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T.C. Dokuz Eylül Ünġversġtesġ Güzel Sanatlar Enstġtüsü Seramġk Anasanat Dali Yüksek Lġsans Tezġ

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T.C. Dokuz Eylül Ünġversġtesġ Güzel Sanatlar Enstġtüsü Seramġk Anasanat Dali Yüksek Lġsans Tezġ T.C. DOKUZ EYLÜL ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ GÜZEL SANATLAR ENSTĠTÜSÜ SERAMĠK ANASANAT DALI YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ IġIK-MALZEME ĠLĠġKĠSĠ VE BUNA BAĞLI OLARAK PORSELENĠN BĠR SANAT MALZEMESĠ OLARAK KULLANIMI Hazırlayan Oya AġAN DanıĢman Prof. Sevim ÇĠZER ĠZMĠR-2011 YEMĠN METNĠ Yüksek Lisans Tezi olarak sunduğum” IĢık-Malzeme ĠliĢkisi Ve Buna Bağlı Olarak Porselenin Bir Sanat Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı” adlı çalıĢmanın, tarafımdan, bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düĢecek bir yardıma baĢvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin bibliyografyada gösterilenlerden oluĢtuğunu, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmıĢ olduğunu belirtir ve bunu onurumla doğrularım. ..../..../....... Oya AġAN ii TUTANAK Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü‟ nün ......./......../...... tarih ve ......sayılı toplantısında oluĢturulan jüri, Lisansüstü Öğretim Yönetmeliği‟nin ........maddesine göre Seramik Anabilim Dalı Yüksek Lisans öğrencisi Oya AġAN‟ın “IĢık-Malzeme ĠliĢkisi Ve Buna Bağlı Olarak Porselenin Bir Sanat Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı” konulu tezi/projesi incelenmiĢ ve aday ......./....../........ tarihinde, saat .......‟ da jüri önünde tez savunmasına alınmıĢtır. Adayın kiĢisel çalıĢmaya dayanan tezini/projesini savunmasından sonra ......... dakikalık süre içinde gerek tez konusu, gerekse tezin dayanağı olan anabilim dallarından jüri üyelerine sorulan sorulara verdiği cevaplar değerlendirilerek tezin/projenin .............................olduğuna oy...................ile karar verildi. BAġKAN ÜYE ÜYE iii YÜKSEKÖĞRETĠM KURULU DOKÜMANTASYON MERKEZĠ TEZ/PROJE VERİ FORMU Tez/Proje No: Konu Kodu: Üniv. Kodu: Not: Bu bölüm merkezimiz tarafından doldurulacaktır. Tez/Proje Yazarının Soyadı: AġAN Adı: Oya Tezin/Projenin Türkçe Adı: IĢık-Malzeme ĠliĢkisi ve Buna Bağlı Olarak Porselenin Bir Sanat Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı Tezin/Projenin Yabancı Dildeki Adı: Light-Material relationship and use of porcelain as an Art material. Tezin/Projenin Yapıldığı Üniversitesi: D.E.Ü. Enstitü: G.S.E. Yıl: 2011 Diğer KuruluĢlar : Tezin/Projenin Türü: Yüksek Lisans: Dili: Türkçe Doktora: Sayfa Sayısı: 158 Tıpta Uzmanlık: Referans Sayısı: 34 Sanatta Yeterlilik: Tez/Proje Danışmanlarının Ünvanı: Prof. Adı: Sevim Soyadı: ÇĠZER Türkçe Anahtar Kelimeler: Ġngilizce Anahtar Kelimeler: 1- IĢık 1- Light 2- Seramik 2- Ceramic 3- Porselen 3- Porcelain 4- Saydam Porselen 4- Translucent Porcelain Tarih: Ġmza: Tezimin EriĢim Sayfasında Yayınlanmasını Ġstiyorum Evet Hayır iv ÖZET “IĢık-Malzeme ĠliĢkisi ve Buna Bağlı Olarak Porselenin Bir Sanat Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı” isimli çalıĢmam dört ana bölümden oluĢmaktadır. Ġlk bölüme “Porselen” adı verilmiĢtir. Bu bölümde porseleninin tanımına tarihçesine, porselen yapımında kullanılan hammaddelere, porselen çeĢitlerine, kemik porseleninin tanımı ve tarihçesine değinilmiĢ, bu konular hakkında bilgiler verilmiĢtir. Ġkinci bölümde ıĢık ve porselen iliĢkisine, yapılan sanatsal çalıĢmalarda porselenin bir sanat malzemesi olarak kullanımına, porselenin yapım ve piĢirim aĢamalarına değinilmiĢtir. Üçüncü bölümde ise, ıĢık geçirgenlik özelliğine iĢlerinde yer veren günümüz çağdaĢ seramik sanatçıları ve kullandıkları teknikler tanıtılmıĢ. Porselenin bir sanat malzemesi olarak kullanımı ve ıĢığın sanatsal açıdan esere katkıları, sanatçıların kullandıkları teknikler, örneklerle incelenmiĢtir. Dördüncü ve son bölüm olan “Yapılan Deneysel ve Sanatsal ÇalıĢmalar” bölümünde çamur denemelerine, porselen ıĢık geçirgen çalıĢmalarına ve yapım tekniklerine yer verilmiĢtir. Sonuç bölümünde ise ıĢığın malzeme ile olan iliĢkisi, sanatsal açıdan esere kattığı değer incelenmiĢ, yapılan araĢtırmalar ve elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiĢtir. v ABSTRACT Light-Material relationship and use of porcelain as an Art materialconsists of four main sections. The first section is called Porcelain. Description of the history of porcelain in this section, raw materials used in making porcelain, bone china and porcelain definition and history of the types mentioned, information is given about these issues. In the second part the relationship of light and porcelain, artistic studies, the use of porcelain as an art material, porcelain and firing stages of production were mentioned. In the third section, the light transmittance characteristics of works of contemporary ceramic artists, and they use the techniques introduced today. The use of porcelain as an art material contributions and artistic point of light, were examples of the techniques used by artists. The fourth and final section, the experimental trials and Artistic Works in the clay, the work of translucent porcelain lighting and construction techniques are presented. In the conclusion of the light material relationship with the value it adds to the artistic point of monuments has been examined and the data obtained from studies evaluated. vi ÖNSÖZ “IĢık-Malzeme ĠliĢkisi ve Buna Bağlı Olarak Porselenin Bir Sanat Malzemesi Olarak Kullanımı” isimli bu çalıĢma Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Enstitüsü Seramik ve Cam Ana Sanat Dalı‟nda Prof. Sevim ÇĠZER yönetiminde hazırlanmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmamda porselenin tarihsel sürecine, porselen üretilirken kullanılan hammaddelere, porselenin ıĢık geçirgenlik özelliğine, bu özelliği ön plana çıkararak çalıĢmalarını sürdüren sanatçılara, ıĢığın sanatsal iĢlere olan katkısına ve porselenin bu bağlamda bir sanat malzemesi olarak kullanımına değinilmiĢtir. Uygulama bölümünde ise porselen çamur denemeleri yapılmıĢ ve yine hazırlanan bu bünyelerle ıĢık geçirgenliğine sahip eserler üretilmiĢtir. Bu tezi hazırlamam sırasında yardım ve desteklerini hiçbir zaman esirgemeyen Bölüm BaĢkanım ve Tez danıĢmanım Prof. Sevim ÇĠZER‟e, katkılarından dolayı teĢekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca çalıĢmalarımın her aĢamasında beni yönlendiren, yapıcı eleĢtirileri ile tez çalıĢmamın her aĢamasında fikirleri ile tezin Ģekillenmesinde büyük katkı sağlayan Ġsmet YÜKSEL‟ e, Füsun ÇÖVENOĞLU‟ na, tüm bölüm hocalarıma ve sevgili arkadaĢlarıma Manevi desteğini esirgemeyen aileme sonsuz teĢekkür ederim. Oya AġAN vii ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER IġIK-MALZEME ĠLĠġKĠSĠ VE BUNA BAĞLI OLARAK PORSELENĠN BĠR SANAT MALZEMESĠ OLARAK KULLANIMI YEMĠN METNĠ ........................................................................................................... ii TUTANAK ................................................................................................................. iii ÖZET ........................................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................ vi ÖNSÖZ ...................................................................................................................... vii FOTOĞRAF LĠSTESĠ ................................................................................................ xi GĠRĠġ ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.BÖLÜM PORSELEN 1.1 PORSELENĠN TANIMI TARĠHÇESĠ ......................................................... 2 1.2 PORSELEN ÇEġĠTLERĠ ................................................................................ 7 1.2.1 Sert Porselen ............................................................................................. 10 1.2.2 YumuĢak Porselen ..................................................................................... 11 1.3. PORSELEN YAPIMINDA KULLANILAN HAMMADDELER ............ 13 1.3.1 Kaolin (China Clay)(Al2O3, 2SiO2 2H2O)................................................. 13 1.3.2. Potasyum Feldspatı (K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2) .................................................. 14 1.3.3. Kuvars (SiO2) ........................................................................................... 14 1.3.4. Ball Clay .................................................................................................. 15 1.3.5. Bentonit .................................................................................................... 15 1.3.6 Cornish Stone ............................................................................................ 16 1.4.KEMĠK PORSELENĠNĠN TANIMI TARĠHÇESĠ ..................................... 16 2.BÖLÜM IġIK VE PORSELEN 2.1. IġIK VE SERAMĠK ...................................................................................... 19 2.1.1. Porselen ve IĢık Geçirgenliği ................................................................... 22 2.2.SANATSAL OLARAK IġIĞIN PORSELEN MALZEMESĠYLE KULLANIMI ........................................................................................................ 24 2.2.1. IĢık Geçirgen Yüzeyler Ġçin Kullanılan Dekor Teknikleri ........................... 25 viii 2.2.2 IĢık Geçirgen Yüzeyler Ġçin PiĢirim Süreci .............................................. 31 3.BÖLÜM IġIK GEÇĠRGENLĠK ÖZELLĠĞĠNĠ KULLANARAK ÇALIġAN SANATÇILAR, KULLANDIKLARI TEKNĠKLER VE ÇALIġMALARINDAN ÖRNEKLER 3.1.ANGELA MELLOR (ĠNGĠLTERE) ............................................................ 41 3.2.ARNE ASE (NORVEÇ) ................................................................................. 51 3.3.ARNOLD ANNEN (ĠSVĠÇRE) ..................................................................... 54 3.4.CHRIS WIGHT(ĠNGĠLTERE) ..................................................................... 63 3.5.DOROTHY FEIBLEMAN (AMERĠKA) ..................................................... 74 3.6.MARGARET O’RORKE (ĠNGĠLTERE) .................................................... 86 3.7.SASHA WARDELL(ĠNGĠLTERE)
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