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Universidade Estadual De Campinas Instituto De Geociências UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS RODRIGO DIOGO TEIXEIRA O ESTADO E AS EMPRESAS MULTINACIONAIS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO PRODUTIVO E TECNOLÓGICO DA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA CHINESA CAMPINAS 2015 i NÚMERO: 338/2015 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS RODRIGO DIOGO TEIXEIRA “O ESTADO E AS EMPRESAS MULTINACIONAIS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO PRODUTIVO E TECNOLÓGICO DA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA CHINESA” ORIENTADOR: PROF. DR. SÉRGIO ROBLES REIS DE QUEIROZ COOORIENTADORA: PROFA. DRA. FLÁVIA LUCIANE CONSONI DE MELLO DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO APRESENTADA AO INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS DA UNICAMP PARA OBTENÇÃO DO TÍTULO DE MESTRE EM POLÍTICA CIÊNTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA ESTE EXEMPLAR CORRESPONDE À VERSÃO FINAL DA DISSERTAÇÃO DEFENDIDA PELO ALUNO RODRIGO D. TEIXEIRA E ORIENTADO PELO PROF. DR. SÉRGIO ROBLES REIS DE QUEIROZ CAMPINAS 2015 ii Agência de fomento: CNPq Nº processo: 131054/2011-2 Ficha catalográfica Universidade Estadual de Campinas Biblioteca do Instituto de Geociências Márcia A. Schenfel Baena - CRB 8/3655 Teixeira, Rodrigo Diogo, 1983- T235e TeiO estado e as empresas multinacionais no desenvolvimento produtivo e tecnológico da indústria automobilística chinesa / Rodrigo Diogo Teixeira. – Campinas, SP : [s.n.], 2015. TeiOrientador: Sérgio Robles Reis de Queiroz. TeiCoorientador: Flávia Luciene Consoni. TeiDissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências. Tei1. Capacitação tecnológica. 2. Política industrial. 3. Desenvolvimento regional. 4. Inovação tecnológica. 5. Indústria automobilística - China. I. Queiroz, Sérgio Robles Reis de,1956-. II. Consoni, Flávia Luciene,1973-. III. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Geociências. IV. Título. Informações para Biblioteca Digital Título em outro idioma: The state and multinational companies in productive and technological development of chinese automobile industry Palavras-chave em inglês: Technology capabilities Industrial policy Regional development Technological innovation Automotive industry - China Área de concentração: Política Científica e Tecnológica Titulação: Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica Banca examinadora: Sérgio Robles Reis de Queiroz [Orientador] Leda Maria Caira Gitahy Roberto Carlos Bernardes Flávia Luciene Consoni Data de defesa: 23-06-2015 Programa de Pós-Graduação: Política Científica e Tecnológica Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Dedico esta obra ao Deus que me deu esta vida d’aqui v Eu quero aqui deixar meus agradecimentos a meu orientador Doutor Sérgio Reis Robles de Queiroz, pelo cuidado e empenho sobre minha escrita e redação desta obra. Aprendi muito no tempo que durou o meu mestrado no Departamento de Política Cientifica e Tecnológica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, a minha rede de relacionamento aumentou substancialmente em qualidade pelo nível das pessoas que chamo hoje de amigos e amigas. Meu obrigado e muitos votos de sucesso superior a meus amigos, que participaram da minha banca de Defesa, realizada em 23 de junho de 2015, na sala do DGRN, Professor Doutor Roberto Carlos Bernardes e a Doutora Leda Gitahi, pelas excelentes falas sobre meu trabalho, que me encheram de luz para reformular conceitos e chegar o mais próximo possível da maturidade, teleios, também traduzido para nós, como perfeição. Somente o treino sem cessar pode me trazer um dia este nível. A minha querida amiga Doutora Flávia Consoni minha Co- orientadora não tenho adjetivos para qualificar sua imensa contribuição e bondade para com meu estudo e meu trabalho ora a serem honrados com um lugar dentre tantas teses e dissertações depositadas na Biblioteca do Instituto de Geociências da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, muito obrigado Flávia minha história tem seu nome para sempre. Agradeço a companhia de meus amigos e amigas dentro do campus da UNICAMP pela compreensão em minhas diferenças. Muito obrigado a todos Professores do IG. Aos funcionários. Eu estou feliz por tê-los um dia conhecido e vivenciado experiências que acrescentaram muito de aprendizado em meus estudos. Agradeço minha mãe, Divani Silva. Minha tia Maria da Graça, minha vó a Senhora ‘Maria Lavadeira de roupas’ mais comumente conhecida por este trato onde moramos na cidade de Cotia, Grande São Paulo, a Donna Maria de Oliveira Silva que já está na verdadeira vida, pela ajuda incondicional mesmo sem ter. Agradeço a quem me criticou também pois foram instrumentos da criação para me ajudar a provar meu valor, na atividade que exerço hoje na docência no Ensino Superior de meu amado País. Bem todas coisas concorrem para o bem daqueles que se esforçam... vi O amor é a maior virtude do Nosso Criador A Vida é como um livro que vai sendo escrito aos poucos. Cada dia se escreve uma nova página... Um novo capítulo. Tomara que nas próximas páginas do livro das nossas vidas, A palavra FELICIDADE Seja escrita e reescrita várias e várias vezes. Parabéns pelo seu aniversário! vii UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS INSTITUTO DE GEOCIÊNCIAS O ESTADO E AS EMPRESAS MULTINACIONAIS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO PRODUTIVO E TECNOLÓGICO DA INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOBILÍSTICA CHINESA RESUMO Dissertação de Mestrado Rodrigo Diogo Teixeira Este trabalho se mostra importante colaboração na gestão publica da inovação tecnológica setorial para os Países em desenvolvimento que desejam industrias competitivas de alta intensidade de P&D, em produtos e processos de produção que aumentam a lucratividade, devido ao alto valor agregado da pauta de exportação, no ativo comercio internacional, como acontece nos países desenvolvidos. Aqui está registrada a formação da indústria automobilística chinesa, as politicas publicas do Estado centralizador chinês, avanços institucionais na visão deste planejador, que abarca as empresas multinacionais, como propulsoras do processo de aprendizagem para capacitação das empresas chinesas deste setor. Nossa metodologia de pesquisa foi empírica, descritiva e exploratória, com levantamento de dados primários e uso de fontes secundárias. Todos os dados após serem tabulados em planilhas Excel foram tratados com o uso da estatística descritiva. Concluímos na nossa avaliação que o desenvolvimento das capacidades de aprendizagem institucional fundamentou a evolução vista nos anos de 1990 das capacidades produtivas e tecnológicas nas montadoras chinesas. Além disso as relações em Joint Ventures Internacionais (JVIs) elevou os níveis de aprendizagem das firmas nesses conjuntos de capacidades observadas. Os efeitos de transbordamento causados pelo dinâmico processo da aprendizagem das firmas promoveram rápida capacitação para inovar nas empresas independentes de capital privado que vieram após a política de 1994. Como consequência, as EMNs e o Estado ampliaram a vantagem competitiva da indústria de automóveis chinesa, sendo que as empresas estrangeiras foram muito importantes na transferência da tecnologia avançada para suas parceiras chinesas estatais, por meio das variadas JVIs, para a construção do ambiente inovador e a difusão da inovação tecnológica nas montadoras das regiões sedes do setor. Além disso, alocando recursos na direção de promover a interação produtiva, elevando os níveis de desenvolvimento regional e a relação entre universidade-empresa, realizando a intermediação de P&D das montadoras chinesas com a esfera acadêmica e a alocação de pesquisadores na indústria. Palavras chaves: Indústria automobilística. China. Capacidades tecnológicas. viii UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS INSTITUTE OF GEOSCIENCE THE STATE AND THE MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES PRODUCTIVE AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA’S AUTOMOBILE SECTOR ABSTRACT Masters Degree Rodrigo Diogo Teixeira This work shows the development of technological capabilities of China's automobile industry. Here we evaluated the current situation of the development of capabilities related to production, carrying out own technological development and learning skills via public policies for the sector within the state and the use of social institutions such as universities and others. The methodology used in this study is a qualitative and descriptive research with use of secondary data and international research experience in the sector, as well as information collected from a range of R & D institutes of the international auto industry, but specifically the Fourin agency we provided data on the Chinese auto industry. Data were tabulated on Excel spreadsheets and processed using descriptive statistics. We concluded in our assessment that the development of institutional learning capabilities founded the progress of technological and productive capacities helped by good economic growth in China environment since 1980. The international joint venture structure in which all Chinese companies in the sector were inserted improved learning the observed capabilities. The rapid rise in capacity was enhanced in the 1990s with the use by companies that arose after the first sector policy held in 1994. We can conclude that without the presence of multinational companies and good management in public sector China's industry in this sector would not lead, as from 2009 when it exceeds the US in auto production and sales in the sector in the world. Keyword: Automobile Industry. China. Technological capabilities. ix SUMÁRIO DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO ............................................................................................................................. VIII MASTERS DEGREE .................................................................................................................................................
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