Persons 45 000 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Persons 0 40 000 Sweden 45 000 Persons Other 000 45 Estonian 40 000 10 000 10 South, Central ja West Asian EU-countries of Rest 000 40 Other Other 30 000 Southeast and East Asian Union Soviet Former Persons South, Central ja West Asian South, Central ja West Asian West ja Central South, 45 000 Rest of Africa Russian 30 000 Southeast and East Asian Southeast and East Asian East and Southeast 000 30 000 20 Somali Somali Rest of Africa 4020 000 Africa of Rest OtherRussian Africa of Rest Somali Somali 20 000 Southeast and East Asian East and Southeast Former Soviet Union City of Helsinki Urban Facts 000 30 South, Central ja West Asian 000 20 Russian Russian 3/2013 3010 000 SoutheastRest of EU-countries and East Asian Asian West ja Central South, Former Soviet Union Estonian Union Soviet Former Rest 3/2013 of Africa Other 10 000 Rest of EU-countries Persons EU-countries of Rest 000 40 SomaliSweden 000 10 Estonian 4520 0000 Estonian 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Russian 000 45 Sweden 40 000 Sweden 0 Persons Former Soviet Union 0 Other ASTA MANNINEN: 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 10 000 Rest of EU-countries South, Central ja West AsianHelsinki in 2013 – recent trends and new development 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Persons Estonian 4530 000 Southeast and East Asian VILLE MELONI: Sweden A transparent city Persons Rest of Africa 40 0000 45 0001985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 OtherSomali PEKKA VUORI: 20 000 Development of young population groups in Helsinki HELSINKI 40 000 South,Russian Central ja West Asian CITY OF HELSINKI URBAN FACTS Persons Other TUULA JORONEN: 30 000 SoutheastFormer Soviet and UnionEast Asian Exclusion from work and studies Dynamic and expanding 000 45 – a problem for first generation immigrants Persons RestSouth, of CentralEU-countries ja West Asian 10 000 Rest of Africa metropolis 000 45 000 40 30 000 Southeast and East Asian HEIKKI HELIN: SomaliEstonian The economy of Helsinki: Basic services consume city budgets 20Persons 000 Rest of Africa Other 000 40 RussianSweden Other 45 0000 Somali SEPPO LAAKSO & EEva KOSTIAINEN: Asian West ja OPENCentral South, DATA 000 30 Former Soviet Union Divergent regional economies in Europe 20 0001985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Asian West ja Central South, 40 000 Russian Asian East and Southeast Rest of EU-countries MARTTI TUOMINEN, HENRIK LÖNNQVIST, TEEMU KEMPPAINEN: Apps give insights 10 000 ▶ Other Asian East and Southeast Persons 000 30 EstonianFormer Soviet Union Perceived insecurity in Helsinki is spatially concentrated HELSINKI QUARTERLY Africa of Rest – explaining the area differences Africa of Rest to local governance000 45 000 20 10 000 RestSouth, of CentralEU-countries ja West Asian Somali Sweden Somali 30 0000 EstonianSoutheast and East Asian MIKA HELIN: Russian 000 40 Legal graffiti in Helsinki Other 000 20 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Russian SwedenRest of Africa Union Soviet Former 000 10 0 MATTI KLINGE: Asian West ja Central Union South, Soviet Former GRAFFITI Somali Helsinki as a capital city EU-countries of Rest 20 000 000 30 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Asian East and Southeast EU-countries of 3 / 2013 Rest Not just a subculture anymore000 10 Russian Estonian PETER CLARK: Africa of Rest Estonian Former Soviet Union Cities in a globalizing world Sweden 0 Somali Sweden 2010 2005 2000 1995 1990 1985 10 000 Rest of EU-countries 000 20 Russian 0 Estonian 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Former Soviet Union Soviet Former Sweden 0 EU-countries of Rest 000 10 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Estonian Sweden 0 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 Contents ASTA MANNINEN: 2 Helsinki in 2013 – recent trends and new developments VILLE MELONI: 17 A transparent city PEKKA VUORI: 26 Development of young population groups in Helsinki TUULA JORONEN: 32 Exclusion from work and studies – a problem for first generation immigrants HEIKKI HELIN: 40 The economy of Helsinki: Basic services consume city budgets SEPPO LaaKSO & EEva KOSTIAINEN: 48 Divergent regional economies in Europe maRTTI TUOMINEN, HENRIK LÖNNQVIST, TEEMU KEmppaINEN: 56 Perceived insecurity in Helsinki is spatially concentrated – explaining the area differences MIKA HELIN: 64 Legal graffiti in Helsinki MATTI KLINGE: 76 Helsinki as a capital city PETER CLARK: 82 Cities in a globalizing world 3/2013 Quarterly | 1 ▶ THE KALASATAMA DISTRICT will be built into a model district of smart urban development, making use of open data and testing EDITORIAL ideas together with the residents and those working in the area. –Photo: Jarmo Roiko-Jokela HELSINKI in 2013 – recent trends and new developments 2 | Quarterly 3/2013 3/2013 Quarterly | 3 updated City of Helsinki Statistics and Research Programme will take us through 2015. The Metropolitan Region Urban Research and Cooperation Programme (KatuMetro), in which Helsinki participates together with the other cities and universities of the region, as well as government ministries, is to enter a new phase as its current programme period comes to an end in 2014. A third guiding document important to mention here is the new Helsinki City Strategy Programme, adopted by the City Council in April and embracing the term of the current council (2013–2016). The five priority areas, each containing a number of objectives endorsed by the City Council, are: wellbeing for all residents; dynamic city; liveable and functional city; well-balanced economy and good management; and innovations in the field of democracy and participation. The implementation of the strategy programme also entails new demand for information and knowledge to assist the decision-making. For instance, welfare and health differences will be monitored more closely than before. Population projections, which are carried out annually by Urban Facts for Helsinki, its sub-districts and the metropolitan region, will increase in importance as the city strives to further improve the efficiency JARMO ROIKO-JOKELA of its service provision. ▶ AN UNDERGROUND PIPE NETWORK, RÖÖRI, will transport domestic waste in the new district of Jätkäsaari into a collecting station. There will be less garbage truck traffic, and the urban environment will remain hygienic and safe. ALA ARKKITEHDIT / HELSINGIN KAUPUNKISUUNNITTELUVIRASTO L A HERE IS A CONSTANT DEMAND FOR COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION and knowledge in running and developing a city. It is important to have accurate, ITORI timely and relevant data, statistics and research available on a number of urban D E T phenomena, as well as on new issues affecting cities. The City of Helsinki Urban Facts is a city department whose main tasks are, on the one hand, to provide data, information and also a deeper understanding about topics of priority to the city; and to acquire insights into new trends and challenges facing the city, on the other. Topics of statistics and research include population and demography, housing and environment, democracy and inclusion, welfare and services, urban culture, and economy and competitiveness. Small area statistics, neighbourhood statistics and geospatial analyses are at the core of activities at the City of Helsinki Urban Facts. Information on citizens' perceptions also increasingly forms a part of the research agenda. Of vital importance in acquiring new insights and knowledge about cities and their functional urban regions is the close cooperation of Urban Facts with universities and research institutions in our region. Participation in comparative urban research contributes significantly to an understanding of the dynamics, opportunities and diversity that explain and inform the development of cities – across time, continents and cultures. We are currently in the process of reviewing both the statistics and research programme of ▶ KALASATAMA will be a compact urban milieu close to the maritime nature. The residential project “Tropaion” will the City of Helsinki and the joint Metropolitan Region Urban and Research Programme. The consist of five perimeter blocks of varying height covered with roof terraces on the top flats. 4 | Quarterly 3/2013 3/2013 Quarterly | 5 When strategies and programmes are prepared and implemented, the operational ▶ DIFFERENTIATION OF NEIGHBOURHOODS IS paRT OF THE DEVELOPMENT environment must be monitored closely. The main trends concerning the city of OF majOR CITIES. Helsinki and all Finland experienced in the early 1990s a Helsinki and its operational environment include the following. recession that was the worst since the Second World War. Since then, socioeconomic differentiation and also spatial differences in terms of income, unemployment ▶ A GROWING POPULATION. Helsinki and the Helsinki Region are growing. The and education began to slightly grow. Sub-city level disparities are a part of the city of Helsinki is growing particularly rapidly, with 100,000 new residents expected development of all major cities, but empirical findings indicate that these differences during the next 20 years. One factor explaining the growth is the fast pace in which in Helsinki remain modest in international comparison. Helsinki aims to construct new neighbourhoods – and also a considerable number of new homes – in the forthcoming years. At the same time, net in-migration from ▶ RESIDENTS OF HELSINKI ARE SATISFIED WITH SOCIAL, HEALTH AND the rest of Finland has increased. In recent years the natural population growth has EDUcaTIONAL SERVICES. Helsinki's comprehensive and universally available also remained at a relatively high level. services and well-functioning infrastructure have helped to keep the socioeconomic differences and spatial social differences at a modest level. Residents' satisfaction ▶ THE POPULATION STRUCTURE REmaINS YOUNG. The number of children with the public services has been measured in national four-yearly Public Services and young people is growing. The working age population is also growing, though Satisfaction Surveys since 1983. The findings of the 2012 survey in Helsinki indicate the share is diminishing with time. The population is ageing, but not as fast as in that service satisfaction has remained at a high level for two successive four-year Finland on the whole.