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Graphics Workstation Standards Standards Writers Play a Game of Catch-Up in an Ever Changing Industry

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Graphics Workstation Standards Standards Writers Play a Game of Catch-Up in an Ever Changing Industry = -~ -= --- ~ .-.. = --- -.-. -----~---------- - IIITUi'ii1Jfi IIUIJ----- November 1988 niCDI DU - ---- --- - -- .._- Vol. 4, No. 11 -----._ --- -------._.._._--- -- Engineering Workstations Workstation markets Non-Profit Organ ization Workstation displays U.S. Postage PAID Graphics standards Phillipsburg, N. J. Permit No. 187 =Official Monthly Publication of the Society for Information Display IIITUni•Jn I lUll NOVEMBER 1988 niCDI DU VOL. 4, NO. 11 ~ =---==- =-:::::-- --=~== = --=-~ Cover: Engineering workstations are powerful design tools that can also pro­ 5 Editorial vide compelling design environments-as shown in this prize-winning photograph 8 Workstations-new environment, new market by Ken Gatherum of Boeing Computer The engineering workstation-possibly the most influential new Services Richland, fn c. Cheri Scott design tool of the decade-is still evolving in response to (in photo) worked with colleagues market needs and technical advances. Rick Gerald and Jennie DeVine a1 the Weslinghouse Hanford Company to Paul T. Breen design the displayed 3D graphics model of 11 Displays for workstations the Hanford 100-N nuclear reactor's graphite core stack so the reactor's chain Will the color shadow-mask CRT serve for the workstation of reaction can be optimally moderated when tomorrow? Or will some other technology supplant it? operating conditions change. Hugh C. Masterman 15 Graphics workstation standards Standards writers play a game of catch-up in an ever changing industry. Charles Hafemann 18 Sustaining Members 18 Index to Advertisers 19 Software Notes 20 ID Classified Photo: Ken Gatherum Next Month in Information Display 1988 Technology Roundup • CRTs • Flat displays: plasma, EL, LCD • Large displays • Printers Information Display II 188 J : Ollictal Monthly Publtcatton of the Soctely lor Informal ton Otsplay iDrunl•ln 1 iuil ntc;p1 11'1 Editor: Kenneth I. Werner Pictures to the people-squared Managing Editor: Hildegarde Hammond Contributing Editor: Ronald Cohen Departments Editor: Lynne A. Henderson Cynics aside, the explosive growth of computing Art Director: Hildegarde Hammond with pictures stems not only from the tendency Advertising Manager: Jay Morreale of our universities to graduate students who are District Sales Managers: Ted Lucas both illiterate and innumerate. Even skilled (West), Tom Barron (Midwest), Becky wordsmiths and equation mongerers manipulate Akers (East) graphics interfaces and images with a remark­ able, intuitive proficiency. And well we should. Editorial Advisory Board As children, we manipulate mud pies, not the Dr. Ifay F. Chang, Chairman equations that describe their shapes. Put those Director of Research mud pies on a workstation display and provide Institute of Systems Science the tools to change their displayed shapes directly, and engineers can National University of Singapore have their childlike intuition restored to them. Dr. Frederic J. Kahn But graphical computing, and the overlapping displayed windows that Vice President Greyhawk Systems, Inc. have grown up with it, places heavy demands on display and graphics Koh-lchi Miyaji technology. In this issue, Paul Breen provides an overview of worksta­ Professor tion technology, and Hugh Masterman challenges the display industry to Shibaura Institute of Technology follow where that technology is leading. Despite the vitality of personal Jan Rajchman workstations, the market for them has barely been penetrated. One rea­ Consultant son, says Chuck Hafemann, is the lack of an adequate nonproprietary Aron Vecht graphics interface. In our third article, he sketches the history of graphics Consultant standards and tells us that the long-awaited solution is nearly at hand in the form of PHIGS +. Pictures to the people who compute may be a revolution still in its INFORMATION DISPLAY (ISSN 0362-0972) is published monthly for the Society for Information Di splay by Palisades In · early stages, but the broadcasting of pictures to people who wish to be stitute for Research Se rvices, Inc., 20 1 Varick Street, New York, NY I0014; David Slater, Chief Executive Officer; Leonard H. entertained and informed has already transformed the world. The major Klein, President ; Harold R. Su mm er, Vice President ; Hildegarde technical issue in broadcast television today is whether those pictures Hammond, Secretary; Laura Mangone, Treasurer. EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICES: Palisades Inst itute are of sufficiently high quality. If you are in the habit of viewing your fo r Research Services , Inc., 201 Varick Street, New Yo rk, NY 35-mm slides next to your television screen, the answer is obviously no. I0014; telephone 212/ 620-3371. Send manuscripts to the atten­ tion of the Editor, ID. "Near-35-mm quality" has become the rallying cry of those who feel DISTRICT SALES OFFICES: WEST-Ted Lucas, P .0. Box 852, Cedar Glen, CA 92321; telephone 714/ 337-6627. Tom Brokaw's warts should be seen more clearly. The result has been a MIDWEST-Tom Barron, Pattis/ 3M, 476 1 West Touhy variety of proposals for advanced television systems (ATV). On Septem­ A venue, Lincolnwood, IL 60646; telephone 3121679-1100. EAST -Becky Akers, Pattis/ 3M, 310 Madison Avenue, Suite ber 1, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission issued a "Tentative 1804, New York, NY 1001 7; telephone 212/ 953-2121. Decision and Further Notice of Inquiry'' concerning advanced television SID HEADQUA RTERS, fo r correspondence on subscriptions and membership: Society for Information Display, 8055 West systems in the United States. The FCC concluded that any ATV system Manchester Avenue, Suite 615, Playa del Rey, CA 90293; telephone 213/ 305-1502. adopted for terrestrial transmission (as opposed to direct satellite or cable SUBSCRIPTIONS: Information Display is di st ributed without distribution) must operate within the presently allocated TV transmission charge to those qualified and to SID members as a benefit of membership (annual dues $35.00 U.S. & Canada; $50 elsewhere) . frequency bands and must be compatible with existing sets. The FCC Subscriptions to others: U.S. & Canada: $36.00 one year, $64.00 two years, $90.00 three years, $3.00 single copy; elsewhere: said it wishes to encourage A TV systems and keep regulatory baggage to $72.00 one year, $128.00 two years, $180.00 three years, $6.00 a minimum. s in ~ l e copy. PRINTED by Sheridan Printing Company, 1425 Third Avenue, Thus, of the contending systems, only the Japanese NHK MUSE-E Alpha, NJ 08865. Third-class postage paid at Alpha, NJ. system, which uses a 9-MHz incompatible channel, is disqualified. This POSTMASTER: Send address changes to Society fo r Informa­ tion Di splay, 8055 West Manchester Avenue, Sui te 615, Playa del surprises nobody, least of all NHK, which also has compatible systems Rey, CA 90293. PERMISSIONS: Abstracting is permitted with credit to the under development. Nonetheless, the other proponents of compatible sys­ source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of tems can take deep breaths because MUSE-E (after 17 years of work) is the U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons, providing a fee of $2.00 per article is paid to the Copyright Clearance Center, 21 the most highly developed of all the proposals. In fact, 200 selected Jap­ Congress Street, Salem, MA 01970 (reference serial code 0362-0972188/$2.00 + $0.00). Instructors are permitted to anese households viewed the Seoul Olympics on MUSE-E receivers-200 photocopy iso lated articles for noncommercial classroom use more than used any other advanced system. without fee. This permission does not apply to any special reports or li sts published in this magazine. For other copying, reprint or republication permission , write to Society for In fo rmation Di splay, 8055 West Manchester Avenue, Suite 615 , Playa del Rey, CA 90293 . continued on next page Copyright 0 1988 Society for Information Di splay. All rights reserved. Information Display 11 188 5 SID Executive Committee editorial President: L. E. Tannas, Jr. Vice President: W. F. Goede Treasurer: P. M. Heyman Secretary: A. I. Lakatos Directors, Regional Representatives, continued from previous page and Past President Now comes the hard part: selecting from among the competing com­ Bay Area: H. Sherman patible systems. In addition, the FCC has tossed at least two jokers into Canada: J . Wright the deck by inquiring into the feasibility of (1) not setting any regulatory Dayton: R. Holmes standard, and (2) adopting an open-architecture-receiver approach (Para­ Delaware Valley: S. Filarsky graph 122). Detroit: Z. Yaniv Europe: C.J. Gerritsma Would an open-architecture receiver be digital? Would it use a VME Japan: M. Ashikawa bus? Will my PHIGS + graphics board fit into my Dumont advanced tel­ Los Angeles: P. Baron evision? My questions are not entirely serious, but the point is . If the Mid-Atlantic: H. Funk FCC is inclined to escape from its standards-setting responsibilities by us­ Minneapolis/ St. Paul: T. Werner ing open architecture as a getaway car, someone will still have to stan­ New England: D. Heller San Diego: R.E. Thoman dardize the bus that ties the open architecture together. U.K. & Ireland: A. Woodhead· However the technical issues confronting workstation and television Past President: J. A. van Raalte designers are resolved, makers of display, graphics, and video systems Committee Chairmen are not likely to face a shortage of new challenges or new opportunities. Academic: L. Weber, L. Todd, Jr. Archives/Historian: R.C. Knepper -Kenneth I. Werner Bylaws: A. Silzars Chapter Formation: J. Erskine Definitions & Standards: P. Keller Acknowledgement: I would like to thank Jack Fuhrer, director of television research at the Honors & Awards: W. Howard David Sarnoff Research Center, and William Glenn, director of the Science and Technol­ IDRC-P. Pleshko ogy Research Center of the New York Institute of Technology, for invaluable information Int'l. Symposium-T. Credelle and insights concerning advanced television systems. However, they should not be held re­ Intersociety: W. Hamilton sponsible for the opinions I've expressed. Membership: T . Nelson Nominations: J. A. van Raalte Publications: T .
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