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Memoir-29.Pdf LIBRM'.Y I -<\,I Frontispiece. PLAn~ I. ~ 0 ....Ni F?'ont a model by D. B. Doiclin{J. R elief map of the country between the Foothills and Lake \Vinnipeg. W ooded country shndecl. OANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Hon. ROBERT ROGERS, MINISTER; A. p . Low' DEPUTY MINISTER ' R. w. BROC K, DIRECTOR. ME~IOIR No. 29-E · OIL AND GAS PROSPECTS O\o' TllE NORTHV\TEST PROVINCES . CANADA BY WYAT 'l' l\fALCOT,M OTTAWA GOVERNMENT PRINTING BUREAU 1913 No. I 2"20 22012- 1 • To R. W. BROCii:, Esq., Director Geological Sune ~-. Department of ~fin es. Sm,-I beg to submit the following memoir on the Oil and Gas Prospects of the Northwest Provinces of Canada. I have the honour to be, sir, Your obedient servant, Wyatt Malcolm. Ill 22012--ll ~ . CONTENTS . PAGE . I ntroduction . ...................... .... .... .........•.. ......• . ... .. 1 General statement .............. .. .• . ... .. .. .. ~ . .... Location and area ........•..... ......... .. .. .... .. .. ... ... l Bib!iography .............. , . .. .. ..... · ..... ... · · ·. · · 2 Summary and conclusions ............. .. ........... .. .. .... ...... 5 General character of the d istrict. ... .. .. .. ..... .. .. ............ 6 'l'opography . .. .. ... ... .... ..... · .. 6 Communication . .• . .. .. ........ .. 8 Commercial possibilities .... .• . ... ...... .. ... .... ....... .. .. 9 Gener al geology .................. •.. .... .. .. .... ........... .... 10 Gener al statement ......... .. ... ... ...... ..... .. ... .. .. ... 10 Descr iption -0f formations .. .... ...... .. .. .... ............ 11 Cambrian .............. ... ..... ·· .. .......... .. .. 11 Bow River ser ies . .... ........ ... ...... .. .. .... 13 Castle Mount ain group . .. .... .. .. ........ .. .. 14 Ordovician . .• . .. .. .. ... .. ... ........ · .. 16 The Graptolitic shales .... .. ... .... ........ ..... .......... 16 Ordovician of Manitoba and Saskatchewan . .... .. .. 16 Silurian ............... .. ... .. ... .... .... ... .... ... 20 The Halysites beds .. ..• . .. .. .. ..... ..... ........ .... 20 Niagara ......... ... .. .. ... ........ .. ·· . · · · · · · · · · 20 Devonian ............. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. ........... 21 'l'he Intermediate series . .. ...... .... .. ... .. .... .... 21 Devonian in Manitoba . .. .. ...... .. .. 22 Devonian in Alberta ........ ... .... .... .. ... .. .. .. ... 24 Carboniferous. Permian, and Triassic .... ... .. .... ... .... 25 J urassic . .. · . · · · · · · · ·. · · · · · · · .. · · · · · · · · 2B Cretaceous . • . .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · · · · · · · · · 29 Kootanie . .... ...... ............ .... .. .... ... ....... 33 Dakota .... ........... ... ..... .. ........ ........ · . ... 33 Benton ............ ..... .. .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 37 Niobrar a ...... ..... ...... .. .... ... .. .......... .. .. SB Eagle .... ........... ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · 39 Claggett . .. ... .... ... · ·. · · · · . · ..... .. 39 Belly River ................... ... ... .. ......... .... .. 40 Bearpaw ......... .. .. · · · ..... · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · 42 P ierre in Manitoba . ... .... .... .... ... ..... .. 44 Cretaceous of the Bighorn coal basin . ... ... ....... .. ....... 45 Cret aceous of the P eace and Athabaska River d istricts .. ..... 46 Montana . ............ .. .. ..... ....... .... ·· · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · 46 Colorado ........ , . .. ..... .... ..... 47 Lar amie ...... ... .... .... .. .. ....... .. .. ... ............. 48 Edmonton ......•........ .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. .. ... .. 49 PasJrapoo 49 v vi GEOLOCHC.\L Sl'RVEY. C.\XAD.\ Genieral Ge-O<logy-Continued. PAGE. Dei>criP'tion of formations-Continued. Tertiary . .. .. .. .. 50 Oligocene . .. .. .. 50 Pliocene . .. .. .. iiO Plei£tocene and Recent . 51 Structural geology . .. 51 Historical geology . .. .. 53 Economic geology . .. .. .. .. 56 General statement . .. .. ... • 5G Athabaska River district . .. .. .. 56 The Mackenzie ,·a lle:v- . .. .. GO Southern Alberta . .. .. .. .. .. 61 Pincher Creek district . .. .. .. 6 ~ Saskatchewan and :\Iauitoba . .. .. .. G6 Logs . .. .. .. .. 67 Index . .. .. .. .. 95 List of Geological .. uney Publication- of Economic Interest. ILLUSTRATIONS. Photographs. PAOE. PLATE I. Relief map of the country between the foot-hills and Lake Winnipeg .................. ............. FROXTISPIECE. II. Belly River series capped by the Bearpaw......... ..... 40 III. Coal mine near Medicine Hat............................ 42 IV. Nodules in Grand Rapids sandstone....... .. ...... .. ... 48 V. Edmonton series . .. .. 50 VI. Paskapoo sandstone . .. 50 VII. Oligocene conglomerate . .. .. 50 VIII. Pincher creek. The disturbed belt...................... 52 IX. Tar sands, Athabaska river .. .. .. .. .. 58 Drazcings. Fm. 1. Diagram showing position of gas fields, and of oil indica- tions .. .................... · .. · · ·. · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 62 2. Diagram showing position of wells 68 Map. Map No. 1221 (55A). Geological map of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba . .. .. .... ...... END. OIL AND GAS PROSPECTS OP THE NORTHWEST PROVINCES OF CANADA. BY Wyatt Malcolm. INTRODUCTION. General Statement. This memoir is a compilation of ill-formation obtained in great part from the reports of Canadian geologists. The object is to lay before the public what is known regarding the oil and ga.s possibili­ ties of the northwestern provinces of Canada. To this end it was thought advisable to present in a concise form the geological condi­ tions to be met, and for the benefit of those who are interested in boring operations stress is laid on the lithology and thickness of the different geological formations. Logs of wells of different localities are also given, and evidence bearing on gas and oil production and possibilities is presented. The author is indebted to D. B. Dowling for reading the manu­ script and for helpful criticism. Location and Area. The area to be desc_ribed embraces nearly the whole of the Provinces of :Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta. It is that part of tne northwest bounded by the 49th parallel on the south, the Rocky rr:ountains on the west, Peace river on the north, J,ake Winni­ peg on the east, and a line joining Lakes Winnipeg and Athabaska Dn the northeast. 2 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, CANADA Bibliography. The most important reports and papers consulted in the prepara­ tion of this memoir are:- 1877. Selwyn, A. R. C. Report on Exploration in British Columbia. Appendix I. Geological and topographical notes by Professor Macoun on the Lower Peace and Athabaska Rivers. Geological Survey, Canada, Report of Progress, 1875-76, 87-95. 1881. Dawson, G. llI. Report on an Exploration from Port Simpson on the Pacific Coast to Edmonton on the Saskatchewan, embrac­ ing a Portion of the Northern Part of British Columbia and the Peace River Country. Geological Survey, Canada, Report of Progress, 1879-80, B, 1-177. Selwyn, A. R. C. Report on Boring Operations in the Souris RiYer Valley. Geological Survey, Canada, R eport of Progress, 1879- 0, A, 1-11. Da\\'son, G. M. On the Lignite Tertiary from the Souris RiYer to the 108th Meridian. Geological Survey, Canada, Report of Progress, 1879-80, A, 12-49. 1883. Dawson, G. J\I. Preliminary Report on the Geology of the Bow and Belly River Region, North West Territory, with Special Reference to Coal Deposits. Geological Survey, Canada, Report of Progress, 1880-81-82, B, 1-23. 1884. Dawson, G. :M:. Report on the Region in the Yicinity of Bow and Belly Rivers, North West Territory. Geological Survey, Canada, Report of Progress, 1882-83-84, C, 1-168. Bell, Robt. Report on Part of the Basin of the Athabaska Ri,·er, North West Territory. Geological Survey, Canada, Report of Progress, 1882-83-84, CC, 1-37. 1885. :?ilcConnell, R. G. Report on the Cypress Hills, Wood :Moun­ tain and Adjacent Country. Geological Survey, Canada, Vol. I, 1885, C, 1-85. 188.6. Dawson, G. M. Physical and Geological Features of that Portion of the Rocky ]\fountains between Latitudes 49° and 51° 3or. Geological Suney, Canada, Annual Report, Vol. I, 1885, B, 1-169. on AND GAS, NORTHWEST PROVINCES 3 1887. Dawson, G. 1.L On Certain Borings in Manitoba and the North Wet Territory. Proc. and Trans. Royal Society, Canada, for the year 1886, Vol. IV, Sec. IV, 85-99. :McConnell, R. G. Report on the Geological Structure of a Portion of the Rocky Mountains. Geological Survey, Canada, Vol. II, 1886, D, 1-41. Tyrrell, J. B. Report on a Part of Northern Alberta, and Portions of Adjacent Districts of Assiniboia and Saskatchewan. Geological Survey, Canada, Vol. II, 1886, E, 1-176. 1890. Tyrrell, J. B. The Cretaceous of Manitoba. American Journal Science, XL, 1890, 227-232. 1 92. Tyrrell, J. B. Three Deep Wells in Manitoba. Proc. and Trans. Royal Society Canada, for the year 1891, Vol. IX, Sec. IV, 91-104. Tyrrell, J. B. Report on Northwestern Manitoba with portions of the Adjacent Districts of A.ssiniboia and askatchewan. Geological Survey, Canada, Vol. V, 1890-91, E, 1-235. 1::-93. :McConnell, R. G. Report on a Portion of the District of Athabaska. Geological Survey, Canada, Vol. V, 1890-91, D, 1-67. 1895-1900. Details regarding boring operations at A.thabaska Land­ ing, Victoria and Pelican River. Geological Survey, Canada, Summary Reports for the years 1894-1899. 1 96. Tyrrell, J. B. Report on the Country between Athabaska Lake and Churchill River. Geological Survey, Canada, Vol. VIII, 1895, D, 120 pp. McConnell, R. G. Report on an Exploration
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