DOCSLIB.ORG

Journalism, Election Campaigns and Democracy in Ghana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Journalism, Election Campaigns and Democracy in Ghana JOURNALISM, MEDIA AND CULTURAL STUDIES JOURNALISM, ELECTION CAMPAIGNS AND DEMOCRACY IN GHANA A Thesis in partial fulfilment for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY EBO AFFUL September 2016 Table of Contents Dedication…..................................................................................................................................vii Acknowledgment………………………………………………………………..........................viii Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………...ix Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………….......................x List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………........xii List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………….xii Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 The media…………………………………………………………………………………..4 1.2 News media and politics………………………………..…..................................................7 1.3 Structural Development: The experience of Ghana............................................................. .7 1.3.1 The old order gives way to new ………………………………….………………………..9 1.3.2. The political system in Ghana……………………………………………………………10 1.3.3 The party system …………………………………………………………………............13 1.3.4 The media system ………………………………………………………………………..16 1.4 The 2008 election………………………………………....................................................16 1.4.1 The 2008 presidential run-off……………………………………………………..............17 1.5 The 2012 election………………………………………………………………………....19 1.6 Problem statement …………………………………………………………………….....21 1.7 Research objective ……………………………………………………………………….22 1.8 Significance of the study ………………………………………………………….............23 i 1.9 Organisation of the study …………………………………………………………………24 Chapter 2: Literature Review Understanding democracy, media and the public sphere 2.1 Overview of the chapter…..................................................................................................25 2.2 Democracy: the debate…...................................................................................................29 2.3 Democracy: Its challenges ………………………………………………………………29 2.3.1 The tyranny of the majority ……………………………………………………………..30 2.3.2 Voters as irrational in democracy …………………………………….............................32 2.4 Deliberative democracy and participatory democracy: Towards democratic efficiency …………………………………………………………34 2.5 Limitations to the application of liberal democracy in Africa…………………………..35 2.5.1 Lack of economic freedom ……………………………………………………………..35 2.5.2 The ethnic factor ………………………………………………………………………..36 2.5.3 The entrenchment of political elites …………………………………………………....38 2.6 Two seemingly obstacles to democracy ……………………………………………......39 2.7 The public sphere and democratic media………………..………………………………44 2.8 The media, the public sphere and the African experience……………………….............48 2.9 Summary of the Chapter…………………………………………………………………49 Chapter 3: Introducing the conceptual framework: Framing and gatekeeping theories 3.1 Overview of the chapter…................................................................................................50 3.2 The theory of framing …………………………………………………………………..55 3.2.1 Game frames: Conceptual definitions…………………………………………………..59 3.2.2 Personalization: Conceptual definitions ……………………………………………… 61 ii 3.3 The concept of media bias ………………………………………..................................62 3.3.1 Forms of media bias ……………………………………………………………….......63 3.4 Gatekeeping theory ……………………………………………………………............65 3.5 Development journalism ………………………………………………………………67 3.5.1 Development journalism: Redefined ………………………………………………….69 3.6 Summary of the chapter ………………………………………………………………..71 Chapter 4: Framing election campaigns: A survey of evidence 4.1 Overview Of The chapter…...............................................................................................72 4.2 Election campaigns framing across the globe………………………..…………………79 4.3 Summary of the chapter………………………………………………………................81 Chapter 5: Methodology 5.1 Overview of the chapter……………………………………………………………….....83 5.2 Mixed method approach …………………………………………………………………84 5.3 Content analysis…..................................................................................................... .......86 5.4 Getting at the sample …....................................................................................................87 5.5 The content unit of analysis…………………………………………..………………….88 5.6 Analysing the election campaign frames ………………………………………………. 88 5.7 Data analysis technique ……………………………………………………………….. .89 5.8 The in-depth interviews ………………………………………………………………....90 5.9 Interview guide ………………………………………………………………………….93 5.10 Analysis of the in-depth interviews findings …………………………………………....93 5.11 Summary of the chapter …………………………………………………………………94 iii Chapter 6: Horse race verses issue/policy framing: Ghana’s story 6.1 Overview of the chapter………………………………………………………………...96 6.2 Issue-based election ……………………………………………………………………104 6.3 Peace: The dominant theme ……………………………………………………………107 6.3.1 Does peace matter: As an election campaign issue in Ghana? ……………………......112 6.4 Economy: The significant campaign issue ……………………………………………113 6.5 Free Senior High School: The most contested issue……………………………...........115 6.6 Why the dominance of issues/policies framing?..................................................... ........116 6.7 Horse race framing: To what extent is it an issue? …………………………………......119 6.7.1 Horse race and two-party political system …………………………………………......121 6.8 Political party driven campaign coverage…………………………………………........123 6.9 Response to research question one……………………………………………………...126 6.10 The summary of the chapter…………………………………………………………......128 Chapter 7: Personalization of election campaigns in Ghana 7.1 Overview of the Chapter………………………………………………………...............129 7.2 Space allocations to candidates.…………………………………………………………135 7.3 The Ghanaian state-owned press and incumbency advantage ………………………….140 7.4 Press personalization in Ghana: some factors…….…...………………………..............142 7.5 Which candidate went pass the news gates more? ……………………………………...147 7.6 Did more coverage yield positive coverage for Nana Addo? …………………………..151 7.7 Comparison of negative framing of candidates………………………………………….158 7.8 Response to research question two………………………………………………………158 7.9 Summary of the chapter………………………………………………………………….161 iv Chapter 8: Cash: Is it really defining Ghana’s election campaign journalism? 8.1 Overview of the chapter …………………………………………………………..........163 8.2 What constitutes ‘soli’ journalism? …………………………………………………….164 8.3 ‘Brown envelope’ journalism: Where did it come from?.................................................165 8.4 Election journalists and ‘soli’ ……………………………………………………… ….167 8.5 What accounts for ‘soli’ journalism?...........…………………………………………....173 8.6 ‘Soli’ journalism and ethical consideration………………………….…………………177 8.7 Global model of journalistic profession: Does it really matter?......................................181 8.8 News commercialization, ‘soli’ and the public interest in Ghana………………………183 8.8.1 Commercialization: Its effects on journalism practice in Ghana……………………185 8.9 Response to research question three………………… …………………………………186 8.10 Summary of the chapter ………………………………………………………………187 Chapter 9: Conclusion 9.1 Overview of findings…………………………………………………………………...191 9.2 Media framing of Ghana’s election campaigns: concluding discussion……………......191 9.3 Framing and gatekeeping practices: Implications for Ghana’s election coverage …… .192 9.3.1 Framing theory…………………………………………………………………….. ..193 9.3.2 Gatekeeping theory……………………………………………………………….......195 9.3.3 Agenda-Setting theory…...……………………………………………………… … .196 9.4 ‘Protocol journalism and election journalism in Ghana…….……………………...…..200 9.5 Rethinking the model of political communication………………………………….….201 9.6 Towards democratic culture in Ghana: Contribution of journalism……………….…..204 9.7 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...205 v 9.8 Contribution to knowledge…………………………………………………………. 206 9.9 Limitations of study………………………………………………………………….207 9.10 Future research directions…………………………………………………………..207 References…………………………………………………………………………….. .233 Appendix A: Code book Appendix B: In-depth interview letters to editors Appendix C: Question guide for editors Appendix D: Samples of published election campaigns stories vi Dedication To the memory of my mother, Yeboaba Ansah, The source of my life and To my father, Kojo Afful, The source of my academic progress vii Acknowledgement This PhD thesis would not have been a reality without the support and encouragement of many gallant people. Many thanks to my incredible supervisors, Professor Karin Wahl-Jorgensen and Dr Stephen Cushion, who read a number of my earlier revisions and assisted me to finally make some sense out of the confusion. My thanks also goes to my wife, Christy, for her love and for enduring this long process of absence with me. My children, Yeboaba, Fotwe and Edem, for their inspiration and deep interest in the work and my brothers, sisters and Paakow, for their encouragement. Finally, sincere thanks to my friends, for their support. viii Abstract Political communication literature has documented various forms of framing election campaigns although that on Ghana are few. These included issues, horse race, coverage tone and presidential candidates’ media visibility leading to an incumbency advantage. These are normally attributed to news values that reflect political power such as relevance and politicians’ elite status. Hence, this study is intended to explore explanation for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Overview Chapter Outline
    Chapter 12 – The Media 1 OVERVIEW Changes in American politics have been accompanied by—and influenced by—changes in the mass media. The rise of strong national political party organizations was facilitated by the emergence of mass- circulation daily newspapers. Political reform movements depended in part on the development of national magazines catering to middle-class opinion. The weakening of political parties was accelerated by the ability of candidates to speak directly to constituents via radio and television. The role of journalists in a democratic society poses an inevitable dilemma: If they are to serve well as information gatherers, gatekeepers, scorekeepers, and watchdogs, they must be free of government controls. But to the extent that they are free of such controls, they are also free to act in their own political or economic interests. In the United States, a competitive press largely free of government controls has contributed to a substantial diversity of opinion and a general (though not unanimous) commitment to the goal of fairness in news reporting. The national media are in general more liberal than the local media, but the extent to which a reporter’s beliefs affect reporting varies greatly with the kind of story—routine, feature, or insider. CHAPTER OUTLINE I. Introduction • Television and the Internet are key parts of the New Media; newspapers and magazines are part of the Old Media. And when it comes to politics, the New Media are getting stronger and the Old Media are getting weaker. II. The Media and Politics • America has had a long tradition of privately owned media • Although newspapers require no government permission to operate, radio and television do.
    [Show full text]
  • Journalistic Ethics and the Right-Wing Media Jason Mccoy University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Professional Projects from the College of Journalism Journalism and Mass Communications, College of and Mass Communications Spring 4-18-2019 Journalistic Ethics and the Right-Wing Media Jason McCoy University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismprojects Part of the Broadcast and Video Studies Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Journalism Studies Commons, Mass Communication Commons, and the Other Communication Commons McCoy, Jason, "Journalistic Ethics and the Right-Wing Media" (2019). Professional Projects from the College of Journalism and Mass Communications. 20. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/journalismprojects/20 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Journalism and Mass Communications, College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Professional Projects from the College of Journalism and Mass Communications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Journalistic Ethics and the Right-Wing Media Jason Mccoy University of Nebraska-Lincoln This paper will examine the development of modern media ethics and will show that this set of guidelines can and perhaps should be revised and improved to match the challenges of an economic and political system that has taken advantage of guidelines such as “objective reporting” by creating too many false equivalencies. This paper will end by providing a few reforms that can create a better media environment and keep the public better informed. As it was important for journalism to improve from partisan media to objective reporting in the past, it is important today that journalism improves its practices to address the right-wing media’s attack on journalism and avoid too many false equivalencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductions Supplied by EDRS Are the Best That Can Be Made from the Original Document
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 459 500 CS 510 718 TITLE Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (84th, Washington, DC, August 5-8, 2001) . Miscellaneous. INSTITUTION Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication. PUB DATE 2001-08-00 NOTE 256p.; For other sections of the 2001 proceedings, see CS 510 704-724. PUB TYPE Collected Works Proceedings (021) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Agenda Setting; Broadcast Television; Content Analysis; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; *Journalism Education; *News Media; *Political Campaigns; Student Attitudes IDENTIFIERS *Civic Journalism; Cross National Studies; International News; Journalists; Olympic Games Boycotts; Senate; Television News; *Television News Magazines; Virginia ABSTRACT The Miscellaneous section of the proceedings contains the following papers: "Hype versus Substance in the Final Weeks of the Broadcast Television Networks' 2000 Presidential Election Campaign Coverage" (Julia R. Fox and James Angelini); "Commercial Quality Influence on Perceptions of Television News" (Stephen Perry, Dana Trunnell; Chris Moore, and Cori Ellis) "To Be on TV or To Be a TV Journalist: Students' and Professionals' Perceptions of the Role of Journalism in Society" (Ron F. Smith and George Bagley); "Network Television Coverage of the 1980 and 1984 Olympic Boycotts: A Content Analysis of the Evening News on ABC, CBS, and NBC" (Anthony Moretti); "Gatekeeping International News: An Attitudinal Profile of U.S. Television Journalists" (Hun Shik Kim); "A Content Analysis of Television News Magazines: Commodification and Public Interest" (Kuo-Feng Tseng); "Agenda Setting and Its Theoretical Elaboration" (Namkee Park); "National News Cultures: Towards a Profile of Journalists Using Cross-National Survey Findings" (Mark Deuze); and "Civic Journalism in the 2000 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • 763690Cas0ghan000public0
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 76369-GH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION MULTILATERAL INVESTMENT GUARANTEE AGENCY Public Disclosure Authorized COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY FOR THE REPUBLIC OF GHANA FOR THE PERIOD FY13-FY16 August 20, 2013 Public Disclosure Authorized Ghana Country Management Unit Africa Region International Finance Corporation - Sub-Saharan Africa Ghana Regional Office Public Disclosure Authorized Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official Duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. The date of the last Country Assistance Strategy Progress Report was March 1st, 2010 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of July 1st, 2013) US$1.00 = New Ghana Cedi 2.03 FISCAL YEAR January 1st – December 31st ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AAA Analytical and Advisory FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Activities Facility ALTTFP Abidjan Lagos Transport and FDI Foreign Direct Investment Trade Facilitation Project FIP Forest Investment Plan BoG Bank of Ghana FSAP Financial Sector Assessment BOP Balance of Payments Program CAS Country Assistance Strategy FY Financial Year CASCR CAS Completion Report GAMA Greater Accra Metropolitan CASPR CAS Progress Report Area Sanitation and Water CMU Country Management Unit Project COCOBOD Ghana Cocoa Board GCAP Ghana Commercial Agriculture CPS Country Partnership Strategy Project
    [Show full text]
  • Download Date 28/09/2021 19:08:59
    Ghana: From fragility to resilience? Understanding the formation of a new political settlement from a critical political economy perspective Item Type Thesis Authors Ruppel, Julia Franziska Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 28/09/2021 19:08:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15062 University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. GHANA: FROM FRAGILITY TO RESILIENCE? J.F. RUPPEL PHD 2015 Ghana: From fragility to resilience? Understanding the formation of a new political settlement from a critical political economy perspective Julia Franziska RUPPEL Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities University of Bradford 2015 GHANA: FROM FRAGILITY TO RESILIENCE? UNDERSTANDING THE FORMATION OF A NEW POLITICAL SETTLEMENT FROM A CRITICAL POLITICAL ECONOMY PERSPECTIVE Julia Franziska RUPPEL ABSTRACT Keywords: Critical political economy; electoral politics; Ghana; political settle- ment; power relations; social change; statebuilding and state formation During the late 1970s Ghana was described as a collapsed and failed state. In contrast, today it is hailed internationally as beacon of democracy and stability in West Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Development and the Public Sphere: the Rights to Hear and Be Heard in Ghana Duke Law School Seminar and Fact-Finding Trip to Ghana
    Duke Law Duke Law Scholarship Repository Duke Law Student Papers Series Student Works 5-21-2013 Democratic Development and the Public Sphere: The Rights to Hear and be Heard in Ghana Duke Law School Seminar and Fact-Finding Trip to Ghana Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/studentpapers Part of the African Languages and Societies Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Politics and Social Change Commons Repository Citation Duke Law School Seminar and Fact-Finding Trip to Ghana, Democratic Development and the Public Sphere: The Rights to Hear and be Heard in Ghana (2013) This Other is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Duke Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Duke Law Student Papers Series by an authorized administrator of Duke Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Democratic Development and the Public Sphere: The Rights to Hear and be Heard in Ghana Final Report of the Duke Law School Seminar and Fact-Finding Trip to Ghana May 21, 2013 1 Table of Contents I. Project Overview ............................................................................................................. 4 A. Freedom of Information in a Developing Nation .................................................................................................. 4 B. Class Objective and Overview ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Ghana Industrial Skills Development Center 169 Notes 171
    A WORLD BANK STUDY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Demand and Supply of Skills in Ghana Public Disclosure Authorized HOW CAN TRAINING PROGRAMS IMPROVE EMPLOYMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY? Public Disclosure Authorized Peter Darvas and Robert Palmer Demand and Supply of Skills in Ghana A WORLD BANK STUDY Demand and Supply of Skills in Ghana How Can Training Programs Improve Employment and Productivity? Peter Darvas and Robert Palmer Washington, D.C. © 2014 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 17 16 15 14 World Bank Studies are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development com- munity with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally edited texts. This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, inter- pretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Country of Origin Information Key Documents Ghana August 2008
    COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION KEY DOCUMENTS GHANA 27 AUGUST 2008 UK Border Agency COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE GHANA 27 AUGUST 2008 Contents Page 1. PREFACE .............................................................................................. 3 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION ABOUT GHANA.......................................... 5 Geography .................................................................................... 5 Recent history .............................................................................. 6 Recent events and political developments................................ 7 Economy ....................................................................................... 8 Human rights ................................................................................ 9 Women………………………………………………………………….10 Prison conditions for women ................................................. 11 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) .......................................... 11 Forced marriage.................................................................... 11 Domestic violence ................................................................. 12 Trafficking ..................................................................................... 12 Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender persons ..................... 13 3. INDEX TO KEY SOURCE DOCUMENTS ..................................................... 14 Key facts and geography............................................................. 14 Map ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What Makes the Front Page News in an Election Year:A
    University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh WHAT MAKES THE FRONT PAGE NEWS IN AN ELECTION YEAR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DAILY GRAPHIC AND DAILY GUIDE NEWSPAPERS, 2016. BY LINDA ENYONAM GOGOVI (10387115) THIS DISSERTATION IS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA, LEGON IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS (MA) COMMUNICATION STUDIES DEGREE. OCTOBER, 2017 University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DECLARATION I declare that except for references to other people’s work which have been duly acknowledged, this dissertation is as a result of my own research conducted at the Department of Communication Studies, University of Ghana, Legon. The work was supervised by Professor Audrey Gadzekpo …………………………………………………… LINDA ENYONAM GOGOVI M.A COMMUNICATION STUDIES (STUDENT) DATE: ...………………………………………… ………………………………………………… PROFESSOR AUDREY GADZEKPO (SUPERVISOR) DATE: …………………………………………………. i University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my adorable mother, Ruth Ama Gogovi for being a loving and praying mother, to my late father Godwin Kwesi Gogovi for inculcating in me the value of education and also to my Prophet Bishop Dag Heward-Mills, pastor of the Firstlove Church. Thank you for all the blessings spoken over my life. You are cherished. ii University of Ghana http://ugspace.ug.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I give praise to Darling Jesus Christ who provided me the grace, strength and help throughout my time of study and the writing of this dissertation. Writing of this study would have been impossible without Him. A big thank you to my supervisor Professor Audrey Gadzekpo for the time sacrificed to give valuable inputs and also to Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Consolidation in Ghana and Nigeria: Understanding the Role
    DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION IN GHANA AND NIGERIA: UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF THE POLITICAL ELITES A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science at the University of Canterbury By Peter O. Nwokeke Supervisors: Professor Alexander Tan Assoc.Professor James Ockey Dr. Scott Walker DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND 2019 i Table of contents ______________________________________________________________________ Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... v Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... ix Chapter One ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Research Focus and Background of the Study ............................................................................ 1 1.2 Research Question ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Profiles of Selected Countries ..................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 The Ghanaian State
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Health Ghana
    Ministry of Health Ghana Pulling together, achieving more INDEPENDENT REVIEW HEALTH SECTOR PROGRAMME OF WORK 2008 (DRAFT) April 2009 Draft Report ‐ Ghana annual independent health sector review for 2008 Table of contents Table of contents ii List of tables iv List of figures v Acknowledgements vi Acronyms vii Executive summary x 1 Background on Ghana 1 2 Introduction to the independent review 2 3 Sector‐wide indicators: targets and achievements in 2008 3 4 Service delivery 7 4.1 Clinical services 7 4.1.1 Quality of care 7 4.1.2 Referral System 13 4.1.3 Acute referral 14 4.1.4 Disaster and Epidemic Preparedness 16 4.2 MGD 4 (Child Health) and MDG 6 (Disease Control) 17 4.3 MDG 5 Maternal Health 21 4.4 Regenerative Health and Nutrition 27 4.5 District Health Information Management System 28 5 Human resource rationalisation 30 5.1 The Roundtable conference 30 5.2 Human resource production 30 5.3 Human resource distribution 31 5.4 Human resource productivity 33 5.5 Human resource wage bill 34 5.6 Conclusions and recommendations 35 6 Health financing and public finance management 37 6.1 Introduction: public financial management in Ghana 37 6.2 PFM in the health sector 37 6.2.1 Background 37 6.3 Financial position and trends 1 – revenues and sources of funds 40 6.4 Financial position and trends 2 – expenditures and budget execution 43 ii Draft Report ‐ Ghana annual independent health sector review for 2008 6.4.1 Budget execution 43 6.5 Key issues in PFM in the health sector 45 6.5.1 Staffing and capacity 45 6.6 Budgeting, the POW and the Financial
    [Show full text]
  • History of Ghana Advisory Board
    THE HISTORY OF GHANA ADVISORY BOARD John T. Alexander Professor of History and Russian and European Studies, University of Kansas Robert A. Divine George W. Littlefield Professor in American History Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin John V. Lombardi Professor of History, University of Florida THE HISTORY OF GHANA Roger S. Gocking The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations Frank W. Thackeray and John E. Findiing, Series Editors Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut • London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cocking, Roger. The history of Ghana / Roger S. Gocking. p. cm. — (The Greenwood histories of the modern nations, ISSN 1096-2905) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-313-31894-8 (alk. paper) 1. Ghana—History. I. Title. II. Series. DT510.5.G63 2005 966.7—dc22 2004028236 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright © 2005 by Roger S. Gocking All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2004028236 ISBN: 0-313-31894-8 ISSN: 1096-2905 First published in 2005 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10 987654321 Contents Series Foreword vii Frank W. Thackeray and John
    [Show full text]