascarilla al salir de casa en el país (Figura 9). • México se mantiene como uno de los países que hace menos pruebas diagnósticas en comparación con los demás países de la región (Figura 10a). Al desagregar por estados se observa un desempeño muy pobre en todo el país y ligeramente mejor en Ciudad de México, Tabasco, Nuevo León, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí y Guanajuato (Figura 10b). covid.healthdata.org Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Mexico Model updates for October 29, 2020 Proyecciones • La proyección de muertes acumuladas para el 1 de febrero de 2021 es de 134 mil, es decir 5.2 mil muertes más que las estimadas la semana pasada para el 1 de febrero. Entre el 26 de octubre y el 1 de febrero se incrementarán 45 mil muertes. De aumentar el uso de mascarillas al 95% se pueden salvar, al primero de febrero de 2021, 9.3 mil vidas si se compara con el escenario de referencia, reduciendo el número esperado de muertes en 7.0% (Figura 12). • Las proyecciones de defunciones por día muestran una tendencia ascendente a medidos de noviembre y después de esa fecha se mantendrán entre 420 y 460 muertes diarias hasta febrero de 2021, el peor escenario muestra 560 muertes al día y el mejor llegará a 300 (Figura 13). • Dado el incremento de la mortalidad diaria por COVID es urgente regresar a los mandatos en el mes de octubre en Chihuahua y Colima; en el mes de noviembre en Yucatán y Aguascalientes; y el resto de los estados no necesitan reimponer mandatos hasta febrero de 2021 (Figura 15). • Se estima que para el 1 de febrero alrededor de un tercio de los mexicanos estén infectados por COVID19. Chiapas será el único estado que para febrero de 2021 tendrá menos de 5% de la población infectada. En contraste, seis estados rebasarán 54% de la población infectada Baja California, Chihuahua, Aguascalientes, Colima, Quintana Roo y Ciudad de México; y otros seis estarán con prevalencia mayor a 40%, Tabasco, Puebla, Tlaxcala, Estado de México, Coahuila, Sinaloa y Sonora (Figura 16). • La tasa de mortalidad diaria para el 1 de febrero de 2021 en el país es muy heterogénea. Por abajo de 2 por 1 millón de habitantes se ubican Baja California Sur, Tamaulipas, Tabasco y Campeche. En contraste, por arriba de 5 por un millón de habitantes estarán Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Michoacán, Sonora y Guanajuato (Figura 17). • Ofrecemos una comparación de nuestros pronósticos con otros modelos que proporcionan actualizaciones periódicas y archivan sus resultados. Al comparar los pronósticos del pasado con lo que ha ocurrido, nuestro modelo tiene el error porcentual medio más bajo para las muertes acumuladas. Como muestra la Figura 18, nuestros pronósticos son marcadamente diferentes. IHME establece que se estiman 430 muertes diarias en promedio hasta el mes de febrero de 2021. El modelo de la Universidad del Sur de California (SIKJalpha) pronostica que la epidemia en México seguirá ascendiendo después del mes de noviembre y otros modelos sugieren que la epidemia está llegando a su fin con una disminución de las muertes diarias hasta el final del año. Encontramos una fuerte correlación estadística de la R efectiva en los últimos 6 meses con el patrón semanal de muertes por neumonía visto en cada país o estado. Esta variable de estacionalidad combinada con nuestra predicción de que los mandatos continuarán disminuyendo durante las cuentas de otoño para nuestros pronósticos marcadamente diferentes. • La presión que reciben los hospitales por demanda de camas se presenta a lo largo del tiempo y por entidad federativa. Para el mes de noviembre con excepción de Baja California Sur, Campeche y Chiapas se espera una presión alta en 10 estados y extrema en 19. La proyección indica que para febrero de 2021 se sumará Tabasco a los estados con presión moderada y Chiapas cambiará a presión extrema (Figura 19). • La presión por camas de terapia intensiva en México es muy similar para noviembre solo Campeche y Chiapas no tendrán presión, en contraste 11 estados tendrán presión alta por camas de Terapia intensiva y 19 presión extrema. En febrero de 2021 Tabasco estará en moderado y Chiapas en presión extrema (Figura 20). • Al terminar 2020, de acuerdo con las estimaciones de IHME, la primera causa de muerte será COVID-19 en México (Tabla 3). IHME desea agradecer calurosamente el apoyo de estos y otros que han hecho posible nuestros esfuerzos de estimación de COVID-19. Gracias. Para ver todos los recursos de COVID-19 en IHME, visite http://www.healthdata.org/covid. Preguntas? ¿Peticiones? ¿Realimentación? Comuníquese con nosotros en https://www.healthdata.org/covid/contact- us. covid.healthdata.org Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Mexico Model updates for October 29, 2020 ENGLISH During the third week of October, the number of positive cases increased to over 5,000 per day. Likewise, deaths show a change in their trend, with a slight increase to 391 deaths per day in the last week of October. IHME estimates that by February 1, 2021, there will be 134,000 cumulative deaths in Mexico, which is approximately 5,200 more than those estimated a week ago for the same date. If the use of face masks becomes widespread, 9,300 lives could be saved by February 1, 2021. Current situation • Confirmed cases remain relatively constant through the third week of October and in the fourth week show a slight increase in the number of daily cases to above 5,000 (Figure 1). • Daily deaths have shown a downward trend since August. But by the fourth week of October, a slight increase is observed, with an estimated 369 deaths per day (Figure 2). As of October 21, COVID-19 continues to be the leading cause of death at the national level (Table 1). • Estimates of cumulative deaths in Mexico from COVID-19 through October 21 indicate that about 62% occur between the ages of 55 and 79. Half of the deaths from COVID-19 in Mexico occur before the age of 63. • The effective R as of October 15 – based on the combined analysis of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths – changes from the previous week’s estimates. There are 14 states with an effective R greater than 1.
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