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Redalyc.Helminths of Molothrus Bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ISSN: 0103-846X [email protected] Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Brasil Fedatto Bernardon, Fabiana; de Aguiar Lopes Soares, Tatiele; Dutra Vieira, Thainá; Müller, Gertrud Helminths of Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) from southernmost Brazil Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, vol. 25, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2016, pp. 279-285 Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária Jaboticabal, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=397847458002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Original Article Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol., Jaboticabal, v. 25, n. 3, p. 279-285, jul.-set. 2016 ISSN 0103-846X (Print) / ISSN 1984-2961 (Electronic) Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1984-29612016042 Helminths of Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) from southernmost Brazil Helmintos of Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) do extremo sul do Brasil Fabiana Fedatto Bernardon1*; Tatiele de Aguiar Lopes Soares1; Thainá Dutra Vieira1; Gertrud Müller1 1 Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres – LAPASIL, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas – UFPel, Pelotas, RS, Brasil Received October 15, 2015 Accepted May 11, 2016 Abstract Information about helminths of Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) are scarce; in this sense the objective of this paper was to contribute to its knowledge. Five hosts of southern Brazil were examined and the helminths Prosthogonimus ovatus, Tanaisia valida (Digenea), Diplotriaena bargusinica and Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Nematoda) were identified. The speciesT. valida, P. ovatus and S. (D.) nasuta are for the first time registered for the bird in Brazil. Prosthogonimus ovatus, T. valida, D. bargusinica e S. (D.) nasuta are first recorded in M. bonariensis in the southern Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul. Keywords: Shiny cowbird, Trematoda, Nematoda, parasites. Resumo Informações sobre helmintos de Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae) são escassas, nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi contribuir para esse conhecimento. Foram examinados cinco hospedeiros do extremo sul do Brasil, identificou-se os helmintosProsthogonimus ovatus, Tanaisia valida (Digenea), Diplotriaena bargusinica e Synhimantus (Dispharynx) nasuta (Nematoda). As espécies T. valida, P. ovatus e S. (D.) nasuta são pela primeira vez registradas para a ave no Brasil. Prosthogonimus ovatus, T. valida, D. bargusinica e S. (D.) nasuta são pela primeira vez registradas em M. bonariensis no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Palavras-chave: Vira-bosta, Trematoda, Nematoda, parasitos. Parasites are among the most common organisms in the world bluish reflexes, and the female is brown. They feed on seeds and (HOBERG & KUTZ, 2013). They are extremely diversified insects, and occasionally on fruits, and often can be seen near and play a key role in ecological and evolutionary processes to cattle, turning over excrement to look for undigested seeds (GOMÉZ & NICHOLS, 2013). Parasitism is one of the most (EFE et al., 2001). successful ways of living presented by living organisms (POULIN Information regarding the shiny cowbird is mainly focused & MORAND, 2000). on the fact that this species lays its eggs in other birds’ nests. Birds are commonly parasitized by trematodes, nematodes, In Brazil, approximately 60 species belonging to nine families cestodes and acanthocephalans, as well as other groups (AMATO of Passeriformes are affected by the action of the shiny cowbird. & AMATO, 2010). Taking into account the fact that Brazil This species is entirely dependent on other bird species for its presents one of the richest avifaunas in the world, much remains reproduction, because it has not only lost the ability to build to be explored regarding this subject. its own nests but also the instinct of taking care of its offspring Molothrus bonariensis (Gmelin, 1789) (Passeriformes: Icteridae), (BLANCO, 1995; SICK, 1997; EFE et al., 2001; MERMOZ & known as the shiny cowbird, occurs in South America, islands REBOREDA, 2003; ASTIÉ & REBOREDA, 2006). of Central America, United States and Canada (The IUCN Red Regarding helminths in M. bonariensis in Brazil, there List of Threatened Species, 2015). In the state of Rio Grande do have been isolated reports of Lyperosomum oswaldoi (Travassos, Sul, Brazil, they inhabit the entire state, where enormous flocks 1919) (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) (TRAVASSOS et al., 1969), often gather in cereal crops, especially rice, during and after Diplotriaena bargusinica Skrjabin, 1917 (Nematoda: Diplotriaenidae) harvesting (BELTON, 1994). The male is black-feathered with (VICENTE et al., 1983) and Mediorhynchus emberizae (Rudolphi, *Corresponding author: Fabiana Fedatto Bernardon. Universidade Federal de 1819) (Acanthocephala: Gigantorhynchidae) (PETROCHENKO, Pelotas – UFPel, CP 354, CEP 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brasil. 1971). In this context, the present study had the objective of e-mail: [email protected] reporting the presence of helminths associated with M. bonariensis. www.cbpv.org.br/rbpv 280 Bernardon, F.F. et al. Braz. J. Vet. Parasitol. Five hosts were examined (one male and four females), originating female), the results for each host and the parasitological indexes from the municipality of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil are presented in Table 1. Diplotriaena bargusinica was the most (32º 14’.37.24” S; 52°29’38.71” W) two birds in the summer prevalent parasite and the one with the highest mean infection and three in the winter. They were accidentally sampled in a trap intensity, followed by T. valida. The trematodeP. ovatus and T. valida that had been set to catch Chrysomus ruficapillus (Vieillot, 1819) co-occurred (one host); D. bargusinica and T. valida (one host) (Passeriformes: Icteridae), in accordance with a license granted by and D. bargusinica and S. (D.) nasuta (one host). There were not the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade analyzed pathological aspects related to the identified helminths. (ICMBio No. 41095-3) and approval granted by the Comitê de The morphological identification of each species was carried Ética e Experimentação Animal from the Universidade Federal de out according to the characteristics described by the previously Pelotas (CEEA/UFPel No. 147), covering the period of 2013-2015. mentioned authors. We present below the relevant aspects of These specimes ofMolothrus bonariensis were euthanasied, each helminth. P. ovatus (Figure 1) is characterized by having the individually placed in identified plastic bags, and were transported piriformis body, subterminal oral sucker, muscular pharynx present to the Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres (Figure 2), simple intestinal cecum, few meandering surpassing (LAPASIL/UFPel) and frozen until processing. To collect helminths, the testicles. Acetabulum pre-equatorial, terminal genital pore were necropsied and their organs (mouth, esophagus, proventriculus, located next to the oral sucker. Cirrus sac extending from the gizzard, cecum, small and large intestines, trachea, lungs, heart, genital pore to the level of esophageal bifurcation, well-developed liver, gall bladder, pancreas, reproductive system, kidneys, cloaca testicles, post-acetabular, post-ovarian, equatorial (Figure 3). Ovary and air sacs) were separated from each other, opened and rinsed pretesticular lobed, Mehlis gland situated below the ovary, uterus with running water under a sieve of mesh size 150 µm. occupies half of the body and the excretory portion is terminal. The helminths were fixed in AFA for 24 hours and were stored in Tanaisia valida has elongated body, flattened, in tegument accordance with the protocol proposed by Amato & Amato, 2010. with thorns, vitelline glands begging in post-ovarian region to the Trematodes were stained with Langeron’s carmine and nematodes back of the body (Figure 4), oral sucker subterminal, non visible were clarified with Aman’s lactophenol. They were mounted on acetabulum, muscular pharynx (Figure 5), intestinal cecum is permanent and semi-permanent slides and photographed through positioned dorsally in relation to the gonads fused near to end a microscope (Olympus® BX 41) with a coupled camera system. of the body. Lobate testis with diagonal layout, pre-equatorial, Morphological and morphometric identification were performed post-ovarian (Figure 6). Lobate ovary, uterus with a large number in accordance with Freitas (1951), Kohn & Fernandes (1972), of eggs, these yellow-brownish color with a smooth shell. Gibson et al. (2002), Bray et al. (2008), Lunaschi et al. (2015) for In the anterior region of D. bargusinica has a trident well Digenea, and with Vicente et al. (1983), Zhang et al. (2004) and developed (Figure 7), trident with tapered apex (Figure 8), females Anderson et al. (2009), for Nematoda. The parameters calculated has a genital opening near to the anterior region (Figure 9), eggs were prevalence (P), mean abundance (MA) and mean intensity of with size range of 0.044 × 0.029mm (Figure 10), females with infection (MI), in accordance with Bush et al. (1997). The voucher posterior
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