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Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions

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Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions Study on best practices of German cities in structural change, away from a coal dependent energy and economic system to low-carbon and green urban communities to support the transformation of coal-dependent regions in China. Title: Technical consulting: Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions Liechtenstein Institute for Strategic Development GmbH (LISD) Legal Notice: Editing, layout, information graphics: The study is published as part of the “Sino-German Climate Partnership” (Energy Component). As part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI), the project is commissioned by the Federal Ministry for the Envi-ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and implemented by the Deutsche Gesell- Zhuochuang, Beijing schaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. Exclusion of liability: As a federal company, GIZ supports the German Federal GIZ and the authors assume that the information and Government in achieving its goals in interna-tional cooperation information contained in this work is complete and correct at for sustainable development. the time of publication. Neither GIZ nor the authors assume, expressly or implicitly, any guarantee for the content of the Published by: work, any errors or remarks. The cartographic representations are for informational purposes only and do not constitute international recognition of boundaries and areas. GIZ assumes no responsibility for the topicality, correctness or completeness of the provided maps. Any liability for damages resulting Deutsche Gesellschaft für directly or indi-rectly from use is excluded. The respective Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH provider is always responsible for the content of external sites referred to here. Headquarters Bonn and Eschborn On behalf of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Sunflower Tower Maizidian Str. 37, Chaoyang District 100125 China, Beijing T +86 10 85275180 F +86 10 85275185 E [email protected] I www.giz.de/china Project partners: © Beijing, September 2020 National Energy Administration (NEA) Energy Research Institute of NDRC (ERI) Main authors: Liechtenstein Institute for Strategic Development GmbH (LISD) Professor Peter Droege Technical control and coordination: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Philipp Geres Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions 可持续经济结构转型和城市能源转型 Table of Contents 1. Short summary and setting .................................................................................................................................................................................1 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2.1. Aims and scope ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2.2. Urban energy transition – From fossil-fuel economies to renewable energy cities and regions ......................................................................3 2.3. Reasons for Metropolis Ruhr as case study .........................................................................................................................................................................................4 3. Learning from Metropolis Ruhr (MR) ............................................................................................................................................................5 3.1. Geographic and economic context ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................5 3.2. Economic development history ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 3.3. Core challenges to structural changes for a new sustainable economy ...........................................................................................................................6 3.4. Phases of policy-making in Metropolis Ruhr (MR) ...........................................................................................................................................................................7 3.4.1. Centralised reindustrialisation policy (1957 –1978) .........................................................................................................................................................7 - Industry subsidisation, consolidation and rationalisation .........................................................................................................................................7 - Infrastructure, education and research, and regional recreation investment ..............................................................................................8 - Employment transition management .......................................................................................................................................................................................9 - Scale and productivity investment ...........................................................................................................................................................................................9 3.4.2. Regionalised economic diversification policy (1979 –2004) .....................................................................................................................................10 - Neo-industrialisation program .................................................................................................................................................................................................10 - Expertise-oriented clusters creation ....................................................................................................................................................................................11 - Ecological remediation and restoration .............................................................................................................................................................................11 - Cultural development .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 3.4.3. Multi-level energy transition (Energiewende) policy (since 2005) .......................................................................................................................12 - Phase-outs and climate protection .......................................................................................................................................................................................12 - Renewable energy cluster development ............................................................................................................................................................................13 - Low-carbon development ............................................................................................................................................................................................................14 - Energy infrastructure transformation ..................................................................................................................................................................................14 3.5. Programmatic implementation: regional scale .................................................................................................................................................................................15 3.5.1 Ecological reconstruction of the region: IBA Emscher Park ......................................................................................................................................15 3.6. Programmatic implementation: local municipal scale ................................................................................................................................................................18 3.6.1 MR Model City 1: InnovationCity Ruhr | Model City Bottrop .........................................................................................................................18 3.6.2 MR Model City 2: Essen European Green Capital .................................................................................................................................................24 3.6.3 MR Model City 3: Masterplan Energy Transition Dortmund ...........................................................................................................................31 4. Lessons and recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................................39 5. References ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................43
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