Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions Study on best practices of German cities in structural change, away from a coal dependent energy and economic system to low-carbon and green urban communities to support the transformation of coal-dependent regions in China. Title: Technical consulting: Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions Liechtenstein Institute for Strategic Development GmbH (LISD) Legal Notice: Editing, layout, information graphics: The study is published as part of the “Sino-German Climate Partnership” (Energy Component). As part of the International Climate Initiative (IKI), the project is commissioned by the Federal Ministry for the Envi-ronment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and implemented by the Deutsche Gesell- Zhuochuang, Beijing schaft für internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. 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Headquarters Bonn and Eschborn On behalf of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) Sunflower Tower Maizidian Str. 37, Chaoyang District 100125 China, Beijing T +86 10 85275180 F +86 10 85275185 E [email protected] I www.giz.de/china Project partners: © Beijing, September 2020 National Energy Administration (NEA) Energy Research Institute of NDRC (ERI) Main authors: Liechtenstein Institute for Strategic Development GmbH (LISD) Professor Peter Droege Technical control and coordination: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Philipp Geres Sustainable Structural Change & Urban Energy Transitions 可持续经济结构转型和城市能源转型 Table of Contents 1. Short summary and setting .................................................................................................................................................................................1 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2.1. Aims and scope ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 2.2. Urban energy transition – From fossil-fuel economies to renewable energy cities and regions ......................................................................3 2.3. Reasons for Metropolis Ruhr as case study .........................................................................................................................................................................................4 3. Learning from Metropolis Ruhr (MR) ............................................................................................................................................................5 3.1. Geographic and economic context ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................5 3.2. Economic development history ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................5 3.3. Core challenges to structural changes for a new sustainable economy ...........................................................................................................................6 3.4. Phases of policy-making in Metropolis Ruhr (MR) ...........................................................................................................................................................................7 3.4.1. Centralised reindustrialisation policy (1957 –1978) .........................................................................................................................................................7 - Industry subsidisation, consolidation and rationalisation .........................................................................................................................................7 - Infrastructure, education and research, and regional recreation investment ..............................................................................................8 - Employment transition management .......................................................................................................................................................................................9 - Scale and productivity investment ...........................................................................................................................................................................................9 3.4.2. Regionalised economic diversification policy (1979 –2004) .....................................................................................................................................10 - Neo-industrialisation program .................................................................................................................................................................................................10 - Expertise-oriented clusters creation ....................................................................................................................................................................................11 - Ecological remediation and restoration .............................................................................................................................................................................11 - Cultural development .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................12 3.4.3. Multi-level energy transition (Energiewende) policy (since 2005) .......................................................................................................................12 - Phase-outs and climate protection .......................................................................................................................................................................................12 - Renewable energy cluster development ............................................................................................................................................................................13 - Low-carbon development ............................................................................................................................................................................................................14 - Energy infrastructure transformation ..................................................................................................................................................................................14 3.5. Programmatic implementation: regional scale .................................................................................................................................................................................15 3.5.1 Ecological reconstruction of the region: IBA Emscher Park ......................................................................................................................................15 3.6. Programmatic implementation: local municipal scale ................................................................................................................................................................18 3.6.1 MR Model City 1: InnovationCity Ruhr | Model City Bottrop .........................................................................................................................18 3.6.2 MR Model City 2: Essen European Green Capital .................................................................................................................................................24 3.6.3 MR Model City 3: Masterplan Energy Transition Dortmund ...........................................................................................................................31 4. Lessons and recommendations ......................................................................................................................................................................39 5. References ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................43