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New Locality and Host Record of the Genus Saeed et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019 NEW LOCALITY AND HOST RECORD OF THE GENUS PROSTHOGONIMUS LUHE, 1899 (TREMATODA: PROSTHOGONIMIDAE) FROM THE VANELLUS INDICUS (RED WATTLED LAPWING) IN LARKANA, SINDH, PAKISTAN Saeed, H.A.1, N. Das Sanjota1, Ghazi, R.R.2 and Aly Khan3 1Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan 2Vertebrate Pest Control Laboratory, Southern Zone Agricultural Research Centre, Karachi University Campus, Karachi-75270, Pakistan 3CDRI, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Karachi University Campus, Karachi- 75270, Pakistan Abstract: During a survey of helminth parasites of bird Vanellus indicus (Red wattled lapwing) of Larkana District, Sindh Pakistan, present specimens are closer to the Prosthogonimus jonesae Ghazi et al., 2006 in Passer domesticus, reported from Pakistan in Passer domesticus in specific characters such as general body shape, position and shape of suckers, position of gonads, shape of eggs but minor differences were noted such as sub-terminal oral sucker, size of suckers, size of gonads, size of eggs and little difference in commencement of vitellaria. Keywords: Prosthogonimus jonesae, Vanellus indicus, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. INTRODUCTION The Genus Prosthogonimus is cosmopolitan and was created by Luhe, 1899 synonymized as Prymnoprion Looss, 1899, it belongs to the Family Prosthogonimidae (Luhe, 1909) Lahille, 1922. Yamaguti, 1971 reported 45 species of genus Prosthogonimus including 10 species from India. Only one species reported from Pakistan is Prosthogonimus jonesae Ghazi et al., 2006 in Passer domesticus. Type species as Prosthogonimus ovatus (Rudolphi, 1803) Luhe, 1899. However, the present study represents a first record and new locality of the genus Prosthogonimus from Vanellus indicus from Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan. The red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) is an Asian lapwing or large plover belongs to the family Charadriidae. They breed from West Asia, eastwards across South Asia. This species is decreasing in its western range, but is abundant in much of South Asia, almost at any wetland habitat in its range. The lapwing eats insects, snails and other invertebrates, mostly picked from the ground. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six birds Red wattled lapwing (Vanellus indicus) were shot down from Larkana and transferred to the Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan. 85 Saeed et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019 The birds were dissected and examined for presence of worms. During investigation of gut contents and visceral organs 04 mature worms were collected from small intestine of two birds. Later these specimens were fixed in hot steaming 70% ethanol, where trematodes expand and immediately die. Later the trematodes were gently placed over clean glass slide, pressed lightly with another, tied with thread and fixed in F.A.A. solution (Formalin, Acetic acid and 70% ethanol) for twenty four hrs, stained with Mayer’s carmalum, dehydrated in graded series of ethanol, cleared in clove oil and rinsed with xylene. Finally, the worms were permanently mounted in Canada balsam for further study. Line drawings were prepared with the aid of a camera Lucida. Body measurements (Length and width) are given in millimeters (mm). Photomicrographs were taken with the assistance of automatic photomicrographic camera mounted on a Nickon (Opitphot-2) Microscope at Department of Zoology, University of Karachi. Specimens are deposited in senior author’s collection, Department of Zoology, University of Sindh, Jamshoro. RESULTS Prosthogonimus jonesae Ghazi et al., 2006 (Fig. 1a-c) Host: Vanellus indicus (Red wattled lapwing) Locality: Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan Site of infection: Small intestine Number of hosts examined/infected: 06/02 Number of specimens recovered: 04 Prevalence: 33.3% Description is based upon four mature, egg bearing and permanently mounted specimens Body oval to elongate with anterior region somewhat narrow and posterior region is broadly rounded and measure 4.1-4.8 by 2.33-3.5 maximum width attained at the posterior third region of the body. Oral sucker is terminal and smaller than the acetabulum. It measure’s 0.31-0.38 by 0.31-0.38 in size. Pharynx is rounded in shape, smaller than the oral sucker 0.20-0.21 by 0.21-0.22, prominent bifurcation start from esophagous and move to posterior region of the body. Acetabulum is situated in the anterior mid third of the body and larger than the oral sucker, rounded in shape 0.8-0.88 by 0.7-0.75 in size. The testes are oval to rounded in shape, symmetrical, post-acetabular, totally interceacal. The right testis is 0.53-0.6 by 0.39-0.44 while left testis is 0.5-0.53 by 0.42-0.48. Cirrus pouch small funnel shaped and opens through the common genital pore to the exterior. Seminal receptacle and laurer’s canal present. Ovary multilobed, lies below the acetabulum measure 0.4-0.46. 86 Saeed et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019 Vitellaria arranged in clusters, extend testes level up to posterior region of the body. The eggs are oval, thin shelled 0.015-0.02 by 0.01-0.011. a 1mm b 0.05mm Fig. 1(a-c): Prosthogonimus jonesae Ghazi et al., 2006 a. Prosthogonimus jonesae, entire worm b. Enlarged eggs 87 Saeed et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019 c 0.05mm c. Photomicrograph (5x10). DISCUSSION Species of the genus Prosthogonimus Luhe, 1899 are widely distributed throughout the world, parasitizing various avian hosts only. Present specimens recovered from the small intestine of Vanellus indicus belong to family Prosthogonimidae (Luhe,1909) Lahille, 1922. 88 Saeed et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019 Yamaguti, 1971 reported 45 species of genus Prosthogonimus from all over the globe including 10 species from India. Species reported from India are; P. cuneatus (Rud., 1809) Braun, 1901 in Ardea, Corvus, Garrulus, Passer, Fringilla, Tringa, Philomachus, Lanius, Turdus, Sturnus, Anser, Larus, Cygnus, Nyroca, Bucephala, Megalornis, Machetes, Fulica, Anas, Numenius, Circus, Gallus, Pavo, Acridotheres, Dryobates, Pica, Phasianus, Motacilla, Capella, Tetrao, Carbo, etc. P. dollfusi Jaiswal, 1957 in Athene b. brama, Corvus splendens; P.elongatus Mukherjee, 1967 in Pigeon; P. hyderabadensis Jaiswal, 1957 in Bubulcus ibis; P. indicus Srivastava, 1938 in Gallus gallus domesticus; P. macracetabulus Chauhan, 1940 in Passer domesticus; P. mesolecithus Jaiswal, 1957 in Athene brama indica; P. putschkowskii Skrjabin, 1912 in Platalea leucrocodia, Gallus domesticus, Ibis megalocephala, Ardeola grayii, Plegadis falcinellus; P. robdollfus Anantaraman, 1966 in Gallinago gallinago; P. singhi Jaiswal, 1957 in Ardeola grayii. Only one species reported from Pakistan is Prosthogonimus jonesae Ghazi et al., 2006 in Passer domesticus. Present specimens are in close resemblance to Prosthogonimus jonesae reported from Pakistan in Passer domesticus in general body shape, position and shape of suckers, position of gonads, shape of eggs but minor differences were noted such as sub-terminal oral sucker, size of suckers, size of gonads, size of eggs and little difference in commencement of vitelleria. Present specimen also differ from P. Cuneatus in general body shape, ventral sucker is larger than oral sucker, testes are oval to rounded, situated in just posterior to mid-body, ovary is situated above of left testis, gentile opening is at some distance from the oral sucker on right side, while in present specimens oral sucker is smaller than ventral sucker, testes are oval to rounded and located in the middle of the body, ovary lies above on right testis, genital opening is besides the oral sucker on left side. Present specimen also differ from P. ovatus (Rud., 1803) Luhe, 1899 recovered from Corvus, Frugilegus, C. corone, Perdix perdix; Europe, U.S.A., also in Hirundo, Motacilla, Meleagris, Pica, Sturnus, Larus, Mergus, Anser, Anas, Netta, Nyrcoca, Fulica, Numenius, Pelecanus, Tringa, Ammospiza, Lyrurus, Lagopus, Ceryle, Passer, Coloeus, Gallus, Garrulus, Phasianus, Lanius, Cuculus, Vanellus, Asio, Tyto, Buteo, Otis, Accipiter, Falco, Scolopax, Uria, Podiceps, Colymbus, Crex, etc, in Europe, Africa, Siberia, Russian Turkistan, China, N. and S. America. In P. ovatus body is elongated, anterior region is more narrower, while in present specimens anterior region is slightly narrower and posterior region is rounded, oral sucker is terminal and slightly smaller than ventral sucker, testes are irregular in shape and present in the second half of the body, ovary present above the left testis and touches the postacetabular area genital opening is on the right side of oral sucker, vitellaria starts above the acetabulam and from the level of intestinal bifurcation to the posterior third of body while the present specimens different from above mentioned characters. Present specimen differ from P. macrorchis Macy, 1934 recovered in Gallus domesticus, Anas platyrhynchos, Corvus brachyrhynchus, Passer domesticus, Banansa umbellus, Branta canadensis interior from U.S.A. in general body shape, position of suckers, size and position of testes, position of ovary and genital opening and arrangement of vitelline follicles. 89 Saeed et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019 Present specimen also vary from P. indicus in general body shape. In P. indicus body is bottle shape, size of oral and ventral sucker and in having great distance between oral and ventral sucker further the oral sucker is bowl shape. Size and shape of ovary and testes, arrangement of vitelline follicles is also different from present specimens. CONCLUSION Keeping in view the specific identical structures, the present specimens under study are regarded as Prosthogonimus jonesae Ghazi et al., 2006. 90 Saeed et al. Pakistan Journal of Parasitology 67; June 2019 LITERATURE CITED Anantaraman, S. 1966. Prosthogonimus robdollfusi n. sp. (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae) from the bursa Fabricii of the snipe, Gallinago gallinago. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat., 38(3): 274- 280. Braun, M. 1901. Zur Kenntnis der Trematoden der Säugetiere. Zool. Jahrb. Syst., 14(4): 311-348. Chauhan, B.S. 1940. Two new species of avian trematodes. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sc., 12(3): 75-83.
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