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Renato Arnellas Coelho.Pdf PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP Renato Arnellas Coelho O sedevacantismo segundo Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers, O. P . MESTRADO EM TEOLOGIA SÃO PAULO 2015 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP Renato Arnellas Coelho O sedevacantismo segundo Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers, O. P . Dissertação apresentada à Banca Examinadora da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, como exigência parcial para obtenção de título de Mestre em Teologia Sistemática, sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Ney de Souza. SÃO PAULO 2015 PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE SÃO PAULO PUC-SP Renato Arnellas Coelho O sedevacantismo segundo Michel-Louis Guérard des Lauriers, O. P . BANCA EXAMINADORA ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ Dedico este trabalho ao falecido Prof. Dr. Orlando Fedeli, por ter me ensinado a ter gosto pelo estudo e a conhecer as inson- dáveis riquezas da Igreja Católica. AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço aos meus pais, amigos, professores e a o todos os que contribuíram para a realização desta dissertação, seja por meio de incentivos morais, financeiros e, sobretudo, pelas orações. RESUMO Após o Concílio Vaticano II (1962-1965), começam a aparecer pessoas com posições denominadas sedevacantistas , negando a existência de um papa na Igreja depois desse perío- do. A presença do sedevacantismo é mais acentuada nos Estados Unidos e na Europa, mas também no Brasil, aos poucos, surgem pessoas que aderem a essa posição. Dentre os diversos ramos do sedevacantismo, destaca-se o sedevacantismo ligado à Tese de Cassicíaco , formula- da pelo dominicano Michel Guérard des Lauriers (1898-1988). O presente trabalho irá anali- sar a importância da vida e da obra do autor da Tese de Cassicíaco , para bem entender o sede- vacantismo , bem como comparar essa Tese tanto com estudiosos favoráveis, como desfavorá- veis, a essa posição. Ver-se-á que a dita Tese aborda o tema do papado de modo criativo, dife- rente de outros modos apresentados até então. Todavia, conclui-se que a Tese é limitada in- trinsicamente, quanto aos seus argumentos, e extrinsecamente, por depender de uma análise subjetiva e restrita a um papado determinado e passageiro. Palavras-chave : Sedevacantismo, Concílio Vaticano II, Michel Guérard des Lauriers, Papa- do, Tese de Cassicíaco. ABSTRACT After the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), some people start to follow positions known as sedevacantists, denying the existence of a pope in the Church after that period. Sed- evacantism is more present in the United States and in Europe, but also, gradually, some peo- ple in Brazil adhere to this position. Among the many branches of sedevacantism, the Cassi- ciacum Thesis is noteworthy, formulated by the Dominican Michel Guérard des Lauriers (1898-1988). This paper will examine the importance of the life and work of the author of the Cassiciacum Thesis, in order to understand what sedevacantism is, as well as compare this Thesis with favorable and unfavorable scholars. One will see that this Thesis approaches the subject of papacy in a creative way, unlike other approaches done so far. Nevertheless, one can conclude that the Thesis is limited both intrinsically, due to its arguments, and extrinsical- ly, by relying on a subjective analysis restricted to a particular and fleeting papacy. Keywords : Sedevacantism, Second Vatican Council, Michel Guérard des Lauriers, Papacy, Cassiciacum thesis. LISTA DE SIGLAS AAS – Acta Apostolicae Sedis CDC – Código de Direito Canônico de 1983 CTI – Comissão Teológica Internacional DH – Denzinger-Hünermann DTC – Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique FSSPX – Fraternidade Sacerdotal São Pio X LG – Lumen Gentium OP – Ordem dos Pregadores PL – Patrologia Latina SSPV – Sociedade de São Pio V SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................................ 6 CAPÍTULO I ASPECTOS BIOGRÁFICOS DE MICHEL LOUIS GUÉRARD DES LAURIERS ............................................................................................................................... 9 1.1. Do nascimento ao ingresso na Ordem dos Pregadores (O. P.) .......... 9 1.2. De suas experiências e trabalhos como teólogo anteriores à elaboração da Tese de Cassicíaco ................................................................ 14 1.3. Surgimento da Tese de Cassicíaco ..................................................... 20 1.4. Aspectos biográficos de Pierre Martin Ngo Dinh Thuc ................... 24 1.5. Desenvolvimentos finais da Tese de Cassicíaco e falecimento de Michel Guérard des Lauriers ....................................................................... 28 CAPÍTULO II A TESE DE CASSICÍACO ........................................................................... 33 2.1. A Tese de Cassicíaco segundo Michel Guérard des Lauriers .......... 33 2.2. A Tese de Cassicíaco segundo um comentador favorável à mesma 40 2.3. A Tese de Cassicíaco segundo um comentador desfavorável à mesma ............................................................................................................. 49 2.4. A Tese de Cassicíaco segundo um ex-defensor da mesma ............... 55 CAPÍTULO III CONSEQUÊNCIAS PÓSTUMAS DA TESE DE CASSICÍACO ............... 60 3.1. Autores e grupos posteriores que apoiaram a Tese de Cassicíaco .. 61 3.2. Posicionamento da Tese de Cassicíaco para além dos seus seguidores ..... 65 3.3. O papa enquanto pedra de tropeço .................................................... 70 3.4. A questão do papa herege ................................................................... 77 3.5. Ser menos alarmista diante de uma autoridade problemática ........ 80 CONCLUSÃO ........................................................................................................................ 85 BIBLIOGRAFIA .................................................................................................................... 89 SAGRADA ESCRITURA............................................................................. 89 MAGISTÉRIO .............................................................................................. 89 GERAL ........................................................................................................... 90 APÊNDICE ............................................................................................................................. 97 6 INTRODUÇÃO Em muitos países do mundo cresce o número de adeptos de uma corrente de pensa- mento, por enquanto minoritária, conhecida comumente como movimento sedevacantista . Esta pesquisa buscará trazer à luz um assunto que já é presente nos Estados Unidos e na Eu- ropa e que começa aos poucos a surgir no Brasil. Esse assunto é bem presente em textos na Internet, mas faltam fontes mais sólidas, como textos acadêmicos e teológicos, para enrique- cer o estudo. Há alguns dicionários e enciclopédias modernos do catolicismo que começam a tratar do termo sedevacantismo , mostrando sua importância, mas ainda apenas em linhas ge- rais, como é próprio a esses tipos de publicações. Buscar-se-á, assim, auxiliar as pessoas que querem se inteirar da origem da corrente sedevacantista e sanar o problema de se ter uma compreensão fragmentada, incompleta ou estereotipada do assunto que pode levar a conclusões errôneas e precipitadas. No primeiro capítulo, ver-se-á aspectos biográficos de Guérard des Lauriers, pois para entender uma ideia convém também conhecer o autor dessa ideia. Num segundo capítulo, a Tese de Cassicíaco é exposta pelo próprio autor Guérard des Lauriers, bem como por meio de outros autores, sejam favoráveis ou desfavoráveis ao sistema exposto pela Tese. Enfim, no terceiro capítulo, ver-se-á os desdobramentos póstumos da Tese, sua influência no movimento sedevacantista, bem como algumas comparações feitas com outras obras que tratam do mes- mo assunto do papado na Igreja. De modo simplificado, tal corrente defende que um papa perde o múnus de Romano Pontífice em certas condições adicionais às duas já previstas pelo Código de Direito Canônico de 1983 (a saber, através da livre e espontânea renúncia ou devido ao seu falecimento) 1. Uma condição adicional considerada em especial pelos sedevacantistas consiste em um papa não ter a intenção habitual de buscar o bem da Igreja, não recebendo assim, segundo eles, a comu- nicação da autoridade pontifical, não podendo, em consequência, ser o vigário de Cristo na terra. 2 Não apenas tal possibilidade é defendida, como ela também é aplicada em casos con- cretos pelos seguidores do sedevacantismo, declarando não serem verdadeiros papas os últi- mos Romanos Pontífices após o Concílio Vaticano II, havendo pequenas variações entre os diversos grupos sedevacantistas sobre exatamente quais papas ainda seriam reconhecidos co- 1 Cf. Código de Direito Canônico de 1983, cânon 332 §2. 2 Cf. RICOSSA, Francesco. L’élection du pape. In: SODALITIUM: ÉDITION FRANÇAISE. Verrua Savoia: Centro Librario Sodalitium, n. 54, p. 5-17, dezembro 2002, p. 15. 7 mo tais devido à diversidade de juízos de valor que fazem sobre as ações de cada papa. Al- guns, por exemplo, ainda consideram João XXIII como verdadeiro papa, outros não. Mas de onde teria surgido essa amplificação das condições de perda do cargo pontifi- cal? O que motivou o surgimento dessa visão diferente acerca do múnus papal? Qual contexto e personagens colaboraram para a elaboração desta hipótese teológica que é chamada de se- devacantista? Essas e outras questões
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