DOCSLIB.ORG

SANSA NEWS South African National Survey of Arachnida

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SANSA NEWS South African National Survey of Arachnida SANSA NEWS South African National Survey of Arachnida No. 23 JAN-JUNE 2015 Red Listing of South African Spiders Inside this issue: Red Listing...….….…….…...…….....1 Protected areas….……...…. ……....2 Feedback National Parks….. .……..3 KNP………..………………..…..….. .4 Legalameetse NR...…………….......5 uMkuzhi NR……………....…..…......6 Wakefield………………….………....7 Lephahlale……………..…………….7 Stellenbosch……..…………………..8 Spider courses……………………. ..8 National Museum……………...…….9 Spider Club………………………....10 New taxa…………………………. 10 Virtual Museum specials…………..11 Congratulations to Tharina………..12 Participants of the Red Listing workshop. From left to right: Robin Lyle, Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman, Domitilla Publications ……………………......12 Raimondo and Theresa Sethusa. Last word……………………………13 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) was inspired by the world community's growing commitment to sustainable development. It represents a dramatic step forward in the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. The IUCN Red Listing activity is the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of wild species and their links to livelihoods. Far more than a list of species and their status, it is a powerful tool to inform and catalyse action for biodiversity conservation, critical to protecting the natural resources we Editors and coordinators: need to survive. Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman & Robin Lyle Preparation for Red Data assessments ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute Private Bag X134 As part of SANSA, species data was gathered throughout the years to help with the Red Data Queenswood, 0121 assessments. In preparation for determining the conservation status of each species, a rarity index South Africa (RI) was developed based on an endemicity index (EI) and abundance index (AI). The EI (i.e. dis- tribution of a species) included seven categories, ranging from: E-mail: [email protected] & [email protected] 6 = endemic-known only from type locality / one locality only Charles Haddad 5 = known from one province only, wider than type locality Department of Zoology & Entomology University of the Free State 4 = known from two adjoining provinces only P.O. Box 339 Bloemfontein, 9300 3 = South Africa >two provinces or not adjoining South Africa 2 = Southern Africa (south of Zambezi and Kunene Rivers) E-mail: [email protected] 1 = Afrotropical Region 0 = Cosmopolitan This data was compiled based on currently known distribution data available from the literature, SA SPIDER Spider World Catalogue, and information from the SANSA database and Virtual Museum. The abundance index was an estimate of population size based on the number of collecting records COUNT known for each species in the SANSA database. It was divided into three categories: 1 – abun- dant, known from >10 localities; 2 – rare, known from between 4–10 localities; and 3 – very rare, only known from 3 or < localities. JANUARY 2015 2171 spider spp. Team members of SANSA under leadership of the ARC team, along with the Threatened Species JUNE 2015 Programme (TSP) (Dr Theresa Sethusa and Mrs Domitilla Raimondo) of the South African Nation- al Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), have spent the past two years evaluating the South African spider 2192 spider spp. species against the ICUN Categories and Criteria. All of the 2171 species will be evaluated, and this information will be made available through an updated Atlas and Red List. The information will also feed into the species pages being generated by SANBI for the Encyclopaedia of Life. Contact: Robin Lyle at [email protected] & Ansie Dippenaar at [email protected] SANSA NEWS 23 SANSA: PROTECTED AREAS Inventorying and monitoring biodiversity of invertebrates in protected PAs have proven to be particularly valuable sites to SANSA, both from areas forms an integral component of assessing their performance, the perspective of encountering pristine habitat and high diversity, as and providing the information necessary for effective management. well as for the safety of survey teams. Furthermore, PA surveys pro- Invertebrates constitute the largest proportion of terrestrial and fresh- vide important data when evaluating species for Red Data listing, due water biodiversity, and serve a series of critical ecosystem functions. to confirmation of the occurrence of a species in habitats that are not Consequently, they must necessarily be considered in protected are- under immediate threat from human activities. Species inventories are as. However, inventorying and monitoring invertebrates is associated important for effective PA management and are generally considered with a series of regularly cited and well-recognised challenges, includ- to be important by PA managers, specialist taxon scientists and ecol- ing their enormous richness and diversity of habits and habitats, inad- ogists. Most of the provincial conservation agencies need this type of equate systematic and biological knowledge, and the shortage of biodiversity data for planning. In the next newsletter we will give some expertise and capacity. feedback on these surveys. One of the objectives of SANSA is to determine the number of arach- nid species presently protected in protected areas (PA) in South Afri- ca. Being a team effort, SANSA has overcome some of the problems At present, >192 PA’s are or have been surveyed in associated with invertebrate inventorying. To determine the species South Africa. These include: present in a PA is essential for the development of a Red Data list for the arachnids of South Africa, and to assist with decisions on how to national parks successfully protect the arachnid diversity. biosphere reserves AS many of the surveys run over 12 months or longer, these data are botanical gardens extremely valuable since they provide substantial insight into annual nature and game reserves and long-term trends in the diversity, abundance and distribution of the species concerned. These surveys have also made material avail- RAMSAR sites able to taxonomists, resulting in several faunistic papers and the de- state forests scription of many new species. World Heritage sites Table 1: Spider surveys in Protected Areas (PA) of South Africa PA’S SAM- PA’S WITH >50 NO PROVINCES SURVEYS STILL TO BE PUBLISHED PA PUBLISHED PAPERS PLED RECORDS PUB EASTERN Asante Sana NR; Mountain Zebra NP; 23 13 Addo NP; Tsolwana NR 4 CAPE Mkambathi NR; Silaka NR Amanzi PR; Franklin NR (Naval Hill); Golden Gate NP; Kalkfonteindam NR; FREE STATE 14 12 3 Erfenisdam NR; Free State BG Amohela-ho-Spitskop C; Sandveld NR; Tussen-die-Riviere NR Ezemvelo NR; Faerie Glenn NR; Groenkloof NR; Kliprivierberg NR; Preto- GAUTENG 24 12 ria BG; Rietvleidam NR; Roodeplaatdam 1 Roodeplaatdam NR NR; Tswaing Crater NR; Serene Valley NR; Suikerbosrand NR Hluhluwe NR; Ndumo GR; Ngome SF; KWAZULU- Mkuze GR; iSimangolisa WP; Ithala GR; 38 24 9 Ophathe GR; Phinda GR; Spioenkop NR; NATAL Ndumo GR; Vryheid NR; Weenen NR Tembe EP Atherstone NR; Ben Lavin NR; Entabeni Blouberg NR; Nylsvley NR; Polokwane NR; Kruger National Park and Blyde NR; Kruger NP (in part); Makelali NR; LIMPOPO 41 14 River Canyon BR; Legelameetse NR 11 Mashovela NR; Sovenga Hill; Soutpans- Leopard Creek PR; Venetia Mine NR; berg C Vhembe BR; Waterberg BR Kruger NP (in part); Verloren Vallei NR; MPUMALANGA 10 2 Kruger NP; Lowveld BG; Witbank NR; 3 Bergvliet SF Kgaswane Mountain Reserve; Pilan- NORTH WEST 8 4 0 0 esberg NR Augrabies NP; Benfontein NR; Oorlog- NORTHERN 8 2 skloof NR; Oryx GF; Richtersveld NP; 0 0 CAPE Rooipoort NR; Tswalu NR Anysberg NR; Bontebok NP; Cederberg De Hoop NR; Karoo NP; Swartberg NR; WESTERN WA; Gamkasberg NR; Kirstenbosch BG; 26 15 8 Robben Island (in part); Table Mountain CAPE Kogelberg BR; Robben Island HS; Table Mountain NP. NP (in part) B=Biosphere Reserve; BG=Botanical Garden; C= conservancy; EP= Elephant Park; GF=Game Farm; GR=Game Reserve; HS= Heritage site; NR=Nature Reserve; NP= National Park; PR= Private Reserve; SF=State Forest; WP- Wetland park; WA= Wilderness area. Contact: Ansie Dippenaar at [email protected] 2 SANSA NEWS 23 SANSA: PROTECTED AREAS - NATIONAL PARKS There are presently 19 proclaimed national parks (NP) in South Africa. taxonomists, resulting in several faunistic papers and the description SANSA has registered projects in the SANParks since 1997. The of >20 new species. Only a small fraction of the parks have been sam- SANSA database contains information on 14 of these parks. For four pled intensively (Table 2) and an effort needs to be made to survey parks, namely Kruger NP (Dippenaar-Schoeman & Leroy 2003; Robert- more of them in long-term studies. The knowledge of the species pre- son et al . 2011); Mountain Zebra NP (Dippenaar-Schoeman 1988, sent in the parks is essential for the development of a Red Data list for 2006), Karoo NP (Dippenaar-Schoeman et al. 1999) and Table Moun- the arachnids of South Africa, and to assist with decisions on how to tain NP there are published surveys (Tables 1, 2). However, specimens successfully conserve the arachnid biodiversity. sampled during these surveys have also made material available to Table 2: National parks sampled with number of families and species recorded NO SAMPLES NO NATIONAL PARKS IN NCA NO FAMILIES SPP. SOURCE PUBLISHED SURVEYS/ REPORTS ADDO 350 49 207 L. Wiese (SANSA) Wiese & Dippenaar-Schoeman (2014) AGULHAS no records AUGRABIES 94 26 68 E. le Roux/M de Jager SANSA database BONTEBOK
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Checklist of the Non -Acarine Arachnids
    Original Research A CHECKLIST OF THE NON -A C A RINE A R A CHNIDS (CHELICER A T A : AR A CHNID A ) OF THE DE HOOP NA TURE RESERVE , WESTERN CA PE PROVINCE , SOUTH AFRIC A Authors: ABSTRACT Charles R. Haddad1 As part of the South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) in conserved areas, arachnids Ansie S. Dippenaar- were collected in the De Hoop Nature Reserve in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The Schoeman2 survey was carried out between 1999 and 2007, and consisted of five intensive surveys between Affiliations: two and 12 days in duration. Arachnids were sampled in five broad habitat types, namely fynbos, 1Department of Zoology & wetlands, i.e. De Hoop Vlei, Eucalyptus plantations at Potberg and Cupido’s Kraal, coastal dunes Entomology University of near Koppie Alleen and the intertidal zone at Koppie Alleen. A total of 274 species representing the Free State, five orders, 65 families and 191 determined genera were collected, of which spiders (Araneae) South Africa were the dominant taxon (252 spp., 174 genera, 53 families). The most species rich families collected were the Salticidae (32 spp.), Thomisidae (26 spp.), Gnaphosidae (21 spp.), Araneidae (18 2 Biosystematics: spp.), Theridiidae (16 spp.) and Corinnidae (15 spp.). Notes are provided on the most commonly Arachnology collected arachnids in each habitat. ARC - Plant Protection Research Institute Conservation implications: This study provides valuable baseline data on arachnids conserved South Africa in De Hoop Nature Reserve, which can be used for future assessments of habitat transformation, 2Department of Zoology & alien invasive species and climate change on arachnid biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Whip Scorpion Mastigoproctus Giganteus Giganteus (Lucas, 1835) (Arachnida: Thelyphonida (=Uropygi): Thelyphonidae) 1 William H
    EENY493 Giant Whip Scorpion Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus (Lucas, 1835) (Arachnida: Thelyphonida (=Uropygi): Thelyphonidae) 1 William H. Kern and Ralph E. Mitchell2 Introduction shrimp can deliver to an unsuspecting finger during sorting of the shrimp from the by-catch. The only whip scorpion found in the United States is the giant whip scorpion, Mastigoproctus giganteus giganteus (Lucas). The giant whip scorpion is also known as the ‘vinegaroon’ or ‘grampus’ in some local regions where they occur. To encounter a giant whip scorpion for the first time can be an alarming experience! What seems like a miniature monster from a horror movie is really a fairly benign creature. While called a scorpion, this arachnid has neither the venom-filled stinger found in scorpions nor the venomous bite found in some spiders. One very distinct and curious feature of whip scorpions is its long thin caudal appendage, which is directly related to their common name “whip-scorpion.” The common name ‘vinegaroon’ is related to their ability to give off a spray of concentrated (85%) acetic acid from the base of the whip-like tail. This produces that tell-tale vinegar-like scent. The common name ‘grampus’ may be related to the mantis shrimp, also called the grampus. The mantis shrimp Figure 1. The giant whip scorpion or ‘vingaroon’, Mastigoproctus is a marine crustacean that can deliver a painful wound giganteus giganteus (Lucas). Credits: R. Mitchell, UF/IFAS with its mantis-like, raptorial front legs. Often captured with shrimp during coastal trawling, shrimpers dislike this creature because of the lightning fast slashing cut mantis 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Fossil Whip Spiders Russell J
    Garwood et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:105 DOI 10.1186/s12862-017-0931-1 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The phylogeny of fossil whip spiders Russell J. Garwood1,2*, Jason A. Dunlop3, Brian J. Knecht4 and Thomas A. Hegna4 Abstract Background: Arachnids are a highly successful group of land-dwelling arthropods. They are major contributors to modern terrestrial ecosystems, and have a deep evolutionary history. Whip spiders (Arachnida, Amblypygi), are one of the smaller arachnid orders with ca. 190 living species. Here we restudy one of the oldest fossil representatives of the group, Graeophonus anglicus Pocock, 1911 from the Late Carboniferous (Duckmantian, ca. 315 Ma) British Middle Coal Measures of the West Midlands, UK. Using X-ray microtomography, our principal aim was to resolve details of the limbs and mouthparts which would allow us to test whether this fossil belongs in the extant, relict family Paracharontidae; represented today by a single, blind species Paracharon caecus Hansen, 1921. Results: Tomography reveals several novel and significant character states for G. anglicus; most notably in the chelicerae, pedipalps and walking legs. These allowed it to be scored into a phylogenetic analysis together with the recently described Paracharonopsis cambayensis Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from the Eocene (ca. 52 Ma) Cambay amber, and Kronocharon prendinii Engel & Grimaldi, 2014 from Cretaceous (ca. 99 Ma) Burmese amber. We recovered relationships of the form ((Graeophonus (Paracharonopsis + Paracharon)) + (Charinus (Stygophrynus (Kronocharon (Charon (Musicodamon + Paraphrynus)))))). This tree largely reflects Peter Weygoldt’s 1996 classification with its basic split into Paleoamblypygi and Euamblypygi lineages; we were able to score several of his characters for the first time in fossils.
    [Show full text]
  • SA Spider Checklist
    REVIEW ZOOS' PRINT JOURNAL 22(2): 2551-2597 CHECKLIST OF SPIDERS (ARACHNIDA: ARANEAE) OF SOUTH ASIA INCLUDING THE 2006 UPDATE OF INDIAN SPIDER CHECKLIST Manju Siliwal 1 and Sanjay Molur 2,3 1,2 Wildlife Information & Liaison Development (WILD) Society, 3 Zoo Outreach Organisation (ZOO) 29-1, Bharathi Colony, Peelamedu, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641004, India Email: 1 [email protected]; 3 [email protected] ABSTRACT Thesaurus, (Vol. 1) in 1734 (Smith, 2001). Most of the spiders After one year since publication of the Indian Checklist, this is described during the British period from South Asia were by an attempt to provide a comprehensive checklist of spiders of foreigners based on the specimens deposited in different South Asia with eight countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The European Museums. Indian checklist is also updated for 2006. The South Asian While the Indian checklist (Siliwal et al., 2005) is more spider list is also compiled following The World Spider Catalog accurate, the South Asian spider checklist is not critically by Platnick and other peer-reviewed publications since the last scrutinized due to lack of complete literature, but it gives an update. In total, 2299 species of spiders in 67 families have overview of species found in various South Asian countries, been reported from South Asia. There are 39 species included in this regions checklist that are not listed in the World Catalog gives the endemism of species and forms a basis for careful of Spiders. Taxonomic verification is recommended for 51 species. and participatory work by arachnologists in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Arachnologische Arachnology
    Arachnologische Gesellschaft E u Arachnology 2015 o 24.-28.8.2015 Brno, p Czech Republic e www.european-arachnology.org a n Arachnologische Mitteilungen Arachnology Letters Heft / Volume 51 Karlsruhe, April 2016 ISSN 1018-4171 (Druck), 2199-7233 (Online) www.AraGes.de/aramit Arachnologische Mitteilungen veröffentlichen Arbeiten zur Faunistik, Ökologie und Taxonomie von Spinnentieren (außer Acari). Publi- ziert werden Artikel in Deutsch oder Englisch nach Begutachtung, online und gedruckt. Mitgliedschaft in der Arachnologischen Gesellschaft beinhaltet den Bezug der Hefte. Autoren zahlen keine Druckgebühren. Inhalte werden unter der freien internationalen Lizenz Creative Commons 4.0 veröffentlicht. Arachnology Logo: P. Jäger, K. Rehbinder Letters Publiziert von / Published by is a peer-reviewed, open-access, online and print, rapidly produced journal focusing on faunistics, ecology Arachnologische and taxonomy of Arachnida (excl. Acari). German and English manuscripts are equally welcome. Members Gesellschaft e.V. of Arachnologische Gesellschaft receive the printed issues. There are no page charges. URL: http://www.AraGes.de Arachnology Letters is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Autorenhinweise / Author guidelines www.AraGes.de/aramit/ Schriftleitung / Editors Theo Blick, Senckenberg Research Institute, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt/M. and Callistus, Gemeinschaft für Zoologische & Ökologische Untersuchungen, D-95503 Hummeltal; E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected] Sascha
    [Show full text]
  • Geological History and Phylogeny of Chelicerata
    Arthropod Structure & Development 39 (2010) 124–142 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Arthropod Structure & Development journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/asd Review Article Geological history and phylogeny of Chelicerata Jason A. Dunlop* Museum fu¨r Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstraße 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany article info abstract Article history: Chelicerata probably appeared during the Cambrian period. Their precise origins remain unclear, but may Received 1 December 2009 lie among the so-called great appendage arthropods. By the late Cambrian there is evidence for both Accepted 13 January 2010 Pycnogonida and Euchelicerata. Relationships between the principal euchelicerate lineages are unre- solved, but Xiphosura, Eurypterida and Chasmataspidida (the last two extinct), are all known as body Keywords: fossils from the Ordovician. The fourth group, Arachnida, was found monophyletic in most recent studies. Arachnida Arachnids are known unequivocally from the Silurian (a putative Ordovician mite remains controversial), Fossil record and the balance of evidence favours a common, terrestrial ancestor. Recent work recognises four prin- Phylogeny Evolutionary tree cipal arachnid clades: Stethostomata, Haplocnemata, Acaromorpha and Pantetrapulmonata, of which the pantetrapulmonates (spiders and their relatives) are probably the most robust grouping. Stethostomata includes Scorpiones (Silurian–Recent) and Opiliones (Devonian–Recent), while
    [Show full text]
  • By Heterophrynus Sp. (Arachnida, Phrynidae) in a Cave in the Chapada Das Mesas National Park, State of Maranhão, Brazil
    Crossref 10 ANOS Similarity Check Powered by iThenticate SCIENTIFIC NOTE DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v10n1p49-52 Predation of Tropidurus oreadicus (Reptilia, Tropiduridae) by Heterophrynus sp. (Arachnida, Phrynidae) in a cave in the Chapada das Mesas National Park, state of Maranhão, Brazil Fábio Antônio de Oliveira1, Gabriel de Avila Batista2, Karla Dayane de Lima Pereira3, Lucas Gabriel Machado Frota4, Victoria Sousa5, Layla Simone dos Santos Cruz6, Karll Cavalcante Pinto7 1. Biólogo (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brasil). Doutorando em Geologia (Universidade de Brasília, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/6651314736341253 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8125-6339 2. Biólogo (Anhanguera Educacional, Brasil). Doutorando em Recursos Naturais do Cerrado (Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/1131941234593219 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4284-2591 3. Bióloga (Anhanguera Educacional, Brasil). Mestranda em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado (Instituto Federal Goiano, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/4328373742442270 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-8948 4. Biólogo (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brasil). Analista Ambiental da Biota Projetos e Consultoria Ambiental LTDA, Brasil. [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/7083829373324504 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-9480 5. Bióloga (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brasil). Mestranda em Ecologia e Evolução (Universidade Federal de Goiás, Brasil). [email protected] http://lattes.cnpq.br/0747140109675656 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-5698 6. Bióloga (Centro Universitário de Goiás, Brasil). Especialista em Perícia, Auditoria e Gestão Ambiental (Instituto de Especialização e Pós-Graduação (IEPG)/Faculdade Oswaldo Cruz, Brasil).
    [Show full text]
  • J. Pétillon, A. François, D. Lafage
    Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 41.1 (2018) 19 Short–term effects of horse grazing on spider assemblages of a dry meadow (Western France) J. Pétillon, A. François, D. Lafage Pétillon. J., François, A., Lafage, D., 2018. Short–term effects of horse grazing on spider assemblages of a dry meadow (Western France). Animal Biodiversity and Conservation, 41.1: 19–32, Doi: https://doi.org/10.32800/ abc.2018.41.0019 Abstract Short–term effects of horse grazing on spider assemblages of a dry meadow (Western France). In this study, the biodiversity impacts of a little studied herbivore, the horse, were assessed in a high conservation value habitat of dry meadows in Brittany (Western France). Spiders, a diversified and abundant group of predators, were used as bioindicators. Three complementary sampling techniques were used to assess changes in spider assemblages in both soil and vegetation strata, over time (diachronic comparison of managed unit before vs. after management) and space (synchronic comparison of managed vs. control units). Few effects of grazing, i.e. only one significantly indicative species, were found on assemblage composition (ANOSIM), and none on abundances, α– and β– diversities (GLM on pitfall trap data). On the contrary, important differences were found between units before management took place. The main effects of grazing management were revealed over time (after one year), and not between managed and control units (CCA on pitfall trap data and x²–tests on guilds from each sampling method), showing the relevance of a diachronic approach more than a synchronic approach in such management monitoring. Grazing by horses could be relevant to manage meadows because it creates a high spatial heterogeneity, but further (long–term) studies including other model groups are required.
    [Show full text]
  • Spider Ecology in Southwestern Zimbabwe, with Emphasis on the Impact of Holistic Planned Grazing Practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis
    Spider ecology in southwestern Zimbabwe, with emphasis on the impact of holistic planned grazing practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis submitted in satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State January 2020 Supervisors Prof. Charles R. Haddad (PhD): Associate Professor: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. Prof. Stefan H. Foord (PhD): Professor: Department of Zoology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa. Dr. Moira J FitzPatrick (PhD): Regional Director: Natural History Museums of Zimbabwe, cnr Park Road and Leopold Takawira Avenue, Centenary Park Suburbs, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. i STUDENT DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby assert that the work included in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not beforehand in its totality or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. I also relinquish copyright of the thesis in favour of the University of the Free State. S. Sebata 31 January 2020 ii SUPERVISOR DECLARATION iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to all the spiders that lost their lives in the name of Science. iv ABSTRACT The current information on Zimbabwean spiders is fairly poor and is mostly restricted to taxonomic descriptions, while their ecology remains largely unknown. While taxonomic studies are very important, as many species are becoming extinct before they are described, a focus on the ecology of spiders is also essential, as it helps with addressing vital questions such as the effect of anthropogenic activities on spider fauna.
    [Show full text]
  • A R a N H a S !
    LUIZ CARLOS CORREARD A R A N H A S ! ____________________________________________________________________________ LUIZ CARLOS CORREARD ARANHAS! PESQUISA LOCALIZADA EDIÇÃO DO AUTOR __________________________________________________________________________ Título ARANHAS! © 2009 – Luiz Carlos Correard Pereira Direitos de edição pertencentes ao autor. Todas as fotos foram obtidas na internet. Revisão LCCP Capa Aranha negra (Nephilengys cruentata) Foto: Duardino da Fonseca ____________________________________________________________________________ 2 A todas as Aranhas. Aos que gostam de Aranhas, as reais e as metafóricas. Aos que gostam da Natureza. Deo vult placari precibus, Natura non vult verbi 3 ÍNDICE 1. INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................... 5 2. UMA TEIAZINHA DE LETRAS ............................................. 6 3. MORFOLOGIA ......................................................................... 7 4. EVOLUÇÃO E CLASSIFICAÇÃO ......................................... 8 5. ARANHAS! ................................................................................ 9 6. CURIOSIDADES, HISTÓRIAS E MITOS ........................... 46 7. REFERÊNCIAS ...................................................................... 49 4 1. INTRODUÇÃO Você tem medo de aranhas? Pois saiba que não é o único. Muita gente que diz não ter medo de nada fica pálida de susto quando vê uma simples aranha de jardim passando mais ou menos perto de onde esteja. Mas... como um animal tão pequeno pode despertar um
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Indian Species Formerly Assigned to the Genus Storena Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with the Descriptio
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2020 Band/Volume: 0707 Autor(en)/Author(s): Sankaran Pradeep M., Caleb John T. D., Sebastian Pothalil A. Artikel/Article: A review of the Indian species formerly assigned to the genus Storena Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with the description of a new genus 1-23 European Journal of Taxonomy 707: 1–23 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.707 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2020 · Sankaran P.M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1878F531-70CD-4294-88A7-A96291B60801 A review of the Indian species formerly assigned to the genus Storena Walckenaer, 1805 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with the description of a new genus Pradeep M. SANKARAN 1,*, John T.D. CALEB 2 & Pothalil A. SEBASTIAN 3 1,3 Division of Arachnology, Department of Zoology, Sacred Heart College, Thevara, Cochin, Kerala 682 013, India. 2 Zoological Survey of India, Prani Vigyan Bhawan, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, West Bengal 700 053, India. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 2 Email: [email protected] 3 Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:0AEC69AA-7E17-401F-B83B-280C2F04AC6E 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:2B3052EB-5000-4A94-8E38-F88CC308ECAD 3 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:C22767DA-4C75-4685-B77E-2AB058C1091D Abstract. Indian spider species currently assigned to Storena Walckenaer, 1805 are revised mostly based on the type material available in the National Zoological Collection, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata.
    [Show full text]
  • Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa
    SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI.
    [Show full text]