DOCSLIB.ORG

Red Lines and Green Lights: Iran, Nuclear Arms Control, and Nonproliferation Commentary

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Red Lines and Green Lights: Iran, Nuclear Arms Control, and Nonproliferation Commentary SPRING 2016 Volume 10, No. 1 Commentary Thinking about Peace: Negative Terms versus Positive Outcomes Paul F. Diehl Red Lines and Green Lights: Iran, Nuclear Arms Control, and Nonproliferation James H. Lebovic Revealed Preference and the Minimum Requirements SPRING 2016 SPRING of Nuclear Deterrence Dallas Boyd NATO’s Readiness Action Plan: Strategic Benefits and Outstanding Challenges John-Michael Arnold Deterrence Adrift?: Mapping Conflict and Escalation in South Asia Ryan French Book Essay: Nuclear Weapons Redux Roger Gran Harrison Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen Mark A. Welsh III, USAF Mission Statement Commander, Air Education and Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ ) is the strategic journal of the United Training Command States Air Force, fostering intellectual enrichment for national and in- Lt Gen Darryl L. Roberson, USAF ternational security professionals. SSQ provides a forum for critically Commander and President, Air University examining, informing, and debating national and international security Lt Gen Steven L. Kwast, USAF matters. Contributions to SSQ will explore strategic issues of current and Director and Publisher, Air Force Research Institute continuing interest to the US Air Force, the larger defense community, Allen G. Peck and our international partners. Editorial Staff Disclaimer Col W. Michael Guillot, USAF, Retired, Editor Ernest A. Rockwell, PhD, Content Editor The views and opinions expressed or implied in SSQ are those of the Vivian D. O’Neal, Prepress Production Manager authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of Tammi K. Dacus, Editorial Assistant the US Air Force, the Department of Defense, Air Education and Train- Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator ing Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. Advisors Gen Michael P. C. Carns, USAF, Retired Allen G. Peck Comments Christina Goulter, PhD We encourage you to e-mail your comments, suggestions, or address Robert P. Haffa, PhD Jay P. Kesan, PhD change to: [email protected]. Charlotte Ku, PhD Benjamin S. Lambeth, PhD Article Submission John T. LaSaine, PhD Allan R. Millett, PhD The SSQ considers scholarly articles between 5,000 and 15,000 words from US and international authors. Please send your submission in Microsoft Contributing Editors Word format via e-mail to: School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Stephen D. Chiabotti, PhD [email protected] Mark J. Conversino, PhD — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — The Spaatz Center Charles E. Costanzo, PhD Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) Kimberly A. Hudson, PhD 155 N. Twining Street, Building 693 Michael R. Kraig, PhD Maxwell AFB, AL 36112–6026 Robert M. Kerr, PhD Tel (334) 953–7311 Dawn C. Murphy, PhD John C. Schuessler, PhD Fax (334) 953–1451 Paul J. Springer, PhD Strategic Studies Quarterly (SSQ) (ISSN 1936-1815) is published View Strategic Studies Quarterly online at http://www.au.af.mil/au/ssq/ quarterly by Air University Press, Maxwell AFB, AL. Articles in Free Electronic Subscription SSQ may be reproduced free of charge. Notify editor and include a standard source credit line on each reprint. Strategic Studies Quarterly An Air Force-Sponsored Strategic Forum on National and International Security SPRING 2016 VOLUME 10, NO. 1 Commentary Thinking about Peace: Negative Terms versus Positive Outcomes ....................................... 3 Paul F. Diehl Feature Article Red Lines and Green Lights: Iran, Nuclear Arms Control, and Nonproliferation ....................... 10 James H. Lebovic Perspectives Revealed Preference and the Minimum Requirements of Nuclear Deterrence ..................................................................... 43 Dallas Boyd NATO’s Readiness Action Plan: Strategic Benefits and Outstanding Challenges .............................. 74 John-Michael Arnold Deterrence Adrift?: Mapping Conflict and Escalation in South Asia ........................ 106 Ryan French Book Essay Nuclear Weapons Redux ............................................................... 138 Roger Gran Harrison Book Reviews The Puzzle of Peace: The Evolution of Peace in the International System .......................................................... 143 Edited by: Gary Goertz, Paul F. Diehl, and Alexandru Balas Reviewed by: Derrick Frazier, PhD Securing the Peace: The Durable Settlement of Civil Wars .............. 145 By: Monica Duffy Toft Reviewed by: Capt Eric N. Ringelstetter, USAF Nuclear Strategy in the Modern Era: Regional Powers and International Conflict .................................. 147 By: Vipin Narang Reviewed by: Al Mauroni Worthy Fights: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace ............ 148 By: Leon Panetta Reviewed by: W. Michael Guillot, USAF, Retired Is the American Century Over? ................................................... 150 By: Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Reviewed by: W. Michael Guillot, USAF, Retired Thinking about Peace Negative Terms versus Positive Outcomes “Peace is at hand” is a famous quotation from US National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger in October 1972, reflecting his belief that an agreement to end the Vietnam War was imminent. From the Thirty Years’ Peace treaty between Athens and Sparta in 440 BC to the Minsk Protocol between Ukraine, Russia, and two breakaway Ukrainian re- publics in 2014, so-called “peace” agreements have been used to halt military conflicts. What is common to all these instances is a narrow and negative conception of peace—as the absence of war. Such a definition is common, even dominant, in the way scholars and policy makers think about peace. In security analyses, war and peace are usually treated as a dichotomy. Widespread violence in civil conflict has to meet some threshold of se- verity to be labelled a war; all other situations that fail to exceed that threshold are categorized as peaceful. Prominent works on the decline of war argue that the world is more peaceful largely because of declining violent behavior—often measured in terms of battle deaths.1 Similarly, US military strategists and government policy makers think primarily in terms of negative peace. The early use of the phrase operations other than war reflected military doctrine that lumped together all noncon- ventional military applications. Its replacement, stability and support op- erations, is more nuanced in its treatment of the “nonwar” category, but the primary emphasis on stability—suppressing violent forces—places priority on negative peace outcomes. Indeed the 2014 US Army Field Manual (FM) 3-07 is titled simply Stability. Even in the Global Peace Index, created by the Institute for Economics and Peace, virtually every one of the 27 indicators of internal and external peace used to build an aggregate index of peace for every country deals with negative peace; some examples include the homicide rate, access to small arms, military expenditures, and involvement in external conflicts. Ending violence is certainly a laudable goal, but defining peace in negative terms leads to perverse outcomes for scholarly analysis and policy making. By most definitions, contemporary Iraq is not in a civil war (it falls short in battle deaths and other indicators of military en- gagement), but it is fallacious to regard the situation there as peaceful, Strategic Studies Quarterly ♦ Spring 2016 [ 3 ] Paul F. Diehl the outcome of US operations as desirable, or equivalent for analytical purposes to other countries with ethnic and other cleavages such as Can- ada. Similarly, US relations with North Korea should not be considered as peaceful merely because sustained military engagements have been absent since 1953. What scholars and policy makers need is a broader conception of peace. Why should policy makers care about such an ex- tension? Is this merely an esoteric discourse that hinges on semantical distinctions? A broader conception of peace has dramatic implications for the military and political actions that states might take, especially in postconflict contexts such as Iraq, and if such a stage is ever reached in Syria or Yemen. The absence of high levels of violent conflict is certainly a compo- nent of peace, but should not be considered the only one. There is no consensus on all the other elements of peace, and these might vary by context—state-state relations, national societies, and group interactions to name a few. Nevertheless, features of human rights, justice, and con- flict management are commonly cited and move the conceptualization beyond an exclusive focus on violence. Accordingly, peace involves a multiple series of interactions, an ongoing and longer-term relationship rather than an event such as a war. Thus, it needs to be assessed by refer- ence to a wide range of indicators and considerations. In addition, peace is also better understood as a continuum along which relationships vary rather than as a simple binary distinction with war. How can scholars and policy makers take a broader notion of peace and apply it to real-world cases? Specifically, one can look at war plans and conflictual interactions but also at diplomacy, communication, and functional integration. Based on this idea, a “peace scale” of five ideal type categories emerges along which relationships between states vary: severe rivalry, lesser rivalry, negative peace, warm peace, and security communities respectively.2 The two rivalry points (severe and lesser) reflect those states that are enemies to varying degrees and pose the greatest risks for conflict. Contemporary Indian–Pakistani relations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DOUBLE THINK Originally Drawn in the 1960S in Yugoslavia As a Logo
    ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , , , DOUBLE THINK , , , , originally drawn in the , , , , 1960s in Yugoslavia as , , a logo for the shopfronts , , , , of the state-owned , , , , clothes company , , STANDARD KONFEKCIJA , , , , by Vinko Ozic-Pajic. , , NOW AVAILABLE IN , , , , medium & bold inline , , , ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, , DOUBLETHINK 1 MEDIUM 500PT 19 BOLD INLINE 500PT 84DOUBLETHINK 2 10PT The name Doublethink comes from the book 1984 by George Orwell. It means 'the power of holding two contradictory beliefs, simultaneously, in one’s mind and accepting both of them.' An appropriate name for a font prduced in a Communist regime. Medium 54PT A210PT e 36 82 50 19 43 f 72PT 48PT 2006 600PT 90PT DOUBLETHINK 3 THE SHOPS NO LONGER EXIST, HAVING ALL BEEN CLOSED AROUND 2001, AFTER THE FALL OF COMMUNISM. THERE ARE NOT MANY THAT HAVE MOURNED THE PASSING OF COMMUNISM, BUT VIRUS CAN'T HELP FEELING THAT A HUGE AMOUNT OF VALUABLE VISUAL CULTURE HAS BEEN THROWN AWAY ALONG WITH EVERY- THING ELSE. DOUBLETHINK 4 Bold Inline Bold 36 82 50 43 19 72PT 48PT 200690PT 720PT 72PT STANDARD KONFEKCIJA ITSELF STARTED OFF AS A MILITARY FABRIC COMPANY AND THEN BECAME THE FIRST FASHION BRAND IN COMMUNIST YUGOSLAVIA. IT IS FAMOUS FOR HAVING THE FIRST EVER PLASTIC CARRIER BAG IN THE COUNTRY AT THE TIME A MUCH COVETED ITEM. IT WAS ALSO HIGHLY UNUSUAL FOR ITS USE OF ORANGE AS ITS MAIN COLOUR, RATHER THAN THE OFFICIAL RED. K210PT n l11PT DOUBLETHINK 5 he power of holding two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously, and accepting both of them… To tell deliberate lies while genuinely believing in them, to forget any fact that has become inconvenient, Tand then, when it becomes necessary again, to draw it back from oblivion for just so long as it is needed, to deny the existence of objective reality and all the while to take account of the reality which one denies – all this is indispensably necessary.
    [Show full text]
  • US Claims of Illegal Russian Nuclear Testing
    Policy White Paper Analysis of Weapons-Related Security Threats and Effective Policy Responses U.S. Claims of Illegal Russian Nuclear Testing: Myths, Realities, and Next Steps By Daryl G. Kimball August 16, 2019 Executive Director, Arms Control Association n prepared remarks delivered at the Hudson Institute May 29, the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Lt. Gen. Robert Ashley, Jr., charged that “Russia probably is not adhering to its nuclear testing Imoratorium in a manner consistent with the ‘zero-yield’ standard outlined in the 1996 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).” Russia has vigorously denied the allegation. Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov called the accusation “a crude provocation” and pointed to the United States’ failure to ratify the CTBT. On June 12, Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov said, “we are acting in full and absolute accordance with the treaty ratified by Moscow and in full accordance with our unilateral moratorium on nuclear tests.” The DIA director’s remarks, and a subsequent June 13 statement on the subject, are quite clearly part of an effort by Trump administration hardliners to suggest that Russia is conducting nuclear tests to improve its arsenal, and that the United States must be free of any constraints on its own nuclear weapons development effort, and, indirectly, to try to undermine the CTBT itself—a treaty the Trump administration has already said it will not ratify. The challenges posed by the new U.S. allegations are significant and they demand a proactive plan of action by “friends of the CTBT” governments for a number of reasons. HIGHLIGHTS • Any violation of the CTBT by Russia, which has signed • The Treaty’s Article I prohibition on “any nuclear weapons and ratified the agreement, or any other signatory, would test explosion, or any other nuclear explosion” bans all be a serious matter.
    [Show full text]
  • The Art of Communication in a Polarized World This Page Intentionally Left Blank the Art of Communication in a Polarized World
    The Art of Communication in a Polarized World This page intentionally left blank The Art of Communication in a Polarized World KYLE CONWAY Copyright © 2020 Kyle Conway Published by AU Press, Athabasca University 1200, 10011 – 109 Street, Edmonton, AB T5J 3S8 https://doi.org/10.15215/aupress/9781771992930.01 Cover image © Suchat Nuchpleng / Shutterstock.com Cover design by Natalie Olsen Interior design by Sergiy Kozakov Printed and bound in Canada Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: The art of communication in a polarized world / Kyle Conway. Names: Conway, Kyle, 1977- author. Description: Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: Canadiana (print) 20200162683 | Canadiana (ebook) 20200162691 ISBN 9781771992930 (softcover) | ISBN 9781771992947 (pdf) ISBN 9781771992954 (epub) | ISBN 9781771992961 (Kindle) Subjects: LCSH: Intercultural communication. | LCSH: Translating and interpreting. LCSH: Communication and culture. | LCSH: Language and culture. Classification: LCC P94.6 C66 2020 | DDC 303.48/2—dc23 This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences, through the Awards to Scholarly Publications Program, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Canada Book Fund (CBF) for our publishing activities and the assistance provided by the Government of Alberta through the Alberta Media Fund. This publication is licensed under a Creative Commons licence, Attribution–Noncommercial–No Derivative Works 4.0 International: see www.creativecommons.org. The text may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes, provided that credit is given to the original author. To obtain permission for uses beyond those outlined in the Creative Commons licence, please contact AU Press, Athabasca University, at [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • The Red Line and the Rat Line: Erdoğan and the Syrian Rebels · LRB 16 April 2014
    6/29/2020 Seymour M. Hersh · The Red Line and the Rat Line: Erdoğan and the Syrian rebels · LRB 16 April 2014 Vol. 36 No. 8 · 17 April 2014 The Red Line and the Rat Line Seymour M. Hersh on Obama, Erdoğan and the Syrian rebels 2011 Barack Obama led an allied military intervention in Libya without consulting the US Congress. Last August, aer the sarin attack on the Damascus suburb of Ghouta, he was I ready to launch an allied air strike, this time to punish the Syrian government for allegedly crossing the ‘red line’ he had set in 2012 on the use of chemical weapons.* Then with less than two days to go before the planned strike, he announced that he would seek congressional approval for the intervention. The strike was postponed as Congress prepared for hearings, and subsequently cancelled when Obama accepted Assad’s oer to relinquish his chemical arsenal in a deal brokered by Russia. Why did Obama delay and then relent on Syria when he was not shy about rushing into Libya? The answer lies in a clash between those in the administration who were committed to enforcing the red line, and military leaders who thought that going to war was both unjustied and potentially disastrous. Obama’s change of mind had its origins at Porton Down, the defence laboratory in Wiltshire. British intelligence had obtained a sample of the sarin used in the 21 August attack and analysis demonstrated that the gas used didn’t match the batches known to exist in the Syrian army’s chemical weapons arsenal.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan's Military Elite Paul Staniland University of Chicago Paul
    Pakistan’s Military Elite Paul Staniland University of Chicago [email protected] Adnan Naseemullah King’s College London [email protected] Ahsan Butt George Mason University [email protected] DRAFT December 2017 Abstract: Pakistan’s Army is a very politically important organization. Yet its opacity has hindered academic research. We use open sources to construct unique new data on the backgrounds, careers, and post-retirement activities of post-1971 Corps Commanders and Directors-General of Inter-Services Intelligence. We provide evidence of bureaucratic predictability and professionalism while officers are in service. After retirement, we show little involvement in electoral politics but extensive involvement in military-linked corporations, state employment, and other positions of influence. This combination provides Pakistan’s military with an unusual blend of professional discipline internally and political power externally - even when not directly holding power. Acknowledgments: Michael Albertus, Jason Brownlee, Christopher Clary, Hamid Hussain, Sana Jaffrey, Mashail Malik, Asfandyar Mir, Vipin Narang, Dan Slater, and seminar participants at the University of Texas at Austin have provided valuable advice and feedback. Extraordinary research assistance was provided by Yusuf al-Jarani and Eyal Hanfling. 2 This paper examines the inner workings of Pakistan’s army, an organization central to questions of local, regional, and global stability. We investigate the organizational politics of the Pakistan Army using unique individual-level
    [Show full text]
  • Good Stuff Below. Thanks Again for Helping with the Meeting This Morning
    UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2014-20439 Doc No. C05794102 Date: 12/31/2015 RELEASE IN PART B6 From: Mills, Cheryl D <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, September 10, 2012 6:17 PM To: Subject: FW: President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts FYI From: Brett McGurk Sent: Monday, September 10, 2012 5:48 PM To: Mills, Cheryl D Subject: FW: President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts Good stuff below. Thanks again for helping with the meeting this morning. Bill followed up with me and we had a good talk. Brett ■ THE WHITE HOUSE Office of the Press Secretary FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE September 10, 2012 President Obama Announces More Key Administration Posts WASHINGTON, DC - Today, President Barack Obama announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to key Administration posts: • Robert Stephen Beecroft - Ambassador to the Republic of Iraq, Department of State • T. Charles Cooper - Assistant Administrator for Legislative and Public Affairs, United States Agency for International Development • Rose Gottemoeller - Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Department of State President Obama said, "I am proud to nominate such impressive individuals to these important roles, and I am grateful they have agreed to lend their considerable talents to this Administration. I look forward to working with them in the months and years ahead." UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2014-20439 Doc No. C05794102 Date: 12/31/2015 UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Case No. F-2014-20439 Doc No. C05794102 Date: 12/31/2015 President ObaMa announced his intent to nominate the following individuals to key Administration posts: Ambassador Robert Stephen Beecroft, Nominee for Ambassador to the Republic of Iraq, Department of State Ambassador Robert Stephen Beecroft, a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of Minister-Counselor, has served at the United States Embassy in Baghdad, Iraq as Deputy Chief of Mission since July 2011 and as Chargé d'Affaires since June 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Nineteen Eighty-Four
    MGiordano Lingua Inglese II Nineteen Eighty-Four Adapted from : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four Nineteen Eighty-Four, sometimes published as 1984, is a dystopian novel by George Orwell published in 1949. The novel is set in Airstrip One (formerly known as Great Britain), a province of the superstate Oceania in a world of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance, and public manipulation, dictated by a political system euphemistically named English Socialism (or Ingsoc in the government's invented language, Newspeak) under the control of a privileged Inner Party elite that persecutes all individualism and independent thinking as "thoughtcrimes". The tyranny is epitomised by Big Brother, the quasi-divine Party leader who enjoys an intense cult of personality, but who may not even exist. The Party "seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power." The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party who works for the Ministry of Truth (or Minitrue), which is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism. His job is to rewrite past newspaper articles so that the historical record always supports the current party line. Smith is a diligent and skillful worker, but he secretly hates the Party and dreams of rebellion against Big Brother. As literary political fiction and dystopian science-fiction, Nineteen Eighty-Four is a classic novel in content, plot, and style. Many of its terms and concepts, such as Big Brother, doublethink, thoughtcrime, Newspeak, Room 101, Telescreen, 2 + 2 = 5, and memory hole, have entered everyday use since its publication in 1949.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear-Backed "Little Green Men"
    REPORT THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Nuclear-Backed “Little Green Men:” Nuclear Messaging in the Ukraine Crisis POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH PISM THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The Polish Institute of InternationalAffairs (PISM) is a leading Central European think tank that positions itself between the world of politics and independent analysis.PISM provides analytical support to decision-makers, initiates public debate and disseminates expert knowledge about contemporary international relations. The work of PISM is guided by the conviction that the decision-making process in international relations should be based on knowledge that comes from reliable and valid research.The Institute carries out its own WARSAW research,cooperates on international research projects,prepares reports and analyses and collaborates with institutions with a similar profile worldwide. JULY 2015 POLSKI INSTYTUT SPRAW MIĘDZYNARODOWYCH AUTHOR:JACEK DURKALEC THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS UL.WARECKA 1A, 00-950 WARSZAWA ISBN 978-83-64895-45-6 (epub) TEL. (+48) 22 556 80 00, FAX (+48) 22 556 80 99 ISBN 978-83-64895-46-3 (mobi) [email protected], WWW.PISM.PL ISBN 978-83-64895-47-0 (pdf) THE POLISH INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Nuclear-Backed “Little Green Men:” Nuclear Messaging in the Ukraine Crisis Author: Jacek Durkalec Warsaw, July 2015 © Polski Instytut Spraw Międzynarodowych, 2015 Copy editor Brien Barnett Technical editor and cover designer Dorota Dołęgowska This study was commissioned by the Nuclear Security Project (NSP) of the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI). The views expressed in this report are entirely the author’s own and not those of the Nuclear Security Project.
    [Show full text]
  • From the on Inal Document. What Can I Write About?
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 470 655 CS 511 615 TITLE What Can I Write about? 7,000 Topics for High School Students. Second Edition, Revised and Updated. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of English, Urbana, IL. ISBN ISBN-0-8141-5654-1 PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 153p.; Based on the original edition by David Powell (ED 204 814). AVAILABLE FROM National Council of Teachers of English, 1111 W. Kenyon Road, Urbana, IL 61801-1096 (Stock no. 56541-1659: $17.95, members; $23.95, nonmembers). Tel: 800-369-6283 (Toll Free); Web site: http://www.ncte.org. PUB TYPE Books (010) Guides Classroom Learner (051) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC07 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS High Schools; *Writing (Composition); Writing Assignments; *Writing Instruction; *Writing Strategies IDENTIFIERS Genre Approach; *Writing Topics ABSTRACT Substantially updated for today's world, this second edition offers chapters on 12 different categories of writing, each of which is briefly introduced with a definition, notes on appropriate writing strategies, and suggestions for using the book to locate topics. Types of writing covered include description, comparison/contrast, process, narrative, classification/division, cause-and-effect writing, exposition, argumentation, definition, research-and-report writing, creative writing, and critical writing. Ideas in the book range from the profound to the everyday to the topical--e.g., describe a terrible beauty; write a narrative about the ultimate eccentric; classify kinds of body alterations. With hundreds of new topics, the book is intended to be a resource for teachers and students alike. (NKA) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the on inal document.
    [Show full text]
  • Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World
    Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World Introduction • 1 Rana Chhina Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World i Capt Suresh Sharma Last Post Indian War Memorials Around the World Rana T.S. Chhina Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research United Service Institution of India 2014 First published 2014 © United Service Institution of India All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior permission of the author / publisher. ISBN 978-81-902097-9-3 Centre for Armed Forces Historical Research United Service Institution of India Rao Tula Ram Marg, Post Bag No. 8, Vasant Vihar PO New Delhi 110057, India. email: [email protected] www.usiofindia.org Printed by Aegean Offset Printers, Gr. Noida, India. Capt Suresh Sharma Contents Foreword ix Introduction 1 Section I The Two World Wars 15 Memorials around the World 47 Section II The Wars since Independence 129 Memorials in India 161 Acknowledgements 206 Appendix A Indian War Dead WW-I & II: Details by CWGC Memorial 208 Appendix B CWGC Commitment Summary by Country 230 The Gift of India Is there ought you need that my hands hold? Rich gifts of raiment or grain or gold? Lo! I have flung to the East and the West Priceless treasures torn from my breast, and yielded the sons of my stricken womb to the drum-beats of duty, the sabers of doom. Gathered like pearls in their alien graves Silent they sleep by the Persian waves, scattered like shells on Egyptian sands, they lie with pale brows and brave, broken hands, strewn like blossoms mowed down by chance on the blood-brown meadows of Flanders and France.
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear (In)Security in the Everyday: Peace Campers As Everyday
    SDI0010.1177/0967010618762595Security DialogueEschle 762595research-article2018 Article Security Dialogue 2018, Vol. 49(4) 289 –305 Nuclear (in)security in the © The Author(s) 2018 Reprints and permissions: everyday: Peace campers as sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav https://doi.org/10.1177/0967010618762595DOI: 10.1177/0967010618762595 everyday security practitioners journals.sagepub.com/home/sdi Catherine Eschle University of Strathclyde, UK Abstract This article extends the emergent focus on ‘the everyday’ in critical security studies to the topic of nuclear (in)security, through an empirical study of anti-nuclear peace activists understood as ‘everyday security practitioners’. In the first part of the article, I elaborate on the notion of everyday security practitioners, drawing particularly on feminist scholarship, while in the second I apply this framework to a case study of Faslane Peace Camp in Scotland. I show that campers emphasize the everyday insecurities of people living close to the state’s nuclear weapons, the blurred boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘them’, and the inevitability of insecurity in daily life. Moreover, campers’ security practices confront the everyday reproduction of nuclear weapons and prefigure alternative modes of everyday life. In so doing, I argue, they offer a distinctive challenge to dominant deterrence discourse, one that is not only politically significant, but also expands understanding of the everyday in critical security studies. Keywords Anti-nuclear, critical security studies, the everyday, (in)security, feminism, peace movement Introduction This article explores the possibilities for rethinking nuclear (in)security in light of recent efforts to bring ‘the everyday’ into critical security studies. It does so with a feminist-informed analysis of the discourses and practices of anti-nuclear activists in one protest site, Faslane Peace Camp.
    [Show full text]
  • Interview Rose Gottemoeller NEW START TREATY – ANOTHER
    Interview Rose Gottemoeller NEW START TREATY – ANOTHER SUCCESS STORY The New START treaty undoubtedly opens a new page in the relations between the United States and Russia. Its significance for strengthening the arms limitation regime is hard to overestimate. How did the ratification of the new treaty go? What are the main challenges to its successful implementation? What steps are being considered with respect to future arms control? We have put these questions to the Assistant Secretary of State for Verification and Compliance of U.S. Department of State and Head of the U.S. delegation at the New START talks Rose Gottemoeller. SECURITY INDEX: The ratification process of the New START Treaty was slow and contentious. How would you explain this level of interest? GOTTEMOELLER: The hearings and debate on the U.S. Senate floor over the Treaty were intense because Senators were interested in the issue and the outcome of the ratification effort. Once the President submitted the Treaty to the Senate, Senators gave careful consideration to the Treaty, through 18 hearings, scores of briefings, and over 1,000 questions that the Administration answered for the official record of the Treaty debate. This level of interest was not unexpected. The issue of nuclear disarmament is critical to the national security of the United States and a major nuclear arms reduction treaty had not been considered by the U.S. Senate in many years. The President appreciated the show of bipartisan support for the New START Treaty. This demonstration of bipartisanship underscored that Democrats and Republicans can work together on national security issues.
    [Show full text]