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Chapter 7: the Ancient Greeks

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Chapter 7: the Ancient Greeks TheGreeks and Romans Each civilization that you will study in this unit made important contributions to history. • The Greeks developed the idea of citizenship and created the first democratic governments. • The Romans introduced the idea of the rule of law. • Christians introduced religious beliefs that many still follow today. 15001500 B..C.7.750 B..C.5.550 B..C.3.350 B..C.. Ancient c. 1400 B.C. 750 B.C. 594 B.C. c. 330 B.C. Greece Mycenaeans Greek Solon takes Aristotle replace colonies power in develops Cha & 8 pters 7 Minoans as established Athens theories major power in in Europe about Mediterranean and Africa government Ancient 650 B.C. 509 B.C. 312 B.C. Rome Etruscans Rome becomes Romans rule Rome a republic build the Chap 10 ters 9 & Appian Way Etruscan mural Roman soldiers The Rise of ChristianityChristianity Chapter 11 328 (t)National Museums of Scotland/Bridgeman Art Library, (c)Borromeo/Art Resource, NY, (b)file photo 0 1,000 miles N ° ° ° ° 0 1,000 kilometers 0 30 E 0 30 E Mercator projection W E EUROPE Caspian Sea S Black Sea 60°N 60°N T i g r E i up s Mediterranean h R Persian Sea ra . te EUROPE s Gulf EUROPE Caspian Sea Caspian S N R Chapters . Chapters Black Sea Black Sea T T 7 & 8 . i 7 & 8 i g g R r r e E i E i u s u s l ARABIA p p i h h r R r R N a . at t e 30°N es 30°N s R R AFRICA Red . Persian Sea AFRICA R Persian AFRICA R Gulf e e l l Red i i Gulf N N Sea Red Sea Chapters 7 & 8 Equator Chapters 9 & 10 Chapter ° ° Chapter 11 0 N Chapters 0 0° 30°E 6 11 9 & 10 150150 B..C.. A..D.. 5050 A..D.. 250250 A..D.. 450450 A..D.. 650650 c. 100 B.C. City of The Lighthouse of Alexandria Alexandria is the c. 290 B.C. largest in the Mediterranean 146 B.C. 44 B.C. A.D. 180 A.D. 312 Rome Julius Caesar Pax Constantine destroys is killed Romana comes to Carthage ends power Emperor Constantine A.D.30 C. A.D. 100 C. A.D. 600 Jesus preaches Churches founded Bishop of Rome in Galilee and throughout Roman takes title of pope Judaea world Orthodox Church incense burner c. A.D. 1100 (t)Scala/Art Resource, NY, (c)Hugh Sitton/Getty Images, (b)Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY EUROPEEUROPE 1 Greek Parthenon 3 4 See Ancient Greece Chapters 7 & 8 1 2 Alexandria Lighthouse Mediterranean Sea AFRICA See Ancient Greece Chapter 8 c. 750 B.C. c. 495–429 B.C. c. 356–323 B.C. Greek poet, wrote Iliad Athenian general and Macedonian 63 B.C.–A.D.14 and Odyssey leading statesman general and king Roman emperor Chapter 8, page 381 Chapter 7, page 361 Chapter 8, page 401 Chapter 9, page 447 330 3 Roman aqueduct ASIAASIA See Ancient Rome Chapters 9 & 10 4 Roman Pantheon See Ancient Rome Chapter 10 5 5 MIDDLEMIDDLE Mount of the Beatitudes 2 EASTEAST See Rise of Christianity Chapter 11 c. 6 B.C.–A.D.33 Crucifixion led to rise of c. A.D.10–65 c. A.D. 280–337 C. A.D. 500–548 Christianity Christian thinker Roman emperor Byzantine empress Chapter 11, page 504 Chapter 11, page 507 Chapter 10, page 478 Chapter 10, page 488 331 The Ancient Greeks The Parthenon rises above the city of Athens. The people of ancient Greece built this temple to celebrate their goddess Athena. 700 B.C. 600 B.C. 500 B.C.400 B.C. c. 750 B.C. c. 650 B.C. 480 B.C. 431 B.C. Greece’s Dark Tyrants over- Xerxes Peloponnesian Age comes to throw nobles invades War begins an end in city-states Greece Vanni Archive/CORBIS Chapter Overview Visit ca.hss.glencoe.com for a preview of Chapter 7. The Early Greeks Physical geography plays a role in how civilizations develop and decline. Greece’s mountains, climate, and surrounding seas played a large role in its history. The earliest civilizations in Greece were the Minoans and the Mycenaeans. Sparta and Athens Systems of order, such as law and government, contribute to stable societies. Athens and Sparta, the two major city-states in ancient Greece, developed different governments that emphasized opposite aspects of society. Sparta focused on its military, while Athens focused on trade, culture, and democracy. Persia Attacks the Greeks Conflict often brings about great changes. The Persian Empire gained control of most of southwest Asia. However, when the Persians tried to conquer the Greeks, Athens and Sparta united to defeat them. The Age of Pericles Civilizations with strong economies prosper and grow. Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens became a powerful city-state with a strong economy and blossoming culture. View the Chapter 7 video in the Glencoe Video Program. Summarizing Information Make this foldable to help you organize and summarize information about the ancient Greeks. Step 1 Mark the Step 2 Fold Reading and Writing midpoint of a side edge the paper in As you read the chapter, of one sheet of paper. half again write information under Then fold the outside from side to each appropriate tab. Be edges in to touch the side. sure to summarize the midpoint. information you find by writing only main ideas Step 3 Open the Step 4 Label and supporting details. paper and cut along as shown. The Sparta Cut along the Early and the inside fold lines fold lines on Greeks Athens to form four tabs. both sides. Persia Attacks The the Age of Greeks Pericles 333 Comparing and Contrasting Good readers compare and contrast information as they read. This means they look for similarities and differences. Comparing the ways in which people, places, or ideas are the same or different helps you understand how each is unique. Look for signal words in the text. Some comparison signal words are same, at the same time, like, and still. Contrast signal words include some, others, different, however, rather, yet, but, and or. Read the passage about Persian religion and then look at the questions that follow. 1) Persian religion is being compared to Jewish religion. Like the Jews, Zoroaster believed in one god. He viewed this supreme 2) The similarities are high- being as the creator of all things and lighted in blue and the con- a force of goodness. However, trasts in red. Zoroaster recognized evil in the world, too. He taught that humans 3) Like signals a comparison, had the freedom to choose between and however signals contrast. right and wrong, and that goodness would triumph in the end. — from page 353 As you compare and contrast, ask these questions: 1) What things are being compared or contrasted? 2) Which characteristics can be compared or con- trasted? 3) How are they similar, and how are they different? Look for the compare and contrast signal words when 4) Are there any signal words? you take tests. 334 Read to Write Reread the passage labeled Roles of Men and Women in Section 4 of this chapter. Then write Foto Marburg/Art Resource, NY Resource, Foto Marburg/Art Read the passage and the directions below. a short paragraph comparing and contrasting what life Athens and Sparta, the two was like for men and women in ancient major city-states in ancient Greece, Athens. developed different governments that emphasized opposite aspects of society. Sparta focused on its military, while Athens focused on trade, culture, and democracy. Spartan warrior — from page 333 Read Section 2 and use a chart like the one below to organize the similarities and differences between Sparta and Athens. In the first column, fill in the characteristics that you will compare and contrast. In the second and third columns, describe the characteristics of each city- state. Characteristic Sparta Athens As you read the chapter, choose three pairs of subjects to compare and con- trast. List the similarities and differ- ences using a graphic organizer, such as the one above. 335 The Early Greeks Looking Back, Looking Ahead Locating Places In Chapters 1 and 2, you learned Crete (KREET) History about Mesopotamia and Egypt. These Mycenae (my•SEE•nee) Social Science civilizations grew up in great river Peloponnesus Standards valleys with rich soil. Greece had no (PEH•luh•puh•NEE•suhs) WH6.4 Students great river valleys. Instead, it had analyze the geographic, mountains, rocky soil, and many political, economic, Content Vocabulary religious, and social miles of seacoasts. peninsula (puh•NIHN•suh•luh) structures of the early polis (PAH•luhs) civilizations of Ancient Focusing on the Greece. • The geography of Greece influenced agora (A•guh•ruh) where people settled and what they colony (KAH•luh•nee) did. (page 337) • The Minoans earned their living by Academic Vocabulary region (REE juhn) building ships and trading. (page 338) • culture (KUHL•chuhr) • Mycenaeans built the first Greek king- overseas (OH•vuhr•SEEZ) doms and spread their power across community (kuh MYOO nuh tee) the Mediterranean region. (page 339) • • • • The idea of citizenship developed in Reading Strategy Greek city-states. (page 341) Finding Details Draw a diagram like • Colonies and trade spread Greek the one below. In each oval write one culture and spurred industry. (page 343) detail about a polis. Meeting People polis Agamemnon (A•guh•MEHM•nahn) 2000 B..C.. 1250 B..C.. 500 B..C.. c. 2000 B.C. c. 1200 B.C.
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