1. Theodor Adorno, the Dialectic of Enlightenment, Trans. by John Cum• Ming (New York: Herder & Herder, 1972), P

Home , Renato Poggioli, William Kennedy (author)

Notes

FOREWORD

1. Theodor Adorno, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. by John Cum• ming (New York: Herder & Herder, 1972), p. 125. 2. Jean-Fran~ois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Know• ledge, trans. by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi (Minneapolis,. University of Minnesota Press, 1989), p. 76. 3. Adorno, op. cit., p. 121. 4. Wolfgang Iser, The Act of Reading: A Theory of Aesthetic Response (Balti• more, Md.: and London: Johns Hopkins Press, 1978), p. 107. 5. W.F. Haug, Critique of Commodity Aesthetics (Minneapolis, Minn.: Uni• versity of Minnesota Press, 1986), p. 24. 6. Georg Lukacs, Realism in Our Time (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), p.19. 7. Iser, op. cit., p. 107. 8. Gillian Rose, The Melancholy Science: An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno (London: Macmillan, 1978), p. 125. 9. Hans Robert Jauss, Aesthetic Experience and Literary Hermeneutics, trans. by Michael Shaw (Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1982), p. 15. 10. Anthony Burgess, 'A Clockwork Orange: The Missing Chapter', Rolling Stone Magazine, 26 March 1987, p. 76. 11. Iser, op. cit., p. 107. 12. Ibid., p. 111. 13. Lucien Goldmann, Towards a Sociology of the Novel, trans. by Alan Sheridan (London: Tavistock, 1975), p. 6.

CHAPTER 1

1. David Daiches, A Critical History of English Literature, Vol. II (New York: Ronald Press, 1960), p. 835. 2. Eric Quayle, The Ruin of Sir Walter Scott (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1968), p. 82. 3. Ibid. 4. Lewis Coser, Charles Kadushin, Walter Powell, Books: The Culture and Romance of Publishing (New York: Basic Books, 1982), p. 2l. 5. William Charvat, Literary Publishing in America 1790-1850 (Phi- ladelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1959), p. 82. 6. Ibid., p. 83. 7. Ibid. 8. Jean Kent and Candace Shelton, The Romance Writer's Phrase Book (New York: Putnam, 1984), p. 5. 9. Ibid., p. 6.

115 116 Notes to Chapter 2

10. See D. Sokolov-Golubov's unpublished essay, 'Pale Whore, Pale Wri• ter: The Catachretic Craft of Crime and Punishment', University of Minnesota, Department of Comparative Literature, in which the au• thor clearly demonstrates that Dostoevsky uses the word 'pale' in such a repetitive way as to render the term dispassionately sentimental. 11. Edward Said, The World, the Text and the Critic (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1983), p. 113. 12. Ibid. 13. Raymond Howes, Historic Studies of Rhetoric and Rhetoricians (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1961), p. 360. 14. Ibid., p. 362. 15. William Kennedy, Billy Phelan's Greatest Game (New York: Viking, 1978), p. 1. 16. Saul Bellow, The Dean's December (New York: Harper & Row, 1982), p.3. 17. Ernest Hemingway, Islands in the Stream (New York: Scribners, 1970), p.3. 18. Marie Shedlock, The Art of the Story Teller (New York: Dover, 1951), p.13. 19. Jose Ortega y Gasset, The Dehumanization of Art (Princeton, NJ: Prince• ton University Press, 1968), p. 90.

CHAPTER 2

1. Karl Wallace, Francis Bacon on Communication and Rhetoric (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina), p. 147. 2. Pico Iyer, 'Fighting the Cocaine Wars', Time Magazine, Vol. 125, 25 February 1985, p. 26. 3. John Hellman, Fables of Fact: The New Journalism's New Fiction (Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1981), p. 3. 4. Ibid. 5. Tom Wolfe, The New Journalism (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), p.21. 6. Hellman, op. cit., p. 11. 7. Walter Scott, Waverley (Baltimore, Md.: Penguin, 1983), p. 76. 8. See David Hewitt (ed.), Scott on Himself (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press), pp. 118-36. 9. Terry Eagleton, Marxism and Literary Criticism (London: Methuen, 1976), p. 71. 10. Ibid., p. 46. 11. Jean-Fran<;ois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Know• ledge, trans. by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi (Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1989), p. 75. 12. Josef Vacheck, Linguistic School of Prague (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1966), p. 88. 13. Roland Barthes, The Pleasure of the Text (New York: Hill & Wang, 1978), p.50. 14. Jacques Ellul, Propaganda (New York: Random House, 1973), p. 6. Notes to Chapter 3 117

15. Roger Fowler, Linguistics and the Novel (London: Methuen, 1977), p. 3. 16. Mirrors reflect 'reality' iconically in that the image reflected is reduced from three dimensions to a plane surface of two, is doubled in dis• tance, is reduced from the actual by one-half, and is reversed from right and left - hardly a duplication of reality. 17. Eagleton, op. cit., p. 29.

CHAPTER 3

1. Honore de Balzac, Personal Opinions of Honore de Balzac trans. by Katharine Prescott Wormeley (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1899), p. 120. 2. H.J.C. Grierson, Sir Walter Scott To-Day: Some Retrospective Essays and Studies (London: Constable, 1932), p. 102. 3. As of this writing, there appears to be no definitive collection that includes these earlier works by Balzac. On a research trip to Paris, I found no such collection. Perhaps even French publishers are too embarrased to print them fearing the reading public will not buy them. Yet another commodification process. 4. In his personal opinions, Balzac said of Cooper that he didn't equal Scott, but he had his genius. 5. Twain was less complimentary towards Cooper's writing than was Balzac, commenting on more than one occasion that he felt Cooper to be less a craftsman than an artist. A more detailed account of Twain's scorn can be found in his essay, 'James Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses.' 6. See Eric Quayle, The Ruin of Walter Scott (New York: Clarkson N. Potter, 1968), for a thorough delineation of the rise and fall of Walter Scott. 7. David Daiches, A Critical History of English Literature, Vol. II (New York: The Ronald Press, 1960), p. 835. 8. Georg Lukacs, Studies in European Realism (New York: Grosset Dunlap, 1964), p. 12. 9. Ibid., p. 78. 10. Harry Levin, The Gates of Horn (New York: Oxford University Press, 1966), p. 157. 11. See Andre Maurois, Prometheus: The Life of Balzac (New York: Carroll & Graf, 1965), for a more complete account of Balzac's entrepreneurial exercises. 12. Baudelaire, Oeuvres Completes (Paris: Editions Robert Laffont, 1980), p. 324. 13. Marian Cusac, The Narrative Structures in the Novels of Walter Scott (The Hague: Mouton, 1969), p. 15. 14. David Hewitt (ed.), Scott on Himself, (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1981), p. 251. 15. Sir Walter Scott, The Heart of Midlothian, intro. by David Daiches (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1969), p. xii. 16. John Lauber, Sir Walter Scott (New York: Twayne, 1966), p. 37. 118 Notes to Chapter 4

17. Christopher Caudwell, Romance and Realism: A Study In English Bourgeois Literature (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970), p.67. 18. See David Craig's 'Scott's Shortcomings as an Artist', in Alan Bell (ed.), Scott Bicentenary Essays (Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1973), p. 114. 19. Jacques Ellul, Propaganda (New York: Vintage Books, 1973), p. 15. 20. Ibid., p. 31. 21. Ibid. 22. Georg Lukacs, The Historical Novel, trans. by Hannah and Stanley Mitchell (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1962), p. 33. 23. Cusac, op. cit., p. 11. 24. E. Preston Dargan, 'Scott and the French Romantics' Publications of the Modern Language Association, Percy Waldrom Long (ed.), Vol. XLIX, (Menosha, Wis.: George Banta, 1934), p. 60. 25. Cusac, op. cit., p. 33. 26. Boris Ford, From Blake to Byron, Vol. 5 (New York: Penguin, 1983) p.133. 27. Ibid., p. 134. 28. Cusac, op. cit., p. 32. 29. Grierson, op. cit., pp. 99-100. 30. Peter Brooks, The Romantic Imagination (New York: Columbia Universi• ty Press, 1985), p. 13.

CHAPTER 4

1. Philippe Sollers, Writing and the Experience of Limits, trans. by Phillip Barnar with David Hayman (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), p. 187. 2. William H. Gass, Fiction and the Figures of Life (Boston, Mass.: Non• pareil Books, 1980), p. 14. 3. Supti Sen, Samuel Beckett His Mind and Art (Calcutta: Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, 1970), p. 91. 4. Ruby Cohn (ed.), Samuel Beckett (New York: McGraw-Hill), p. 24. 5. Steven Rosen, Samuel Beckett and the Pessimistic Tradition (New Bruns• wick, NJ: Rutgers University Press), p. 63. 6. Mark Axelrod, personal chat with Samuel Beckett, March 1985. 7. Ruby Cohn, 'Watt in the Light of the Castle: Comparative Literature, Vol. XIII, No.2, Spring 1961, p. 162. 8. Gerd Brand, The Central Texts of Ludwig Wittgenstein (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1979) p. 142. 9. Allen Thiher, Words in Reflection (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), p. 102. 10. Fred Hoffman, Samuel Beckett the Language of Self (Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1962), p. 119. 11. Donald Phillip Verene and Giorgio Tagliacozzo (eds), Giambattista \lico's Science of Humanity (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976), p. 78. Notes to Chapter 5 119

12. Ibid. 13. Mircea Eliade, The Myth of the Eternal Return, trans. Williard Trask (New York: Pantheon, 1954), p. 34. 14. Josiah Thompson, Lonely Labyrinth: Kierkegaard's Pseudonymous Works (Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967), p. 117. 15. Eliade, op. cit., p. 35. 16. Michael Robinson, The Long Sonata of the Dead (London: Rupert Hart• Davis, 1969), p. 105. 17. John Fletcher, The Novels of Samuel Beckett (London: Chatto & Windus, 1964), p. 76. 18. Wolfgang Iser, The Act of Reading (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins Press, 1978), p. 108. 19. Bruce Kawin, Telling It Again and Again (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1972), p. 49. 20. Fletcher, op. cit., p. 73. 21. Daniel Berkeley Updike, Printing Types, Vols. I and II (New York: Dover, 1980). 22. Ian Watt, The Rise of the Novel (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1957), p. 37. 23. Ibid., p. 59. 24. David Ogilvy, Ogilvy on Advertising (New York: Vintage Books, 1985), p.96. 25. Daniel Boorstin, Democracy and Its Discontents (New York: Vintage Books, 1975), p. 30. 26. Ibid., p. 31. 27. John DiPierro, Structures in Beckett's Watt (York, SC: French Literature Publications, 1981), p. 134. 28. Phillip Stevick, The Theory of the Novel (New York: The Free Press, 1967), p. 142. 29. E. Preston Dargan, Balzac's Realism (Chicago, Ill.: University of Chica• go Press, 1932), p. 139. 30. S.E. Gontarski (ed.), On Beckett: Essays and Criticism (New York: Grove Press, 1986), p. 5.

CHAPTERS

1. Anthony Burgess, Joysprick (New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1973), p. 15. 2. David Foster, Currents in the Contemporary Argentine Novel, (Columbia, Mo.: University of Missouri Press, 1975), p. 154. 3. Jane P. Tompkins, Reader-Response Criticism From Formalism to Post• Structuralism (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980), pp.54-5. 4. Robert Alter, The Art of Biblical Narrative (New York: Harper & Row, 1981), p. 100. 5. Ibid., p. 112. 6. Luis Harss and Barbara Dohmann, Into the Mainstream: Conversations with Latin-American Writers (New York: Harper and Row, 1966), p. 233. 120 Notes to Chapter 6

7. Wolfgang Iser, The Act of Reading (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978), p. 89. 8. Evelyn Picon Garfield, Julio Cortazar (New York: Frederick Ungar, 1975), p. 117. 9. Ibid., p. 150. 10. Leo Spitzer, Linguistics and Literary History (New York: Russell and Russell, 1962), p. 11. 11. Doris Meyer (ed.), Lives on the Line: The Testimony of Contemporary Latin American Authors (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1988), p. 233.

CHAPTER 6

1. Renato Poggioli, The Theory of the Avant-Garde, trans. by Gerald Fitz• gerald (Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1968), p. 109. 2. Ben H. Bagdikian, 'Assembly Line Production', :fikkun Magazine, Vol. 5, No.3, 1990, p. 42. 3. Ibid. 4. Roger Fowler, Linguistics and the Novel (London: Methuen, 1977), p. 125. 5. Ibid., p. 126. 6. Raymond Williams, Marxism and Literature (London: Methuen, 1972), p.36. 7. Encompass, Indiana University Comparative Literature Newsletter (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Alumni Association), Vol. 2, No.2, 1987, p. 4. Select Bibliography

Adorno, Theodor, The Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. by John Cumming (New York: Herder & Herder, 1972) Bagdikian, Ben H., The Media Monopoly, (Boston, Mass.: Beacon Press, 1990) Bakhtin, Mikhail, The Dialogic Imagination (Dallas, Tex.: University of Texas Press, 1980) Balibar, Renee, The Sociology of Literature (University of Essex Conferences, 1977) Barthes, Roland, The Pleasure of the Text, trans. by Richard Miller (New York: Hill & Wang, 1978) Bennett, Tony, Formalism and Marxism (London: Methuen, 1979) Berger, Peter, Social Construction of Reality (New York: Doubleday, 1966) Brecht, Bertolt, 'Against Georg Lukacs', New Left Review #84, March- April 1974 Breton, Andre, Manifestes du Surrealisme (Paris: Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1972) Caudwell, Christopher, Illusion and Reality (New York: International, 1963) Caute, David, The Illusion (New York: Harper & Row, 1971) Charvat, William, Literary Publishing in America 1790-1850 (Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1949) Chatman, Seymour (ed.), Literary Style: A Symposium (London: Oxford University Press, 1971) Cdser, Lewis, Charles Kadushin, Walter Powell, Books: The Culture and Romance of Publishing (New York: Basic Books, 1982) Cressot, Marcel, Le Style et Ses Techniques (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1947) Croll, Morris (ed.), Style, Rhetoric and Rhythm (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1966) Cummings, Michael and Simmons, Robert, The Language of Literature (Ox• ford: Pergamon, 1983) Daiches, David, A Critical History of English Literature, Vol. II (New York: Ronald Press, 1960) Daiches, David, Sir Walter Scott and His World (New York: Viking Press, 1971) Eagleton, Terry, Criticism and Ideology (London: New Left Books, 1976) Ellul, Jacques, Propaganda, trans. by Konrad Kellen and Jean Lerner (New York: Vintage Books, 1965) Escarpit, Robert, Sociology of Literature, trans. by Ernest Pick (Painesville, Ohio: Lake Erie College Studies, 1965) Fowler, Roger, Linguistics and the Novel (London: Methuen, 1977) Freeman, Donald C. (ed.), Linguistics and Literary Style (New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1970) Gass, William, Fiction and the Figures of Life (Boston: Nonpareil Books, 1980) Genette, Gerard, Figures of Literary Discourse, trans. by Allan Sheridan 121 122 Select Bibliography

(New York: Columbia University Press, 1982) Goldmann, Lucien, Towards a Sociology of the Novel, trans. by Alan Sher- idan (London: Tavistock, 1975) . Goldmann, Lucien, Essays on Method in the Sociology of Literature, trans. and edited by Wm. Boelhower (St. Louis: Telos Press, 1980) Hall, Donald (ed.), The Modern Stylists (New York: Free Press, 1968) Haug, W.F., Critique of Commodity Aesthetics (Minneapolis, Minn.: Uni• versity of Minnesota Press, 1986) Holub, Robert c., Reception Theory (London: Methuen, 1984) Hough, Graham, Style and Stylistics (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969) Howes, Raymond, Historic Studies of Rhetoric and Rhetoricians (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1961) Iser, Wolfgang, The Act of Reading, (Baltimore, Md., and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978) Jameson, Frederic, The Prison-House of Language (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1972) Jauss, Hans Robert, Aesthetic Experience and Literary Hermeneutics, trans. by Michael Shaw, (Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1982) Josipovici, Gabriel, The World and the Book (London: Macmillan, 1971) Kolakowski, Leszek, Main Currents of Marxism, Volume 3 (Oxford Univer• sity Press, 1978) Lemon, Lee and Reis, Marion, Russian Formalist Criticism (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1965) Lodge, David, Language of Fiction (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966) Lukacs, Georg, Theory of the Novel, trans. by Anna Bostock (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983) Lukacs, Georg, The Historical Novel, trans. by Hannah and Stanley Mitchell (Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press, 1983) Macherey, Pierre, Theory of Literary Production, trans. by Geoffrey Wall (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978) Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, The Prose of the World, trans. by John O'Neill (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1973) Meyer, Doris (ed.), Lives on the Line: The Testimony of Contemporary Latin American Authors (Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1988) Ortega y Gasset, Jose, The Dehumanization of Art (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968) Poggioli, Renato, The Theory of the Avant-Garde (Cambridge, Mass.: Belk• nap Press, 1968) Prawer, 5.5., Karl Marx and World Literature (Oxford University Press, 1976) Rose, Gillian, The Melancholy Science: An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978) Said, Edward, The World, the Text and the Critic (Cambridge, Mass.: Har• vard University Press, 1983) Shedlock, Marie, The Art of the Story Teller (New York: Dover Press, 1951) Simmel, Georg, The Conflict in Modern Culture and Other Essays, trans. by K. Select Bibliography 123

Peter Etzhorn (New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 1968) Simmel, Georg, The Philosophy of Money, trans. by Tom Bottomore and David Frisby (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978) Spitzer, Leo, Linguistics and Literary History (New York: Russell & Russell, 1962) Trotsky, Leon, Literature and Revolution, trans. by Rose Strunsky (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1925) Vacheck, Josef, Linguistic School of Prague (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1966) Volosinov, V., Marxism and the Philosophy of Language (New York: Seminar Press, 1973) Whiteside, Thomas, The Blockbuster Complex (Middletown, Conn.: Wes• leyan University Press, 1981) Index

Adorno, Theodor (1903-69), xiii, xvi, 61--86, 89-90, 95, 100, 102, 105, 22,108 108, 111-12 aesthetics, 108 Murphy, 63 alliterations, 51, 74 Proust, 64 anaphora, 73 Watt, xviii, 61--82, 94, 97, 100, 104, anapests, 66 108 anastrophes, 66 Bely, Andrei (Boris Nikolaevich antistrophe, 74 Bugaev) (1880--1934), 27 Art of Understanding Men by their Bellow, Saul, 9 Physiognomy, 45 Dean's December, 9 Artaud, Antonin (1896--1948), 17, 23 Benjamin, Walter (1892-1940), xvi assonance, 74 Bianchot, Maurice, xiv Asturias, Miguel (1899-1974), 89, 106 Booth, Wayne, 27 asyndeton, 51 Borges, Jorge Luis (1899-1990), 84, authorial commentary, 51 88--9, 106 authorial plot query, 51, 56 brachyologa, 76 Brecht, Bertolt (1898--1956), xvi, 20 Bacon, Sir Francis (1561-1626), 13 Breton, Andre (1896--1966), 15, 23 Bagehot, Walter (1826--1877), 20 Brooke-Rose, Christine, 24 Bakhtin, Mikhail, (1895--1975), 110 Brooks, Peter, 46 Balzac, Honore de (1799-1850), xiv, xv, The Melodramatic Imagination, 46 11, 20, 21, 26--60, 66--9, 71-5, Burgess, Anthony, xvii, 94 7'h'l0, 83, 85--6, 90--2, 95, 97--8, A Clockwork Orange, xvii 100--1, 108, 110--11 Joysprick, 87 Autre Etude de Femme, 30 Butor, Michel, 27, 112 Catherine de Medicis, 29 • Les Chouans, 29, 39-43 Cabrera Infante, Guillermo, 99 La Comedie Humaine, 21, 29, 39, 44 Calvino, Italo (1923--85), 112 Le Cousin Pons, 30 Capote, Truman (1924--84), 19 Cousine Bette, 81 Cardboard Castles, xviii Un Debut dans la Vie, 40 Carpentier, Alejo (y Valmont) Le Cars, 40 (1904--80), 88--9 L'Heritiere, 30, 31 Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de Le Martyr Calviniste, 40 (1547-1616), 30, 88 La Muse du Departement, 30 characters Oeuvres de Jeunesse, 21, 31 fixed,54 Le Pere Coriot, 31, 43-60, 81, 88, 98, transitional, 54 108--9 verisimilitude, 45 Petites Miseres de la Vie Conjugale, 30 charietismus, 74 Seraphita, 51 Christie, Agatha (1891-1976), 84 Ursule Mirouet, 30 coalescence, 44 Barthes, Roland (1915--80), 24 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772-1834), Pleasure of the Text, 24 36 Baudelaire, Charles (1821-67), 34 commodification, xii, xv La Fanfarlo, 34 in fiction, xiii, xi v Beckett, Samuel (1906--89), xvi, xviii, 6, Cooper, James Fenimore (1789-1851), 18, 22, 26, 27, 48, 51, 55, 59, 3,31

125 126 Index

Cortazar, Julio (1914-84), xvi, xviii, 6, gramtax, 4, 38, 7l 18, 22, 24, 26, 27, 48--51, 87-106, 108, 112 Harlequin Romances, 113 Blow-Up, 97 Haug, W.F., xv Las babs del diablo, 97 The Critique of Commodity Aesthetics, Rayuela, 90-106, 108 xv Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Daiches, David, 20, 32, 34 (1770-1831), 36 Dante Alighieri (1265-1321), 30 Heidegger, Martin (1889-1976), 22 Defoe, Daniel (1660-1731), xi, xiv, 1, Hemingway, Ernest (1899-196i), 9 77,89 Islands in the Stream, 9 Dickens, Charles (1812-70), xiv, 75, Hugo, Victor (1802-85), 37 102 hyperbaton, 66 Diderot, Denis (17l3--84), 1 Jacques, Le Fataliste, 62 Ingarden, Roman, 48, 90-1, 104 Dablin, Alfred (1878--1957), xvii, 24, Ionesco, Eugene, xii 108 Rhinoceros, xvii Berlin Alexanderplatz, xvii, 108 Iser, Wolfgang, xiv, xvii, 57, 102 Dostoevsky, Feodor (1821-81), 5, 83 The Act of Reading, xiv, xvi, xviii, 72, Dumas, Alexandre (Davy de la 74,85-6 Pailleterie), (1802-70), 37 James, Henry (1843--1916), 62, 82-4, 89 Eugene Onegin, 61 Portrait of a Lady,S Eliade, Mircea (1907-86), 70 Jauss, Hans Robert, xvii, 86 Ellul, Jacques, 25, 36-7 Aesthetic Experience and Literary Propaganda, 25 Hermeneutics, xvii epizeuxis, 73 Johnson, Samuel (1709-84), 27 Joyce, James (1882-1941), xiv, xviii, 24, Faulkner, William (1897-1962), xviii, 51, 83, 87, 89, 105, 108 106 Dubliners, 83 As I Lay Dying, xviii Finnegans Wake, 83 fiction, Portrait of the Artist As a Young Man, Realism in, 36, 69-7l, 97 63,83 Realistic, 53, 58--9 Ulysses, xviii, 63, 79, 83, 105, 108 Fielding, Henry (1707-54), 5, 31 Filloy, Juan, xv, 88--9 Kafka, Franz (1883--1924), 2 Flaubert, Gustave (182l-80), xiv, 83 Kennedy, William, 8, 66, 69 Fonctions du Cerveau, 45 Kenner, Hugh, 63 Forster, E(dward) M(organ) Kent, Jean Salter, 5-7, 11 (1879-1970), 2, 7, 27, 82 Romance Writers Phrase Book, 4, 7, 11 Aspects of the Novel, 7 Kierkegaard, S"Hen (1813--55), 70 Freud, Sigmund (1856-1939), 66 Repetition, 70 Beyond the Pleasure Principle, 66 Frye, Northrop (1912-70), 2, 7, 82 La Fontaine (1621-95), 32 Fuentes, Carlos, 105 Levin, Harry, 32 Gates of Horn, 32, 79 Gadda, Carlo Emilio (1893--1973), 112 literary form, xiii, xiv Garcia Marquez, Gabriel, 18, 88--9, 106 literary value, 54 Gass, William, 62 Lispector, Clarice (1925-77), xxi, 89 Gil Bias, 88 Lubbock, Percy, 2, 27, 82 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von Lukacs, Georg, 9, 26, 35-7, 39, 56 (1749-1832), xxi Realism in Our Time, xvi, 2, 7, 22 Goldmann, Lucien (1913--70), xix, 21, Lyotard, Fram;ois, xiii, 13, 23 28, 109 The Postmodern Condition, xiii, 13, 23 Index 127

Machado de Assis, Joaquim Poggioli, Renato (1907--Q3), 107 (1839-1908), xvii, 2, 88---9 politextuality, xvii, 4, 11, 19, 23-4, 39, Dom Casmurro, xviii, 88 51, 56--7, 59, 75, 77-8, 95, 100, 104, Memorias postumas de Braz Cubas, 62, 109-10 88 polysyndeton, 51, 73-4, 95 MacNovel, 113 postmodernism, xiv, 69 magical realism, 10 pragmatographia, 69, 72 Maistre, Xavier de (1763--1852), xv, 89 prosographia, 67--8, 69, 71-2 Un Voyage Autour de Ma Chambre, 20 Proust, Marcel (1871-1922), xiv Marinetti, Filippo Tommaso (1876--1944), 5, 23, 105 Quiroga, Horacio (1879-1937), 89, 106 Marx, Karl (1818---83), xi, xii Marxism, 26 Reagan, Ronald, xii, 10 Mass Market Absolutism, xi, xvi, xviii repetition, xii, 6, 8, 13, 21-2, 25, 51, meta plasmus, 95 55, 71, 73-4, 79, 95, 98, 111 Mitchell, Margaret (1900-49), 69 Richardson, Samuel (1689-1761), xi, 1, Gone With the Wind, 69 5,31,77 Moliere Oean Baptiste Poquelin) Pame/a, 5 (1622-73), 30, 32 Rimbaud, Arthur (1854-91), 108 Robbe-Grillet, Alain, 83 Nabokov, Vladimir (1899-1977), xviii Robbins, Harold,S, 109 Pale Fire, xviii The Betsy,S new journalism, 17-18 romanticism, 36-7 Nodier, Charles (178~1844), 37 Rulfo, Juan (1918---42), 89 Noigandres, 105 novel, 27 Schulz, Bruno (1892-1942), 2, 112 accretion in, 44, 50, 53-4, 56, 58 Scott, Walter (1771-1832), xi, xiv, xv, alienation in, 90 1, 3, 13, 19-23, 26, 29-32, 34-43, anti-, 61 45, 51, 53, 75, 90, 105, 108---10 commercial, xi The Antiquary, 29, 40 dialogue, 57, 59, 69, 71, 72 The Bride of Lammermoor, 31 form, xiv Castle Dangerous, 39 How To Write, xv, 8 . Chronicles of Canongate, 29 linearity in, 17, 25, 50, 59--62, 75, 88, The Fair Maid of Perth, 30 100,104 Fortunes of Nigel, 20, 40 origins, 3 Heart of Midlothian, 29, 34, 39 romantic, 3 Ivanhoe, 29, 42-3, 110 Realism, 21, 25, 26 Kenilworth, 29 Realist, xi, 11, 89, 105 Legend of Montrose, 31 realistic, 3, 27 Old Morality, 39 structure, xv, 17, 24, 25 Quentin Durward, 37, 39 style in, xvi, xvii, 108 Red Gauntlet, 5 Rob Roy, 39 Oates, Joyce Carol, 24 St. Ronan's Well, 34 O'Brien, Flann (Brian O'Nolan) Waverley, 34, 37--8, 40, 105 (1911--66), 112 Woodstock, 35 Onetti, Juan Carlos, 87, 112 Sainte-Beuve, Charles Augustin Ortega y Gasset, Jose (1883--1955), 10 (1804--Q9), 2 scesis onamaton, 51 paradiastole, 51 Shedlock, Marie, 10, 17, 25, 35, 75, 85 periphrasis, 68 Art of the Story Teller, 10 Plekhanov, Georgii Valentinovich Sheldon, Sidney, 24 (1856--1918), xiii Sollers, Philippe, 62 pIoche, 73 Sousa, Marcio, 2, 89 128 Index

Steel, Danielle, 24-5, 109-10 Turgenev, Ivan (1818-83), xiv, 28, 101 Thurston House, 109-10 Fathers and Sons, 61 Steiner, George, xvi Twain, Mark (1835--1910), 31 Stendhal (Marie Henri Beyle) typography, 75--8, 95, 104-5 (1783-1842), 30, 43, 94 guerrilla, 79 Le Rouge et Le Nair, 30 Tzara, Tristan (1896--1963), 17, 23, 105 Sterne, Laurence (1713--68), 1, 31, 89 Tristram Shandy, 20 Valle-Inchin, Ramon del (1870--1936), Stevick, Philip, 82-3 xv, 88 The Theory of the Novel, 82 Vargas Llosa, Mario, 89 structurek, 25 Vergessieu, Marcel (1821-67), xviii structured prefigurement, xviii, 38 Clytemnestra's Butterfly Pea, xviii synaesthesia, 51 Vico, Giovanni Battista (1668-1744), 68-70 Talese, Gay, 17, 19 Volksseele, 6 Textthink, 7 Volosinov, Vladimir (see Bakhtin, Theory of Facial Angle, 45 Mikhail) Thierry, Augustin (1795--1856), 37 Vortrag, 7 Todorov, Tzvetan, 83, 89 La Poetique de la prose, 83, 84 Watt, Ian, 2, 27-8 Tolstoy, Leo (1828-1910), xiv, 26, 28, The Rise of the Novel, 27-8, 77 83 Wellek, Rene 2 Anna Karenina, 61 Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1889-1951), xxi, topographia, 47, 49-50, 52, 67-9, 71-2 66 tropes, 50--1 Wolfe, Tom, 18-19

For those interested enough in counting citations, the fact that Balzac and Scott have more than Beckett and Cortazar should only prove how politextually egalitarian the index is.