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Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Cnestis Ferruginea on the Histological Structure of Female Rat Ovary and Uterine Horns

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Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Cnestis Ferruginea on the Histological Structure of Female Rat Ovary and Uterine Horns Volume 2- Issue 1 : 2018 DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.02.000625 Zougrou N’guessan Ernest. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res ISSN: 2574-1241 Research Article Open Access Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Cnestis Ferruginea on the Histological Structure of Female Rat Ovary and Uterine Horns Zougrou N’guessan Ernest, Blahi Adélaïde Nadia, Kouassi Komenan Daouda and Kouakou Koffi Department of Bioscience, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Africa Received: December 18, 2017; Published: January 03, 2018 *Corresponding author: Zougrou N’guessan Ernest, Department of Bioscience, Biology of Reproduction and Endocrinology Laboratory, University Félix Houphouët-Boigny Abidjan, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire, Africa; Email: Abstract Cnestis ferruginea (Connaraceae) is a plant used in the treatment of several affections including “sterility” and increased fertility. This work aims to show the pharmacological effects of the aqueous extract of Cnestis ferruginea on the ovary and uterine horn of adult female rats. Thirty- six adult female rats were randomized into 2 sets of 18 each and treated for 15 (set I) and 30 days (set II). Each set was then divided equally into three groups. Group 1 (control) was orally administered with distilled water once a day. Group 2 and group 3 were respectively treated with 50 (AECF50) and 100 mg/kg (AECF100) body weight of aqueous extract of C. ferruginea orally once a day. 24 hours after the last doses, the Cnestis ferruginea . After 30 days rats of each group are sacrificed. The ovary and uterus of each rat are removed and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for histological100 study. induced a significant (p <0.05) increase in the number of corpus luteum after 15 days of treatment with AECF of treatment, the number of corpus luteum increased significantly (p <0.05) with both doses administered. Both doses also induced significant increases (p <0.05) with100 the two treatment durations, the number of De Graaf follicles. The number of tertiary follicles increased significantly (p <0.05) with AECF after 15 days of treatment. The duration of 30 days allowed recording a significant increase in the number of tertiary follicles with the two doses administered. The other follicles experienced significant increases with AECF100 after 30 days of treatment. For uterine horns, lumen diameters of uterine horns and uterine glands increased significantly (p <0.05) with both doses administered and both100 ofdurations treatment. of treatment. In conclusion, The C.thickness ferruginea of thestimulates endometrial folliculogenesis and the size and of induces the epithelial ovulation cells in increased the ovary. significantly On the uterine (p <0.05)horn, this with plant AECF has estrogenicafter 15 days properties. of treatment. These latter parameters experienced significant increases with both doses administered at the end of 30 days Keywords: Cnestis ferruginea; Ovary; Uterine horn; Ovulation; Estrogenic Introduction effects of the aqueous extract of on the ovary and Man has been using medicinal plants to treat diseases for Cnestis ferruginea uterine horn of adult female rats. millennia. According to estimates, more than two-thirds of the world’s plant species are of medicinal value. WHO estimates that Materials and Methods about 80% of people living in developing countries depend on Plant Material traditional medicine for their primary health care needs? About 50 to 60% of pharmaceuticals are of natural origin or are synthesized Fresh leaves of Cnestis ferruginea were harvested in November from natural products [1,2]. However, there are still many plants in the Region of Nawa, Department of Soubré, precisely in the for which the mode of action, the biological targets and the side village named Trawininkro (V8) (Côte d’Ivoire). A sample of this effects of the molecules are not yet elucidated. Yet, they are used by a large part of the population to heal themselves. This exposes them plant has been identified and authenticated by Professor Aké-Assi to serious and sometimes irreversible damage. It is then necessary Houphouët-Boigny. at the Laboratory of Botany and Plant Biology of Université Félix to carry out pharmacological research to study the effectiveness of Preparation of Extract these plants used in traditional medicine. It is in this context that the Harvested leaves have been rinsed with distilled water, dried plant species Cnestis ferruginea (Connaraceae) a plant used in the in the shade (sheltered from the sun) at an ambient temperature treatment of several affections including “sterility” and increased (24±2 °C). The dried leaves were crushed with a power mill (IKA fertility according Tra Bi [3] and N’guessan et al. [4], caught our A10 Labortechnik, Germany) to obtain a powder. The powder attention in this study. This work aims to show the pharmacological Cite this article: Zougrou N’guessan E, Blahi A N, Kouakou K, Kouassi K D. Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Cnestis Ferruginea on the Histological Structure of Female Rat Ovary and Uterine Horns. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res 2(1)- 2018. BJSTR. MS.ID.000625. DOI : 10.26717/BJSTR.2018.02.000625 2073 Zougrou N’guessan Ernest. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res Volume 2- Issue 1 : 2018 obtained has been macerated by mixing 50g and 1.5L of distilled extract of C. ferruginea orally once a day. 24 hours after the last water and stirred for 24 hours by a magnetic stirrer (Janke & doses, the rats of each group are sacrificed. The ovary and uterus of Kuntelika Labortechnik, Germany). After three times filtration on eachHistological rat are removed Study and immediately fixed in 10% formalin. an air circulating oven at 50 °C until total dryness. The aqueous Whatman filter paper number 1, the filtrate was concentrated in extract obtained has been stored at 4 °C in a refrigerator for the 10% were dehydrated in an ascending grade of (ethanol), cleared in experimental studies. The uterus and ovary harvested and fixed in Formaldehyde Animal Material thick were obtained using a rotatory microtome (Leica RM2125 toluene and embedded in paraffin wax. Serial sections of 5 microns Adult female rats, (Rattus norvegicus, Muridae), Wistar strain, virgin, weighing between 130-150 g and aged 55-65 days are from stained routinely with Harris haematoxylene and eosin (H & RTS, Allemagne). The deparaffinised sections of the organs were the animal facility of ENS (Ecole Normale Suppérieure). These rats E) stain. The analysis of the sections was done using a tri-ocular have been used for this study of the aqueous extract of C. ferruginea. They were raised in stable temperature room (24±2°C). In these to a computer. Imaging and image analysis were done using the photonic microscope (Olympus CK41SF, Philippine) connected premises, the photoperiod was 12 hours and 50-55% humidity. The Videomet software version 8.0.9 (France). animals were fed add libitum Statistical Analysis Experimental Design water, bread, fish, corn and peanuts. The data and graphical representation of the data was Thirty-six adult female rats were randomly distributed into 2 sets of 18 animals each and treated for 15 (set I) and 30 days (set USA). The experimental results were expressed as Mean±SEM and performed using the Graph Pad Prism 5.01 software (Microsoft, II). Each set was then divided equally into three groups and treated data were assessed by the method of analysis of one-way ANOVA as follows: Group 1 (control) was orally administered with distilled water once a day. Group 2 and group 3 were respectively treated followed by Tukey test with least significant test. P value <0.05 was with 50 (AECF ) and 100 mg/kg (EACF ) body weight of aqueous 50 100 considered significant, P value <0.01 considered highly significant Result and P value <0.001 considered very highly significant. Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Cnestis ferruginea on Ovarian Organelles Figure 1: Ovary micrograph of control and treated rats with Cnestis ferruginea at 15 and 30 days A1: Control (15 days). A2: Treated 50 mg/kg BW (15 days), A3: Treated 100 mg/kg BW (15 days), B1: Control (30 days), B2: Treated 50 mg/kg BW (30 days), B3: Treated 100 mg/kg BW (30 days) A: Antrum; FC: Follicular cells; C: Corpus luteum; CR: Corona radiata; DGF: De Graaf’s follicle; PF: Primary follicle; PmF: primordial follicle; SF: Secondary follicle; TF: tertiary follicle; O: Oocyte; DF: Dehiscent follicle; OS: Ovarian stroma; ET: External theca; IT: Internal theca; BV: Blood vessel Submission Link: http://biomedres.us/submit-manuscript.php 2074 Zougrou N’guessan Ernest. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res Volume 2- Issue 1 : 2018 Table 1: Effect of Cnestis ferruginea on ovarian organelles after 15 (set I) and 30 (set II) days of treatment. 15 Days 30 Days Follicle Control AECF50 AECF100 Control AECF50 AECF100 corpus luteum 8,33±0,56 11,33±1,09 12,17±0,95* 9,67±0,96 14,67±1,33* 14,17±1,30* De Graaf’s follicles 2,33±0,42 5,16±0,87* 6,17±0,83** 3,17±0,70 6,67±0,99* 7,83±0,87** tertiary follicles 2,67±0,56 5,50±0,87 6,17±0,89* 3,33±0,72 6,50±0,89* 7,17±0,87* Secondary follicles 4,16±0,60 7,33±0,76* 7,50±0,85* 4,83±0,95 8,83±0,87* 8,33±0,76* Other follicles 24,83±1,91 26,67±2,11 29,50±1,86 23,17±1,96 28,33±1,63 31,50±2,90* Note: Values are means ± SEM (n=6); *= p<0.05; **= p<0.01. Control: Distilled water, AECF50: Aqueous Extract of C. freruginea (50mg/ kg of body weight), AECF100: Aqueous Extract of C. freruginea (100mg/kg of body weight).
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