1. Theodor Adorno, the Dialectic of Enlightenment, Trans. by John Cum• Ming (New York: Herder & Herder, 1972), P
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Notes FOREWORD 1. Theodor Adorno, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. by John Cum ming (New York: Herder & Herder, 1972), p. 125. 2. Jean-Fran~ois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Know ledge, trans. by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi (Minneapolis,. University of Minnesota Press, 1989), p. 76. 3. Adorno, op. cit., p. 121. 4. Wolfgang Iser, The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response (Balti more, Md.: and London: Johns Hopkins Press, 1978), p. 107. 5. W.F. Haug, Critique of Commodity Aesthetics (Minneapolis, Minn.: Uni versity of Minnesota Press, 1986), p. 24. 6. Georg Lukacs, Realism in Our Time (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), p.19. 7. Iser, op. cit., p. 107. 8. Gillian Rose, The Melancholy Science: An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno (London: Macmillan, 1978), p. 125. 9. Hans Robert Jauss, Aesthetic Experience and Literary Hermeneutics, trans. by Michael Shaw (Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1982), p. 15. 10. Anthony Burgess, 'A Clockwork Orange: The Missing Chapter', Rolling Stone Magazine, 26 March 1987, p. 76. 11. Iser, op. cit., p. 107. 12. Ibid., p. 111. 13. Lucien Goldmann, Towards a Sociology of the Novel, trans. by Alan Sheridan (London: Tavistock, 1975), p. 6. CHAPTER 1 1. David Daiches, A Critical History of English Literature, Vol. II (New York: Ronald Press, 1960), p. 835. 2. Eric Quayle, The Ruin of Sir Walter Scott (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1968), p. 82. 3. Ibid. 4. Lewis Coser, Charles Kadushin, Walter Powell, Books: The Culture and Romance of Publishing (New York: Basic Books, 1982), p. 2l. 5. William Charvat, Literary Publishing in America 1790-1850 (Phi- ladelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1959), p. 82. 6. Ibid., p. 83. 7. Ibid. 8. Jean Kent and Candace Shelton, The Romance Writer's Phrase Book (New York: Putnam, 1984), p. 5. 9. Ibid., p. 6. 115 116 Notes to Chapter 2 10. See D. Sokolov-Golubov's unpublished essay, 'Pale Whore, Pale Wri ter: The Catachretic Craft of Crime and Punishment', University of Minnesota, Department of Comparative Literature, in which the au thor clearly demonstrates that Dostoevsky uses the word 'pale' in such a repetitive way as to render the term dispassionately sentimental. 11. Edward Said, The World, the Text and the Critic (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 113. 12. Ibid. 13. Raymond Howes, Historic Studies of Rhetoric and Rhetoricians (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1961), p. 360. 14. Ibid., p. 362. 15. William Kennedy, Billy Phelan's Greatest Game (New York: Viking, 1978), p. 1. 16. Saul Bellow, The Dean's December (New York: Harper & Row, 1982), p.3. 17. Ernest Hemingway, Islands in the Stream (New York: Scribners, 1970), p.3. 18. Marie Shedlock, The Art of the Story Teller (New York: Dover, 1951), p.13. 19. Jose Ortega y Gasset, The Dehumanization of Art (Princeton, NJ: Prince ton University Press, 1968), p. 90. CHAPTER 2 1. Karl Wallace, Francis Bacon on Communication and Rhetoric (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina), p. 147. 2. Pico Iyer, 'Fighting the Cocaine Wars', Time Magazine, Vol. 125, 25 February 1985, p. 26. 3. John Hellman, Fables of Fact: The New Journalism's New Fiction (Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1981), p. 3. 4. Ibid. 5. Tom Wolfe, The New Journalism (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), p.21. 6. Hellman, op. cit., p. 11. 7. Walter Scott, Waverley (Baltimore, Md.: Penguin, 1983), p. 76. 8. See David Hewitt (ed.), Scott on Himself (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press), pp. 118-36. 9. Terry Eagleton, Marxism and Literary Criticism (London: Methuen, 1976), p. 71. 10. Ibid., p. 46. 11. Jean-Fran<;ois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Know ledge, trans. by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi (Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1989), p. 75. 12. Josef Vacheck, Linguistic School of Prague (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1966), p. 88. 13. Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text (New York: Hill & Wang, 1978), p.50. 14. Jacques Ellul, Propaganda (New York: Random House, 1973), p. 6. Notes to Chapter 3 117 15. Roger Fowler, Linguistics and the Novel (London: Methuen, 1977), p. 3. 16. Mirrors reflect 'reality' iconically in that the image reflected is reduced from three dimensions to a plane surface of two, is doubled in dis tance, is reduced from the actual by one-half, and is reversed from right and left - hardly a duplication of reality. 17. Eagleton, op. cit., p. 29. CHAPTER 3 1. Honore de Balzac, Personal Opinions of Honore de Balzac trans. by Katharine Prescott Wormeley (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1899), p. 120. 2. H.J.C. Grierson, Sir Walter Scott To-Day: Some Retrospective Essays and Studies (London: Constable, 1932), p. 102. 3. As of this writing, there appears to be no definitive collection that includes these earlier works by Balzac. On a research trip to Paris, I found no such collection. Perhaps even French publishers are too embarrased to print them fearing the reading public will not buy them. Yet another commodification process. 4. In his personal opinions, Balzac said of Cooper that he didn't equal Scott, but he had his genius. 5. Twain was less complimentary towards Cooper's writing than was Balzac, commenting on more than one occasion that he felt Cooper to be less a craftsman than an artist. A more detailed account of Twain's scorn can be found in his essay, 'James Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses.' 6. See Eric Quayle, The Ruin of Walter Scott (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1968), for a thorough delineation of the rise and fall of Walter Scott. 7. David Daiches, A Critical History of English Literature, Vol. II (New York: The Ronald Press, 1960), p. 835. 8. Georg Lukacs, Studies in European Realism (New York: Grosset Dunlap, 1964), p. 12. 9. Ibid., p. 78. 10. Harry Levin, The Gates of Horn (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966), p. 157. 11. See Andre Maurois, Prometheus: The Life of Balzac (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1965), for a more complete account of Balzac's entrepreneurial exercises. 12. Baudelaire, Oeuvres Completes (Paris: Editions Robert Laffont, 1980), p. 324. 13. Marian Cusac, The Narrative Structures in the Novels of Walter Scott (The Hague: Mouton, 1969), p. 15. 14. David Hewitt (ed.), Scott on Himself, (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1981), p. 251. 15. Sir Walter Scott, The Heart of Midlothian, intro. by David Daiches (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969), p. xii. 16. John Lauber, Sir Walter Scott (New York: Twayne, 1966), p. 37. 118 Notes to Chapter 4 17. Christopher Caudwell, Romance and Realism: A Study In English Bourgeois Literature (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970), p.67. 18. See David Craig's 'Scott's Shortcomings as an Artist', in Alan Bell (ed.), Scott Bicentenary Essays (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1973), p. 114. 19. Jacques Ellul, Propaganda (New York: Vintage Books, 1973), p. 15. 20. Ibid., p. 31. 21. Ibid. 22. Georg Lukacs, The Historical Novel, trans. by Hannah and Stanley Mitchell (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1962), p. 33. 23. Cusac, op. cit., p. 11. 24. E. Preston Dargan, 'Scott and the French Romantics' Publications of the Modern Language Association, Percy Waldrom Long (ed.), Vol. XLIX, (Menosha, Wis.: George Banta, 1934), p. 60. 25. Cusac, op. cit., p. 33. 26. Boris Ford, From Blake to Byron, Vol. 5 (New York: Penguin, 1983) p.133. 27. Ibid., p. 134. 28. Cusac, op. cit., p. 32. 29. Grierson, op. cit., pp. 99-100. 30. Peter Brooks, The Romantic Imagination (New York: Columbia Universi ty Press, 1985), p. 13. CHAPTER 4 1. Philippe Sollers, Writing and the Experience of Limits, trans. by Phillip Barnar with David Hayman (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), p. 187. 2. William H. Gass, Fiction and the Figures of Life (Boston, Mass.: Non pareil Books, 1980), p. 14. 3. Supti Sen, Samuel Beckett His Mind and Art (Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1970), p. 91. 4. Ruby Cohn (ed.), Samuel Beckett (New York: McGraw-Hill), p. 24. 5. Steven Rosen, Samuel Beckett and the Pessimistic Tradition (New Bruns wick, NJ: Rutgers University Press), p. 63. 6. Mark Axelrod, personal chat with Samuel Beckett, March 1985. 7. Ruby Cohn, 'Watt in the Light of the Castle: Comparative Literature, Vol. XIII, No.2, Spring 1961, p. 162. 8. Gerd Brand, The Central Texts of Ludwig Wittgenstein (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1979) p. 142. 9. Allen Thiher, Words in Reflection (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), p. 102. 10. Fred Hoffman, Samuel Beckett the Language of Self (Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1962), p. 119. 11. Donald Phillip Verene and Giorgio Tagliacozzo (eds), Giambattista \lico's Science of Humanity (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976), p. 78. Notes to Chapter 5 119 12. Ibid. 13. Mircea Eliade, The Myth of the Eternal Return, trans. Williard Trask (New York: Pantheon, 1954), p. 34. 14. Josiah Thompson, Lonely Labyrinth: Kierkegaard's Pseudonymous Works (Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967), p. 117. 15. Eliade, op. cit., p. 35. 16. Michael Robinson, The Long Sonata of the Dead (London: Rupert Hart Davis, 1969), p. 105. 17. John Fletcher, The Novels of Samuel Beckett (London: Chatto & Windus, 1964), p. 76. 18. Wolfgang Iser, The Act of Reading (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1978), p. 108. 19. Bruce Kawin, Telling It Again and Again (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972), p. 49. 20. Fletcher, op. cit., p. 73. 21. Daniel Berkeley Updike, Printing Types, Vols. I and II (New York: Dover, 1980). 22. Ian Watt, The Rise of the Novel (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1957), p. 37. 23. Ibid., p.