DOCSLIB.ORG

2. Typification of Gyromitra Fastigiata and Helvella Grandis

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2. Typification of Gyromitra Fastigiata and Helvella Grandis Preliminary phylogenetic and morphological studies in the Gyromitra gigas lineage (Pezizales). 2. Typification of Gyromitra fastigiata and Helvella grandis Nicolas VAN VOOREN Abstract: Helvella fastigiata and H. grandis are epitypified with material collected in the original area. Matteo CARBONE Gyromitra grandis is proposed as a new combination and regarded as a priority synonym of G. fastigiata. The status of Gyromitra slonevskii is also discussed. photographs of fresh specimens and original plates illustrate the article. Keywords: ascomycota, phylogeny, taxonomy, four new typifications. Ascomycete.org, 11 (3) : 69–74 Mise en ligne le 08/05/2019 Résumé : Helvella fastigiata et H. grandis sont épitypifiés avec du matériel récolté dans la région d’origine. 10.25664/ART-0261 Gyromitra grandis est proposé comme combinaison nouvelle et regardé comme synonyme prioritaire de G. fastigiata. le statut de Gyromitra slonevskii est également discuté. Des photographies de spécimens frais et des planches originales illustrent cet article. Riassunto: Helvella fastigiata e H. grandis vengono epitipificate con materiale raccolto nelle rispettive zone d’origine. Gyromitra grandis viene proposta come nuova combinazione e ritenuta sinonimo prioritario di G. fastigiata. Viene inoltre discusso lo status di Gyromitra slonevskii. l’articolo viene corredato da foto di esem- plari freschi e delle tavole originali. Introduction paul-de-Varces, alt. 1160 m, 45.07999° n 5.627088° e, in a mixed for- est, 11 May 2004, leg. e. Mazet, pers. herb. n.V. 2004.05.01. During a preliminary morphological and phylogenetic study in the subgenus Discina (Fr.) Harmaja (Carbone et al., 2018), especially Results the group of species close to Gyromitra gigas (Krombh.) Quél., we sequenced collections of G. fastigiata (Krombh.) rehm. In this con- The bayesian analysis (Fig. 1) made on lSu sequences of Gyromi- text, taxonomic synonyms of the latter were evaluated, and we dis- tra, including the epitype of Gyromitra fastigiata confirms that it is covered that the oldest name available for this fungus could be distinct from the american species G. brunnea and G. caroliniana1. Helvella grandis Cumino, a species described and illustrated from G. fastigiata is distributed in all of continental europe and probably the alpine beech forests of the north-western Italian province of in Turkey — under the name G. brunnea (aCar et al., 2018) or Cuneo. unfortunately, these two names are only typified by illustra- G. slonevskii —, although the collections made in this country tions, so we propose a modern typification with specimens coming should be further investigated due to a divergent collection, from the original area and usable for morphological examinations KX420700, shown on the ITS phylogenetic tree published in Carbone and rDna analyses. et al. (2018). Material and methods The case of Gyromitra fastigiata Helvella fastigiata was described and illustrated by KroMbHolz (1834) based on material collected in spring near prague (Czech re- Phylogenetic study. — The method of extraction and amplifica- public). It was combined in the genus Gyromitra by reHM (1896). tion of rDna is the same described in Carbone et al. (2018). The phy- There is no type specimen of this species but the Krombholz’s good logenetic analyses were also performed as in Carbone et al. (2018) illustration can be used as a lectotype (art. 8.1 and 9.3 ICn). Its char- but only with the large-subunit ribosomal Dna. The sequences ob- acters ease the determination, although it may have been some- tained during this study have been registered in Genbank. times confused with G. gigas (or G. ticiniana/korfii) mainly due to the Nomenclature. — all citations of ICn articles refer to the Shen- same fruiting period. This is a rare but widespread species in europe zhen Code (TurlanD et al., 2018). (benKerT et al., 1985; CeTTo, 1983; CHerubInI & perrone, 1992; FerrarI, Studied collections. — CzeCH republIC: Moravia, Ždánice, 1991; KoTlaba & pouzar, 1974; röllIn, 1995; SVrčeK & MoraVeC, 1972; 49.0766° n, 16.99524° e, alt. 290 m, on soil, under Carpinus betulus, Van Vooren & Moreau, 2009; MorozoVa, 2014). It was also recorded in Fraxinus excelsior and Acer pseudoplatanus, 22 apr. 2018, leg. north america (beSSeTTe et al., 1997; HuFFMan & TIFFanY, 2001; Weber, r. Manak, ex pers. herb. V18042206, lY n.V. 2018.04.10. HunGarY: 1995) but the correct name to be applied in this continent is Gyromi- Fejér, Vál, ~47.3469° n, 18.649825° e, under deciduous trees, 10 apr. tra brunnea underw. (beuG et al., 2014; Kuo, 2005; lInCoFF, 1981; 2015, leg. J.-M. Moingeon, pers. herb. J.M.M. 20150410-02. ITalY: pia- MCKnIGHT, 1973; MeTHVen et al., 2013). For some authors, e.g. KoTlaba cenza, Ferriere, Cassimoreno, ~44.633254° n, 9.579232° e, alt. 800 m, & pouzar (1974), abboTT & CurraH (1997) or beuG et al. (2014), these under Fagus sylvatica and some Prunus avium, 24 apr. 2010, leg. two species are synonyms. M. Carbone (in pers. herb.). Cuneo, Valdieri, San Giovanni, 44.2691° n 7.401983° e, alt. 760 m, along the stream Gesso, on sandy soil, under The case of Helvella grandis deciduous trees (Corylus, Fraxinus, Alnus, Salix), 26 apr. 2008, leg. From a nomenclatural point of view, the name Helvella grandis e. Simarco, M. abrate & Giordano, pers. herb. V.S. 98042. Ibid., 24 apr. was totally forgotten in the post-friesian period, probably because 1999, leg. M. abrate & V. pepino, pers. herb. V.S. 99007, immature. the name was considered as a synonym of Helvella monachella Ibid., 25 apr. 2000, leg. V. pepino, pers. herb. V.S. 00033. Cuneo, (Scop.) Fr. by FrIeS (1822) and then not critically reinvestigated by ormea, ponte di nava, under broadleaved trees, 23 apr. 2001, leg. p. the mycologists. Incidentally, Cumino’s illustration of H. grandis Fabbri, pers. herb. V.S. 01057. FranCe: ain, Thoiry, alt. 700 m, could have been used as a lectotype of H. monachella (art. F.3.9 ICn), 46.2356377° n 5.954821° e, under Picea abies in a mixed forest, 25 as briefly discussed by Van Vooren (2010). Fries’ concept of apr. 2004, leg. a. Schrumpf, pers. herb. n.V. 2004.04.06. Isère, Saint- H. monachella is heterogeneous, including features of Gyromitra and 1 Van Vooren & Moreau (2009) discussed the misinterpretations of this name for european collections. 69 Fig. 1 – 50% majority rule consensus lSu rDna phylogram of the genus Gyromitra obtained in Mrbayes from 11,025 sampled trees. nodes were annotated if supported by >0.95 bayesian pp (left) or >70% Ml bp (right). non-significant support values are exceptionally represented inside parentheses. Sequences of G. fastigiata/grandis are grouped in the blue frame. 70 Ascomycete.org Fig. 2 – Krombholz’s illustration of Helvella fastigiata (adapted). Helvella. Despite this, SKreDe et al. (2017) accepted this name for the lectotype here designated: Krombholz, Naturgetr. Abbild. well-known Helvella leucopus pers. and designated battarra’s figure Schwämme, pl. 21, fig. 9–11 (1834). MbT 386669. cited by Fries as lectotype. Finally H. grandis and its type are avail- epitype here designated: CzeCH republIC, Moravia, Ždánice, able. The original description and plate are explicit enough to con- 49.0766° n, 16.99524° e, alt. 290 m, on soil, under Carpinus betulus, sider it as a fungus close or identical to Gyromitra fastigiata, Fraxinus excelsior and Acer pseudoplatanus, 22 apr. 2018, leg. although there could be a little doubt because CuMIno (1806) cited the plate 116 from the Flora Danica which clearly represents G. in- r. Manak, ex pers. herb. V18042206 (lY n.V. 2018.04.10). MbT fula2. at the same time, there is no doubt that the closest species 386670. Genbank lSu MK784816. which looks like H. grandis and grows in spring (“…primo vere…”) in Original description:“Helv. pileo trilobo, subirregulariter angulato, beech forests (“…sylvosis faginesis”) is what has been so far named tricuspidato, fusco; lobis deflexis, rotundatis, margine subinflexis et G. fastigiata. glabris, medio plicato-undulatis, subtus stipites subadnatis, adpressis, The case of Gyromitra slonevskii subvenosis, candidis, tomentosis; stipite crasso, polymorpho, sulcato- costato vel sulcato-celluloso, tomentoso, candido, carnoso intus pri- This species was published by HeluTa (2001) for a Gyromitra close to G. fastigiata, differing by “larger ascocarps, colour of cap, length mum farcto, demum cavo.” of ascospores, smell, and a different habitat (mostly on rotten Homotypic synonyms: Physomitra infula var. fastigiata (Krombh.) wood).” but, morphologically, the specimens figured on the two boud., Hist. class. discom. Eur.: 35 (1907); Maublancomyces fastigiata plates accompanying the article are not really different from the (Krombh.) Herter, Rev. Sudam. bot., 10 (1): 17 (1951); Neogyromitra usual aspect of G. fastigiata. Concerning the spore size, G. slonevskii fastigiata (Krombh.) McKnight, Mycologia, 60: 725 (1968); Discina is given the following values: (27) 29–31 (35) × 11–15 µm. our mea- fastigiata (Krombh.) Svrček & J. Moravec, Česká Mykol., 26 (1): 5 surements on G. fastigiata give: (25) 26.5–34 (35) × (11) 12–16 (17) µm. Finally the growth on rotten wood is not unusual and many (1972). species like G. gigas, G. ticiniana, G. infula or G. fastigiata can grow Other synonyms: Gyromitra pratensis Velen., Mon. Discom. on soil or on dead rotten wood. no lSu sequences of G. slonevskii Bohem., 1: 389 (1934), fide SVrčeK (1978); Maublancomyces pratensis are available in public databases, but our previous ITS rDna analyses (Velen.) Herter, Rev. Sudam. bot., 8 (5): 160 (1950). arbone (C et al., 2018: Fig. 1) strongly suggest the conspecificity with lectotype designated by SVrčeK (1978): prC 587 (in formaldehyde G. fastigiata/grandis. bottle). Gyromitra slonevskii V.p. Heluta, Ukrain. Bot. J., 58 (1): 83 (2001). Nomenclature Holotype: ukraine, Koroviaczky, Trachtemyriv park, 22 apr. 1999, leg. V. Heluta, housed in herb. KW. Gyromitra krombholzii bezděk, Houby jedlé a jim podobné je- Gyromitra fastigiata (Krombh.) rehm, Rabenh. Kryptog.-Fl., éd. 2, 1 (3): 1194 (1896). dovaté: 199 (1905), inval.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chorioactidaceae: a New Family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with Four Genera
    mycological research 112 (2008) 513–527 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Chorioactidaceae: a new family in the Pezizales (Ascomycota) with four genera Donald H. PFISTER*, Caroline SLATER, Karen HANSENy Harvard University Herbaria – Farlow Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA article info abstract Article history: Molecular phylogenetic and comparative morphological studies provide evidence for the Received 15 June 2007 recognition of a new family, Chorioactidaceae, in the Pezizales. Four genera are placed in Received in revised form the family: Chorioactis, Desmazierella, Neournula, and Wolfina. Based on parsimony, like- 1 November 2007 lihood, and Bayesian analyses of LSU, SSU, and RPB2 sequence data, Chorioactidaceae repre- Accepted 29 November 2007 sents a sister clade to the Sarcosomataceae, to which some of these taxa were previously Corresponding Editor: referred. Morphologically these genera are similar in pigmentation, excipular construction, H. Thorsten Lumbsch and asci, which mostly have terminal opercula and rounded, sometimes forked, bases without croziers. Ascospores have cyanophilic walls or cyanophilic surface ornamentation Keywords: in the form of ridges or warts. So far as is known the ascospores and the cells of the LSU paraphyses of all species are multinucleate. The six species recognized in these four genera RPB2 all have limited geographical distributions in the northern hemisphere. Sarcoscyphaceae ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Sarcosomataceae SSU Introduction indicated a relationship of these taxa to the Sarcosomataceae and discussed the group as the Chorioactis clade. Only six spe- The Pezizales, operculate cup-fungi, have been put on rela- cies are assigned to these genera, most of which are infre- tively stable phylogenetic footing as summarized by Hansen quently collected.
    [Show full text]
  • Vědecká Společnost Pro Mykologií
    Č eskoslovenská VĚDECKÁ SPOLEČNOST PRO MYKOLOGIÍ ■ ■ I I ACADEMIA/PRAHA I / ČESKÁ MYKOLOGIE časopis Cs. vědecké společnosti pro mykologii pro šíření znalosti hub po stránce vědecké i praktické Ročník 28 Číslo 2 Květen 1974 Vydává Čs. vědecká společnost pro mykologii v Nakladatelství Československé akademie věd Vedoucí redaktor: člen korespondent ČSAV Albert Pilát, doktor biologických věd Redakční rada: akademik Ctibor Blattný, doktor zemědělských věd, univ. prof. Karel Cejp, doktor biologických věd, dr. Petr Fragner, MUDr. Josef Herink, dr. František Kotlaba, kan­ didát biologických věd, inž. Karel Kříž, prom. biol. Zdeněk Pouzar, dr. František Šmarda, doc. dr. Zdeněk Urban, kandidát biologických věd. Výkonný redaktor: dr. Mirko Svrček, kandidát biologických věd Příspěvky zasílejte na adresu výkonného redaktora: 115 79 Praha 1, Václavské nám. 68, Národní muzeum, telefon 269451 — 59, linka 49. 1. sešit vyšel 5. ú n o ra 1974 OBSAH Z. Hubálek: Síření hub čeledi Chaetomiaceae volně žijícími ptáky. I. Pře­ hled nálezů .................................................................................................................................... 65 Z. Urban: O taxonomickém pojetí a nomenklatuře některých obilních rzí 80 F. Kotlaba a Z. Pouzar: Další lokality ucháče svazčitého — Gyro- mitra fastigiata (Krombh.) Rehm — v Čechách s poznámkami k rodové příslušnosti ucháčů a d e štic ............................................................................................... 84 G. Juhásová: Cylindrospóriová skvrnitost listov gaštana jedlého na Slo­ v en sk u 96 M. Hejtmánek a Z. Urban: V. celostátní mykologická konference (Olomouc 25.—27. IX . 1 9 7 3 ) ......................................................................................... 99 Souhrny referátů z V. celostátní mykologické konference v Olomouci 2 5 . - 2 7 . září 1973 104 Referáty o literatuře: J. Brčák, Vztahy rostlinných virů k přenašečům (J. Špaček, str. 83); F. Šmarda, Die Pilzgesellschaften einiger Fichten­ wälder Mährens (M.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Guide to Common Macrofungi in Eastern Forests and Their Ecosystem Functions
    United States Department of Field Guide to Agriculture Common Macrofungi Forest Service in Eastern Forests Northern Research Station and Their Ecosystem General Technical Report NRS-79 Functions Michael E. Ostry Neil A. Anderson Joseph G. O’Brien Cover Photos Front: Morel, Morchella esculenta. Photo by Neil A. Anderson, University of Minnesota. Back: Bear’s Head Tooth, Hericium coralloides. Photo by Michael E. Ostry, U.S. Forest Service. The Authors MICHAEL E. OSTRY, research plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, MN NEIL A. ANDERSON, professor emeritus, University of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul, MN JOSEPH G. O’BRIEN, plant pathologist, U.S. Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, St. Paul, MN Manuscript received for publication 23 April 2010 Published by: For additional copies: U.S. FOREST SERVICE U.S. Forest Service 11 CAMPUS BLVD SUITE 200 Publications Distribution NEWTOWN SQUARE PA 19073 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015-8640 April 2011 Fax: (740)368-0152 Visit our homepage at: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/ CONTENTS Introduction: About this Guide 1 Mushroom Basics 2 Aspen-Birch Ecosystem Mycorrhizal On the ground associated with tree roots Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria 8 Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera 9 The Omnipresent Laccaria Laccaria bicolor 10 Aspen Bolete Leccinum aurantiacum, L. insigne 11 Birch Bolete Leccinum scabrum 12 Saprophytic Litter and Wood Decay On wood Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus populinus (P. ostreatus) 13 Artist’s Conk Ganoderma applanatum
    [Show full text]
  • A Four-Locus Phylogeny of Rib-Stiped Cupulate Species Of
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 60: 45–67 (2019) A four-locus phylogeny of of Helvella 45 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species Xin-Cun Wang1, Tie-Zhi Liu2, Shuang-Lin Chen3, Yi Li4, Wen-Ying Zhuang1 1 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China 2 College of Life Sciences, Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, China 3 College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China 4 College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China Corresponding author: Wen-Ying Zhuang ([email protected]) Academic editor: T. Lumbsch | Received 11 July 2019 | Accepted 18 September 2019 | Published 31 October 2019 Citation: Wang X-C, Liu T-Z, Chen S-L, Li Y, Zhuang W-Y (2019) A four-locus phylogeny of rib-stiped cupulate species of Helvella (Helvellaceae, Pezizales) with discovery of three new species. MycoKeys 60: 45–67. https://doi. org/10.3897/mycokeys.60.38186 Abstract Helvella species are ascomycetous macrofungi with saddle-shaped or cupulate apothecia. They are distri- buted worldwide and play an important ecological role as ectomycorrhizal symbionts. A recent multi-locus phylogenetic study of the genus suggested that the cupulate group of Helvella was in need of comprehen- sive revision. In this study, all the specimens of cupulate Helvella sensu lato with ribbed stipes deposited in HMAS were examined morphologically and molecularly.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 716–784 By: P.W
    Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784 By: P.W. Crous, M.J. Wingfield, T.I. Burgess, G.E.St.J. Hardy, J. Gené, J. Guarro, I.G. Baseia, D. García, L.F.P. Gusmão, C.M. Souza-Motta, R. Thangavel, S. Adamčík, A. Barili, C.W. Barnes, J.D.P. Bezerra, J.J. Bordallo, J.F. Cano-Lira, R.J.V. de Oliveira, E. Ercole, V. Hubka, I. Iturrieta-González, A. Kubátová, M.P. Martín, P.-A. Moreau, A. Morte, M.E. Ordoñez, A. Rodríguez, A.M. Stchigel, A. Vizzini, J. Abdollahzadeh, V.P. Abreu, K. Adamčíková, G.M.R. Albuquerque, A.V. Alexandrova, E. Álvarez Duarte, C. Armstrong-Cho, S. Banniza, R.N. Barbosa, J.-M. Bellanger, J.L. Bezerra, T.S. Cabral, M. Caboň, E. Caicedo, T. Cantillo, A.J. Carnegie, L.T. Carmo, R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz, C.R. Clement, A. Čmoková, L.B. Conceição, R.H.S.F. Cruz, U. Damm, B.D.B. da Silva, G.A. da Silva, R.M.F. da Silva, A.L.C.M. de A. Santiago, L.F. de Oliveira, C.A.F. de Souza, F. Déniel, B. Dima, G. Dong, J. Edwards, C.R. Félix, J. Fournier, T.B. Gibertoni, K. Hosaka, T. Iturriaga, M. Jadan, J.-L. Jany, Ž. Jurjević, M. Kolařík, I. Kušan, M.F. Landell, T.R. Leite Cordeiro, D.X. Lima, M. Loizides, S. Luo, A.R. Machado, H. Madrid, O.M.C. Magalhães, P. Marinho, N. Matočec, A. Mešić, A.N. Miller, O.V. Morozova, R.P. Neves, K. Nonaka, A. Nováková, N.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Sarcoscypha Austriaca (O
    © Miguel Ángel Ribes Ripoll [email protected] Condiciones de uso Sarcoscypha austriaca (O. Beck ex Sacc.) Boud., (1907) COROLOGíA Registro/Herbario Fecha Lugar Hábitat MAR-0704007 48 07/04/2007 Gradátila, Nava (Asturias) Sobre madera descompuesta no Leg.: Miguel Á. Ribes 241 m 30T TP9601 identificada, entre musgo Det.: Miguel Á. Ribes TAXONOMíA • Basiónimo: Peziza austriaca Beck 1884 • Posición en la clasificación: Sarcoscyphaceae, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi • Sinónimos: o Lachnea austriaca (Beck) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 8: 169 (1889) o Molliardiomyces coccineus Paden [as 'coccinea'], Can. J. Bot. 62(3): 212 (1984) DESCRIPCIÓN MACRO Apotecios profundamente cupuliformes de hasta 5 cm de diámetro. Himenio liso de color rojo intenso, casi escarlata. Excípulo blanquecino en ejemplares jóvenes, luego rosado y finalmente parduzco, velloso. Margen blanco, excedente y velutino. Pie muy desarrollado, incluso de mayor longitud que el diámetro del sombrero, blanquecino, tenaz y atenuado hacia la base. Sarcoscypha austriaca 070407 48 Página 1 de 5 DESCRIPCIÓN MICRO 1. Ascas octospóricas, monoseriadas, no amiloides Sarcoscypha austriaca 070407 48 Página 2 de 5 2. Esporas elipsoidales, truncadas en los polos, con numerosas gútulas de tamaño medio y normalmente agrupadas en los extremos, a veces con pequeños apéndices gelatinosos en los polos (sólo en material vivo). En apotecios viejos las esporas germinan por medio de 1-4 conidióforos formando conidios elipsoidales multigutulados Medidas esporas (400x, material fresco) 25.4 [29.8 ; 32.5] 36.9 x 10.8 [13 ; 14.3] 16.5 Q = 1.6 [2.1 ; 2.5] 3.1 ; N = 19 ; C = 95% Me = 31.15 x 13.63 ; Qe = 2.32 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Threats in Non-Protected Areas: a Multidisciplinary and Multi-Taxa Approach Focused on the Atlantic Forest
    Heliyon 5 (2019) e02292 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon journal homepage: www.heliyon.com Biodiversity and threats in non-protected areas: A multidisciplinary and multi-taxa approach focused on the Atlantic Forest Esteban Avigliano a,b,*, Juan Jose Rosso c, Dario Lijtmaer d, Paola Ondarza e, Luis Piacentini d, Matías Izquierdo f, Adriana Cirigliano g, Gonzalo Romano h, Ezequiel Nunez~ Bustos d, Andres Porta d, Ezequiel Mabragana~ c, Emanuel Grassi i, Jorge Palermo h,j, Belen Bukowski d, Pablo Tubaro d, Nahuel Schenone a a Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos (CIAR), Fundacion Bosques Nativos Argentinos, Camino Balneario s/n, Villa Bonita, Misiones, Argentina b Instituto de Investigaciones en Produccion Animal (INPA-CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, (C1427CWO), Buenos Aires, Argentina c Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfologica y Molecular de Peces (BIMOPE), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (CONICET), Dean Funes 3350, (B7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina d Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” (MACN-CONICET), Av. Angel Gallardo 470, (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina e Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminacion Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (CONICET), Dean Funes 3350, (B7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina f Laboratorio de Biología Reproductiva y Evolucion, Instituto de Diversidad
    [Show full text]
  • Morel Mushrooms
    A HARVESTER'S GUIDE Morel Mushrooms IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES CONTENTS Introduction .....................................................................................1 Ecology, Growing Season and Habitat .................................... 2 Identification of Morels ........................................................... 3 Harvesting .............................................................................. 5 Drying ..................................................................................... 6 Public Land, Private Property and Aboriginal Private Lands ... 7 2014 Burn Areas in the NWT ................................................... 9 Respect the Land .................................................................... 10 Forest Protection .................................................................... 10 Safety ..................................................................................... 11 Economics, Marketing and Income ......................................... 12 Government, Community and Emergency Contacts ............... 14 Authored by Walter Brown and Joachim Obst INTRODUCTION Forest fires are naturally-occurring events in the Northwest Territories (NWT) that produce a valuable renewable resource: morel mushrooms. These mushrooms flourish in burn areas after a forest fire and present NWT residents and communities with an opportunity to generate a lucrative seasonal income. The prospect of sustainable earnings from the morel mushroom harvest will likely increase in coming years as more than
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Saddle Fungi (Helvella: Ascomycota) in Europe – Species Delimitation, Taxonomy and Typification
    Persoonia 39, 2017: 201–253 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2017.39.09 A synopsis of the saddle fungi (Helvella: Ascomycota) in Europe – species delimitation, taxonomy and typification I. Skrede1,*, T. Carlsen1, T. Schumacher1 Key words Abstract Helvella is a widespread, speciose genus of large apothecial ascomycetes (Pezizomycete: Pezizales) that are found in terrestrial biomes of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This study represents a beginning on molecular phylogeny assessing species limits and applying correct names for Helvella species based on type material and specimens in the Pezizales university herbaria (fungaria) of Copenhagen (C), Harvard (FH) and Oslo (O). We use morphology and phylogenetic systematics evidence from four loci – heat shock protein 90 (hsp), translation elongation factor alpha (tef), RNA polymerase II (rpb2) and the nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU) – to assess species boundaries in an expanded sample of Helvella specimens from Europe. We combine the morphological and phylogenetic information from 55 Helvella species from Europe with a small sample of Helvella species from other regions of the world. Little intraspecific variation was detected within the species using these molecular markers; hsp and rpb2 markers provided useful barcodes for species delimitation in this genus, while LSU provided more variable resolution among the pertinent species. We discuss typification issues and identify molecular characteristics for 55 European Helvella species, designate neo- and epitypes for 30 species, and describe seven Helvella species new to science, i.e., H. alpicola, H. alpina, H. carnosa, H. danica, H. nannfeldtii, H. pubescens and H.
    [Show full text]
  • Gyromitrin Poisoning: More Questions Than Answers
    Gyromitrin poisoning: more questions than answers Denis R. Benjamin, MD some dedicated mycophagist, who had Many of these clues to the toxin never eaten the mushroom for many years made any coherent sense, even though it “It is perhaps ironic for a mushroom, without any ill effects, would suddenly was known for some years that the toxins Gyromitra esculenta, whose very name and unaccountably take ill. This too could be destroyed by cooking.” (From means edible, to be so poisonous under was passed off as the development of an Benjamin, 1995.) certain circumstances. Surprisingly, allergy in the unfortunate individual, the toxins were only characterized as that the mushrooms had been mistaken ll the enigmas related to this recently as 1968. A number of factors for a poisonous variety, or a rotten toxin remain unresolved. The conspired against the investigators of this batch had been eaten. To compound the current literature merely repeats mushroom poison (Lincoff and Mitchel, difficulties, Gyromitra esculenta caused Awhat was published before 1990. A 1977). The first was the observation that many poisonings in Europe, while in the deluge of “cut and paste.” No meaningful only a few of the participants eating the western USA, the seemingly identical research has been done in the past same quantity of the same mushroom species appeared largely harmless. All three decades. This is due to a number would become ill. Because of this, the sorts of explanations were proposed of factors. The first was the demise of poisoning was immediately ascribed to to explain this discrepancy, including academic pharmacognosy departments, ‘allergy’ or ‘individual idiosyncrasy.’ The such fanciful ones as suggesting that responsible for investigating the biology next problematic observation was that Americans cook their vegetables better.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • SP412 Color Update.P65
    BULLETIN OF THE PUGET SOUND MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY Number 412 May 2005 TRADITIONAL REMEDY GOES UNDERGROUND doing my best to keep up the society’s traditions, such as main- Phuket Gazette via Denny Bowman taining our library. In my first year I found these two goals somewhat challenging, AMNAT CHAROEN - A woman in this northeastern province of Thailand was the latest to take a controversial folk remedy to cure partly because of vocal suggestions that PSMS should sell our microscopes and give away our library. In the makeup of the cur- herself of the effects of some poisonous mushrooms she gathered rent board I see a deep-seated interest in amateur science and and ate. upholding the club’s traditions. She was recently pictured on the front page of a Thai-language Many of us, though, as pot hunters, just like to hang out together newspaper buried up to her neck, mouth agape, as she underwent the treatment. Before she was buried, villagers stripped copper and eat. Almost a quarter of our membership attended the Survivor’s Banquet in March and did just that. Yum. filaments from electrical cables and ground them up in a mortar. The metal was then mixed with a variety of herbs and given to the I confess that my interests are in the ecological and scientific realm. woman, who ate the concoction. She was then buried, which the One of my dreams is to help initiate a permanent display for the villagers believe allows the surrounding soil to absorb the toxins annual exhibit dealing with conservation and ecology.
    [Show full text]