Werther Massenet

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Werther Massenet WERTHER MASSENET Lorsque Goethe publia ses Souffrances du jeune Werther, le roman connut un succès tel qu’il provoqua ce que l’on appela la « fièvre werthérienne », causant les suicides de jeunes gens prêts à tout pour imiter les héros romanesques. Plus d’un siècle plus tard, en plein romantisme français, Jules Massenet s’inspire de cette histoire d’amour impossible pour composer un drame lyrique bouleversant. Fidèle à son modèle littéraire, le compositeur saisit à merveille la ferveur exaltée des sentiments et laisse libre cours à ses inventions harmoniques et mélodiques pour atteindre une intensité musicale rare. La partition offre de magnifiques duos entre Werther et Charlotte, déchirés entre leur aspiration au bonheur et le respect implacable des conventions sociales et familiales que la jeune femme ne pourra dépasser. Dans une mise en scène inspirée, Paul-Emile Fourny rend toute sa force à cet ouvrage dont le héros tourmenté cherche dans la mort une réponse à ses souffrances. Sous un Clair de lune pudique, l’orchestre bruisse de l’entente muette de deux êtres qui se cherchent et se fuient sans cesse. Jusqu’à ce que dans un élan fébrile, les larmes de Charlotte laissent couler le lyrisme éperdu d’un amour à l’issue inéluctable… DIMANCHE 19 MARS A 14h30 MARDI 21 MARS A 20h00 DUREE DU SPECTACLE : 2H45 AVEC ENTRACTE CHANTE EN FRANÇAIS SURTITRE SPECTACLE CONSEILLE POUR LES LYCEENS 2 WERTHER MASSENET SOMMAIRE CHAMPS COMPOSITIONNELS ET STRUCTURELS DE L’OPERA SYNOPSIS PAGE 5 JULES MASSENET PAGE 8 FICHE IDENTITE DE L’ŒUVRE PAGE 9 L’ŒUVRE ET SA GENESE PAGE 10 L’ŒUVRE ET SA RECEPTION PAGE 11 LES PISTES D’EXPLOITATIONS PEDAGOGIQUES UN ROMAN EPISTOLAIRE COMME SOURCE DE L’OPERA PAGE 12 QUELQUES PISTES D’ECOUTES PAGE 15 WERTHER A L’OPERA DE REIMS PAGE 25 LA PRODUCTION PAGE 25 ZOOM SUR LE METTEUR EN SCENE PAGE 26 REGARDS SUR LA MISE EN SCENE PAGE 27 ANNEXE LA PRESSE EN PARLE : LE MENESTREL, 28 FEVRIER 1892 PAGE 29 3 WERTHER MASSENET CHAMPS COMPOSITIONNELS ET STRUCTURELS DE L’OPERA SYNOPSIS L’action se passe aux environs de Francfort, de juillet à décembre 178… ACTE 1- LA MAISON DU BAILLI uillet 178… Le Bailli fait répéter à ses six plus jeunes enfants un cantique de Noël que les petits chantent d’abord très fort et sans nuances. Se fâchant, leur père leur J fait observer qu’ils ne chantent jamais aussi mal en présence de Charlotte, l’aînée de la famille. Arrivent alors deux amis du Bailli, Schmidt et Johann, qui félicitent les enfants et taquinent le bailli. Entre Sophie la cadette ; elle évoque avec les deux compères le bal que l’on donne à Wetzlar le soir même, auquel Charlotte est invitée. Passant en revue quelques-uns des invités, Schmidt s’arrête sur Werther, jeune homme dont le Bailli ne pense que du bien, à la différence de Johann et Schmidt qui le trouvent trop rêveur et mélancolique, tout le contraire d’Albert, par exemple, qui à les entendre sera un mari idéal pour Charlotte. Schmidt et Johann s’éloignent, les enfants et leur père rentrent à la maison. Werther paraît, Bailli l’ayant chargé d’accompagner Charlotte au bal. Il s’émerveille de l’harmonie que la nature fait régner dans ces lieux. Il s’exalte, invoque le soleil, lorsque des bribes du cantique chanté par les enfants lui parviennent du côté de la maison, le plongeant dans une mélancolie douloureuse. DECOR DE L'ACTE I DE WERTHER, OPERA-COMIQUE, 1903 (LE THEATRE N°109, JUILLET 1903) 4 WERTHER MASSENET Charlotte entre, en toilette de bal, fêtée par les enfants qui se précipitent vers elle, et complimentée par son père. En attendant l’arrivée des invités au bal, elle donne le goûter aux enfants. Apercevant Werther qui se tient un peu à l’écart, le Bailli le salue et lui présente Charlotte, non sans évoquer d’emblée les soins tout maternels qu’elle prodigue à ses jeunes frères et sœurs depuis la mort de leur mère. Les invités du bal arrivent dans la cour ; parmi eux, deux tourtereaux roucoulent, indifférents au reste du monde, Brühlmann et Käthchen. Avant de partir, Charlotte confie les enfants à Sophie et les embrasse, sous le regard extasié d’un Werther définitivement conquis par la femme. Tous les invités s’éloignent, tandis que Bailli se laisse gentiment persuader par Sophie de la laisser seule avec les enfants et d’aller retrouver Schmidt et Johann au « Raison d’or ». La nuit commence à tomber, quand Albert, le fiancé de Charlotte, arrive à l’improviste, de retour au pays après six mois d’absence. Sophie l’accueille avec joie, déplore l’absence exceptionnelle de sa sœur, et évoque avec le jeune homme son prochain mariage avec Charlotte, dont on s’est occupé depuis six mois. Elle prend congé de son futur beau-frère, le laissant seul et tout ému de savoir qu’on ne l’a pas oublié. Albert s’est éloigné. La nuit est venue et la lune éclaire la maison. Charlotte et Werther paraissent à la porte du jardin, se tenant par le bras. Werther dit son amour à Charlotte qui proteste, confuse et souriante, avant de s’attendrir à la pensée de sa mère morte et de « ses » enfants, ce qui plonge Werther dans une nouvelle extase. Au moment où Charlotte, troublée, tente de briser le charme et se dirige vers la maison, résonne l’appel fatidique de son père : « Charlotte, Charlotte, Albert est de retour ! ». En un éclair, la jeune femme se rappelle le serment fait à sa mère mourante d’épouser Albert. Dans un effort désespéré, Werther l’adjure de tenir sa promesse ; quant à lui, il sait qu’il mourra de la savoir mariée à un autre. ACTE II – LES TILLEULS eptembre. Une place à wetzlar, ombragée de tilleuls, devant le presbytère et le temple où l’orgue résonne. Attablés à une taverne, Johann et Schmidt rendent S grâce à Bacchus tout en regardant passer les gens qui viennent célébrer au temple les cinquante ans de mariage du pasteur. Entrent Albert et Charlotte. Ils sont mariés depuis trois mois, leur bonheur semble parfait. Ils se dirigent vers le temple, bavardent avec des connaissances. Mais Werther a paru et contemple de loin leur intimité, avec un tourment visible. Tandis que Werther reste prostré sur un banc, Johann et Schmidt tentent de consoler Brühlmann, abandonné par Käthchen après sept ans de fiançailles. Les trois compères sortent à moitié ivres. Albert aperçoit Werther et se dirige vers lui. Comme en témoignent ses paroles affectueuses, Albert n’ignore pas l’amour que Werther porte à Charlotte. Werther répond à la magnanimité de son rival en protestant de son amitié, non sans abnégation. Sophie accourt, un bouquet de fleurs à la main, pleine d’une gaieté bruyante. En la regardant s’éloigner, Albert parle à Werther du bonheur qui passe peut-être « en nos chemins, un sourire à la lèvre et des fleurs à la main ». Albert rejoint Sophie dans le presbytère, laissant Werther désemparé et décidé à s’éloigner, lorsqu’il voit Charlotte sortir du temple. Tandis qu’elle se dirige à son tour vers le presbytère, Werther s’approche d’elle et lui redit sa flamme. Elle lui répond froidement : « Albert m’aime et je suis sa femme ! ». Se radoucissant un moment, elle lui parle du devoir, lui demande de s’éloigner pour toujours et de l’oublier. Puis voyant le désarroi de Werther, elle lui dit avec douceur de revenir à Noël. Resté seul, Werther appelle de ses vœux le repos de la mort, implorant pour lui-même le pardon de Dieu. 5 WERTHER MASSENET Il va s’éloigner, lorsque Sophie l’appelle, le conviant gaiement à rejoindre le cortège des invités du pasteur. Mais Werther lui annonce son départ et s’enfuit comme un fou. Désemparée, Sophie fond en larmes. Le cortège de la Cinquantaine paraît. Charlotte court après sa sœur, s’enquiert de son chagrin. Sophie lui dit que Werther est parti « pour toujours ». Charlotte est frappée par la nouvelle. Son trouble n’échappe pas à Albert qui se rembrunit et murmure en petto : « Il l’aime ! » ACTE III – CHARLOTTE ET WERTHER e 24 décembre, 5 heures du soir. Le salon de la maison d’Albert. Seule et découragée, Charlotte relit les lettres que Werther lui a écrites et qu’elle ne peut se L résoudre à détruire ; le dernier billet, qui parle de suicide à mots couverts, l’effraie particulièrement. Sophie entre vivement, les bras chargés de jouets et le cœur en gaieté. Elle s’inquiète : Albert est absent et cependant Charlotte reste seule, négligeant sa famille. Sophie tâche d’égayer sa sœur, mais en vain. Croyant comprendre, elle évoque la fuite de Werther qui a laissé sans nouvelles « ceux qui lui sont restés fidèles ». Au nom de Werther, Charlotte perd contenance, laissant voir à sa sœur effrayée toute sa détresse. Sophie lui fait promettre de venir fêter Noël en famille, et la laisse seule. En proie au désespoir, Charlotte demande à Dieu de venir au secours de sa faiblesse. C’est Werther qui fait irruption, pâle, presque défaillant. Il avait pourtant formulé le vœu de ne plus la revoir, mais il n’a pu s’empêcher de venir au rendez- vous qu’elle lui a donné en juillet : « A la Noël ! ». Cherchant à paraître indifférente, Charlotte lui reproche doucement d’avoir songé à partir pour toujours : tout le monde l’attendait ici, il le savait bien, et d’ailleurs rien n’a changé dans la maison. « Rien… que les cœurs », dit Werther, « toute chose est encore à la place connue », poursuit-il en regardant le clavecin, les livres, et cette boîte aux pistolets qui le fascine depuis longtemps.
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