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Karstenia 42: 27- 28, 2002
Caloscyphaceae, a new family of the Pezizales
HARRl HARMAJA
HARMAJA, H. 2002: Caloscyphaceae, a new family of the Pezizales. - Karstenia 42: 27- 28 . Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. The new family Caloscyphaceae Harmaja is described for Caloscypha Boud. (Asco mycetes, Pezizales). The genus is monotypic, only comprising C. jiilgens (Pers. : Fr.) Boud. Characters belie ed to be diagnostic of the new family are treated, some of them being cited from the literature, others having been studied personally. Key words: ascospore wall , Caloscypha, carotenoids, chemotaxonomy, Geniculoden dron pyriforme, phylogeny, seed parasite Harri Harmaja, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum ofN atural History, PO. Box 47, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland www.helsinki.fi/people/harri.hannaja/
The genus Caloscypha Boud., with its only spe void of carotenoid pigments, and the spores are cies C. fulgens (Pers. : Fr.) Boud., has usually multinucleate. The genus clearly deserves a fam been included in the family Pyronemataceae (Pe ily of its own. zizales). However, since a rather long time the Below, the new family Caloscyphaceae is de genus been considered taxonomically isolated scribed. The characters that appear to be diag without having close relatives (see e.g. Korf nostic at the family le el are given in the English 1972). This status was strengthened as the description; these are partly a matter of personal spores of C. fulgens were reported to belong to judgement. Detailed features of the genus Calo an infrequent kind as to their wall structure (Har scypha and its only species have been described maja 1974). As I also observed that the ascus wall e.g. by Eckblad (1968); see also Harmaja (1974) is often somewhat thickened upwards (up to 3.0 for some spore characters. mm in Melzer's reagent; unpublished until now), I even prepared a manuscript in the 1970's to de Caloscyphaceae Harmaja, familia nova scribe a new family for Caloscypha. After those times, two additional special characteristics of Familia ordinis Pezizales inter Ascomycetes. Caloscypha have been detected: (i) the nutrition Mycelium in seminibus coniferarum parasiti mode: Geniculodendron pyriforme G. A. Salt, cum. Apothecia vernalia, cupulata, hymenio pathogenic to the seeds of Abies, Picea and Pi luteo. Asci inamyloidei. Paraphyses saepe api nus, was found to be the anamorph of C. fit! gens ce attenuati, pigmenta carotenoidea continen (see e.g. Sutherland 1979), (ii) according to Land tes. Sporae hyalinae, uninucleatae, laeves, sine vik et al. ( 1997) the genus unexpectedly is phylo tunica secundaria cyanophiloidea, intus egut genetically distinct from the other cupulate, caro tulatae. Excipulum e textura intricata. - Typus: tenoid-containing taxa with uninucleate spores: Caloscypha Boud. of the three main lineages of the Pezizales the Family of Ascomycetes: Pezizales. Apothecia genus clusters with one that comprises the fami cupulate, hymenium deep yellow. Ascus wall in lies Helvellaceae, Morchellaceae and Tuberace amyloid. A proportion of the paraphyses taper ae (and obviously also Discinaceae and Rhiz apically. Carotenoid pigments present within the inaceae; see O'Donnell & al. 1997). In these fam paraphysis cells (Arpin 1968). Ascospores hya ilies, the apothecia are non-bright in colour, de- line, uninucleate (Berthet 1964 ), smooth, without 28 HARMAJA: CALOSCYPHACEAE KARSTENIA 42 (2002) a cyanophilic secondary wall at any stage of their Eckblad, F.-E. 1968: The genera of the operculate Dis de elopment (Harmaja 1974), without oil drops. comycetes. A re-e\aluation of their taxonomy, phy logeny and nomenclature. - Nytt Mag. Bot. 15: 1- Excipulum essentially of textura intricata. Myc 191. elium pathogenic to conifer seeds. Apothecia Harmaja, H. 1974: Obsenations on the presence of a occur in spring on forest ground. Phylogenetic cyanophilic peri spore in the spores of the Pezizales. analysis suggests an affinity to the families Hel Karstenia 14: 123- 125. vellaceae, Morchellaceae and Tuberaceae (Land Korf, R.P. 1972: Synoptic key to the genera of the Pezizales. - t\Iycologia 64: 937- 994. vik&al. 1997). Landvik, S. , Egger, K.N. & Schumacher, T. 1997: To wards a subordinal classification of the Pezizales (As comycota). - Nordic J. Bot. 17: 403-418. O' Donnell, K., Cigelnik, E. , Weber, N. S. & Trappe, J. References M. 1997: Phylogenetic relationships among asco mycetous truffles and the true and false morels in Arpin, N. 1968: Les carotenoides des Discomycetes: es ferred from ISS and 28S ribosomal DNA sequence sai chimiotaxinomique. - Universite de Lyon, Villeur analysis. - l'v[ycologia 89: 48- 65 . banne. 170 pp. ; reissued 1969: Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Sutherland, J.R. 1979: The pathogenic fungus Caloscypha Lyon 38 (suppl.): 1- 169. fulgens in stored conifer seeds in British Columbia and Berthet, P. 1964: Essai biotaxinomique sur les Discomy relation of its incidence to ground and squirrel-cache cetes. - Joanny Lorge, Lyon. !57 pp. collected cones. - Canad. J. Forest Res. 9: 129- 132.