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ZZZ087 White Rock Ridge Wind Farm 2009 04 17 WHITE ROCK RIDGE WIND FARM Robbins Island VEGETATION SURVEY AND FAUNA HABITAT ASSESSMENT For Eureka Funds Management 17 April 2009 ZZZ087 Andrew North [email protected] Philip Barker [email protected] 163 Campbell Street Hobart TAS 7000 Telephone 03. 6231 9788 Facsimile 03. 6231 9877 White Rock Ridge Windfarm Botanical Survey and Fauna Habitat Assessment SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS A series of vegetation surveys and assessments of flora and fauna conservation values have been undertaken of land affected by the proposal to construct a wind farm on Robbins Island. The area of investigation includes the western half of the island incorporating White Rock Ridge as well as the Robbins Island Rd on mainland Tasmania which may require some upgrading. Two surveys have been completed - summer 2003 and spring 2008. Particular attention has been given to determine the significance of Robbins Island for orchid species. The western side Robbins Island is characterised by a low quartzite ridge and coastal flats. It occupies approximately 3300 ha which includes mostly coastal heathland and buttongrass interspersed with tea-tree and paperbark scrub, with emergent eucalypts. There are areas of low smithton peppermint woodland associated with quartzite outcrops and a few small copses of old growth stringybark and brookers gum. There has been recent conversion of land on the south western side to pasture affecting approximately 200 ha. The vegetation is diverse and rich in native flora and fauna habitat. A significant proportion has been affected by two wildfires in recent times, of which one has had a devastating effect, burning out peat lands and exposing bedrock. One of the vegetation communities is listed as threatened under the Tasmanian Nature Conservation Act 2002. This is E. brookeriana forest (WBR), but its extent is localised to a small patch less than 0.5 ha in size. Generally the orchid flora is moderately diverse although abundance and richness of significant species is considered low. Two species recorded in these studies are recognised as threatened under state legislation (Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995), and one is of national significance (Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999). • Northern leek orchid (Prasophyllum secutum) is a Tasmanian endemic which is listed as endangered under both acts. Plants most closely resembling this species were recorded from one location. • Mauve-tufted sun orchid (Thelymitra malvina) is listed as endangered under State legislation. This was found to be widespread but uncommon on the island. It is likely to occur at sites additional to those documented in this report. The development of a wind farm on the western half of Robbins Island will involve some impact to the native vegetation. However it is possible to limit this impact to a low level as much of the vegetation is of low stature so that clearance need only occur within the immediate footprint of infrastructure development. Placement of infrastructure to avoid localised habitats and known threatened species sites should be able to be achieved. Robbins Island, as with many similar habitats in northwest Tasmania has been subject to land use change as part of agricultural development. This has impacted on the biodiversity values and continues to present a potential outcome for much of the study area. This project could be seen as an opportunity through conditions of approval to ensure an outcome which preserves the natural ecology of the balance land in the vicinity of the project area. It is recommended that micro siting surveys are undertaken once layout design has been developed. This would inform threatened species permit requirements and North Barker Ecosystem Services i ZZZ087 17_04_2009 White Rock Ridge Windfarm Botanical Survey and Fauna Habitat Assessment where possible allow for minor adjustments to infrastructure locations to minimise the impact to threatened orchids. The proposal is likely to require a Forest Practices Plan under the Forest Practices Act 1985. Very few exotic weeds were found, and none are listed on the Weed Management Act 1999. The type of earthworks and subsequent access associated with the proposal would increase the susceptibility of the area to future weed infestation. The heathland environment is also highly susceptible to the root rot pathogen – Phytophthora cinnamomi. A weed and pathogen risk minimisation plan should be implemented to reduce the risk. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Fieldwork: Andrew North, David Ziegeler, Karen Ziegler and Karen Johnson NBES Property owners and on ground support: John Hammond Report preparation: Andrew North, NBES Mapping: Sue Jungalwalla, NBES Photographs: Karen Ziegler, Andrew North, NBES, all from 2003 and 2008 surveys of study areas Project Management: Philip Millin, Millin Environmental Management Initial advice (2003) on threatened lichens – Dr Gintaras Kantvilas, Tasmanian Herbarium Identification of lichens (2009) - Dr Emma Pharo, University of Tasmania Orchid Advice – Mark and Hans Wasptra – Prasophyllum secutum - Jeff Jeanes, National Herbarium of Victoria – Thelymitra malvina North, Barker Ecosystem Services, 2009. This work is protected under Australian Copyright law. The contents and format of this report cannot be used by anyone for any purpose other than that expressed in the service contract for this report without the written permission of North, Barker and Associates - Ecosystem Services. North Barker Ecosystem Services ii ZZZ087 17_04_2009 White Rock Ridge Windfarm Botanical Survey and Fauna Habitat Assessment CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.2 THE STUDY AREA 1 Figure 1 – Project location 2 Figure 2 – Outline of study areas 3 2. BOTANICAL SURVEY AND FAUNA HABITAT ASSESSMENT 4 2.1 BACKGROUND RESEARCH 4 2.2 BOTANICAL SURVEY 4 2.3 FAUNA HABITAT ASSESSMENT 4 2.4 MAPPING 5 2.5 ASSESSMENT OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE 5 2.6 LIMITATIONS 5 3. THE BIOLOGICAL VALUES 7 3.1 THE VEGETATION 7 Figure 3 - Vegetation Robbins Island White Rock Ridge 15 Figure 4: Vegetation Robins Island Road 16 3.2 FLORA OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE 18 3.3 FAUNA HABITAT 26 3.4 FAUNA OF CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE 27 Figure 5: Surveys and Threatened flora 30 3.5 INTRODUCED PLANTS 31 3.6 PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI 31 4. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT 32 4.1 NATIVE VEGETATION 32 4.2 SIGNIFICANT FLORA 32 4.3 SIGNIFICANT FAUNA HABITAT 33 4.4 PC AND WEEDS 33 5. IMPACT MINIMIZATION 34 6. LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATIONS 35 6.1 COMMONWEALTH ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 35 6.2 TASMANIAN THREATENED SPECIES PROTECTION ACT 1995 35 6.3 TASMANIAN WEED MANAGEMENT ACT 1999 35 6.4 TASMANIAN FOREST PRACTISES ACT 1985 36 7. RECOMMENDATIONS 37 REFERENCES 38 North Barker Ecosystem Services iii ZZZ087 17_04_2009 White Rock Ridge Windfarm Botanical Survey and Fauna Habitat Assessment APPENDICES APPENDIX 1 - CONSERVATION VALUES OF PLANT AND ANIMAL SPECIES 40 APPENDIX 2 - LEGISLATIVE IMPLICATIONS OF THREATENED SPECIES 41 APPENDIX 3 – THREATENED ORCHID CORE SEARCH TIMES FOR ROBBINS ISLAND 43 APPENDIX 4 – ORCHID SPECIES RECORDED ON ROBBINS ISLAND 44 APPENDIX 5 – PLANT COMMUNITIES 49 APPENDIX 6 – VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES LIST 53 APPENDIX 7 - FAUNA RECORDED ON ROBBINS ISLAND 60 APPENDIX 8 – EPBC ACT PROTECTED MATTERS REPORT 61 North Barker Ecosystem Services iv ZZZ087 17_04_2009 White Rock Ridge Windfarm Botanical Survey and Fauna Habitat Assessment 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND It is proposed to develop a wind farm to produce electricity on Robbins Island in the far north west of Tasmania. The development would include the construction of up to 150 turbine bearing towers on the highest and most wind exposed sites on the western side of the island along White Rock Ridge. The turbines require a pad on which to be constructed and the clearance and hardening of an adjacent pad to accommodate a crane during construction. Each turbine requires an access road. At this stage of the feasibility study the number of turbines and their precise location is unknown. In 2003 Pacific Hydro engaged North Barker and Associates – Ecosystem Services to undertake a botanical survey and fauna habitat assessment of the area to determine and document the botanical values and terrestrial fauna values and to make written recommendations to minimise impact. A written report was prepared at that time. The project never proceeded beyond planning due to the inherent limitations of low renewable energy targets at that time. In 2008 the project was restarted under the authority of Eureka Funds Management. The area of potential wind turbine placement has been increased thus enlarging the study area for this project. North Barker Ecosystem Services have been recommissioned to extend the original survey area and to also address matters raised in the original report, specifically the potential for the site to support orchids and other ephemeral species that would have been overlooked by a summer survey. This study also extends to include the Robbins Island Road which may require widening to accommodate the vehicles needed to access the island. This report presents the results of both the 2003 and 2008 surveys. This report documents the findings in accordance with the standard DPIW brief for flora and fauna consultants with modification of the fauna study to consider threatened species habitat only1. 1.2 THE STUDY AREA The study area occupies the full length of White Rock Ridge on the west side of Robbins Island extending to within 500m of the western coastal boundary. This area is approximately 13km in length and up to 4km at its widest point. The total area on Robbins Island covers 3300 ha. Robbins Island Road on mainland Tasmania is also included. The study investigated a corridor 10 m either side of the existing road from its junction with Montagu Road to Robbins Passage, a length of approximately 3.5km. The property receives between 750 and 1000 mm of rain per annum and is characterised by Holocene sand deposits over Precambrian quartzite which outcrops in several places most notably in the north of the study area at Lanes Tor.
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