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Wisconsin Magazine of History Wisconsin I Magazine of History Harry L. Russell in Europe EDWARD H. BEARDSLEY Irvine L. Lcnroot and the RepuWican Primary of 1908 ROBERT GRIFFITH Letters of a Wisconsin Boy in tfie A.E.F. Antimilitarism at State Universities JAMES H. HAWKES Proceedings of tlie One Hundred and l^neteenih Annual Meeting Published by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin / Vol. XLIX, No. 1 / Autumn, 1965 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Director Officers SCOTT M. CUTLIP, President HERBERT V. KOHLER, Honorary Vice-President JOHN C. GEILFUSS, First Vice-President E. E. HoMSTAD, Treasurer CLIFFORD D. SWANSON, Second Vice-President LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Secretary Board of Curators Ex-Officio WARREN P. KNOWLES, Governor of the State MRS. DENA A. SMITH, State Treasurer ROBERT C. ZIMMERMAN, Secretary of State FRED H. HARRINGTON, President of the University ANGUS B. ROTHWELL, Superintendent of Public Instruction MRS. JOSEPH C. GAMROTH, President of the Women's Auxiliary Term Expires, 1966 E. DAVID CRONON MRS. ROBERT E. FRIEND JOHN C. GEILFUSS J. WARD RECTOR Madison Hartland Milwaukee Milwaukee SCOTT M. CUTLIP EDWARD FROMM MRS. HOWARD T. GREENE JAMES A. RILEY Madison Hamburg Genesee Depot Eau Claire W. NORMAN FITZGERALD ROBERT A. GEHRKE ROBERT L. PIERCE CLIFFORD D. SWANSON Milwaukee Ripon Menomonie Stevens Point Term Expires, 1967 THOMAS H. BARLAND E. E. HoMSTAD MRS. RAYMOND J. KOLTES FREDERIC SAMMOND Eau Claire Black River Falls Madison Milwaukee M. J. DYRUD MRS. CHARLES B. JACKSON FREDERICK I. OLSON DONALD C. SLIGHTER Prairie du Chien Nashotah Wauwatosa Milwaukee JIM DAN HILL MRS. VINCENT W. KOCH F. HARWOOD ORBISON LOUIS C. SMITH Middleton Janesville Appleton Lancaster Term Expires, 1968 GEORGE BANTA, JR. MRS. JOHN N. MILLER MILO K. SWANTON CLARK WILKINSON Menasha Wisconsin Rapids Madison Baraboo KENNETH W. HAACENSEN ROBERT B. L. MURPHY FREDERICK N. TROWBRIDGE STEPHEN P. J. WOOD Oconomowoc Madison Green Bay Beloit WILLIAM F. STARK CEDRIC A. VIC Pewaukee Rhinelander Honorary Honorary Life Members WILLIAM ASHBY MCCLOY, Winnipeg PRESTON E. MCNALL, Madison MRS. LITTA BASCOM, Madison DOROTHY L. PARK, Madison Fellows VERNON CARSTENSEN MERLE CURTI ALICE E. SMITH The Women's Auxiliary Officers MRS. JOSEPH C. GAMROTH, Madison, President MRS. WILLIAM H. L. SMYTHE, Milwaukee, Vice-President MRS. EDWARD H. RIKKERS, Madison, Secretary MRS. WILLIAM E. HUG, Neenah, Treasurer MRS. EDMUND K. NIELSON, Appleton, Assistant Treasurer MRS. W. NORMAN FITZGERALD, Milwaukee, Ex-Officio VOLUME 49, NUMBER 1/AUTUMN, 1965 Wisconsin Magazine of History WILLIAM CONVERSE HAYGOOD, Editor PAUL H. HASS, Associate Editor The Building Addition (Part 11) : The General Library 2 The Making of a Scientist: Harry L. Russell in Europe 3 EDWARD H. BEARDSLEY Prelude to Insurgency: Irvine L. Lenroot and the Republican Primary of 1908 16 ROBERT GRIFFITH Somewhere in France: Letters of a Wisconsin Boy in the A.E.F., 1918 29 Edited by PAUL H. HASS Antimilitarism at State Universities: The Campaign Against Compulsory R.O.T.C, 1920-1940 41 JAMES H. HAWKES Proceedings of the One Hundred and Nineteenth Annual Business Meeting of the State Historical Society 55 Book Reviews 82 Accessions 95 Contributors 98 Donors i-xxi Published Quarterly by The State Historical Society of Wisconsin THE WISCONSIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY is published not assume responsibility for statements made by contribu­ quarterly by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, tors. Second-class postage paid at Madison, Wisconsin. 816 State Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706. Distributed Copyright 1965 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. to members as part of their dues (Annual membership, Paid for in part by the Maria L. and Simeon Mills Editorial $5.00; Family membership, $7.00; Contributing, $10; Busi­ Fund and by the George B. Burrows Fund. Wisconsin news­ ness and Professional, $25 ; Sustaining, $100 or more annual­ papers may reprint any article appearing in the WISCON­ ly; Patron, $1000 or more annually). Single numbers, $1.25. SIN MAGAZINE OF HISTORY providing the story carries Microfilmed copies available through University Microfilms, the following credit line: Reprinted from the State Histori­ 313 North First Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Communica­ cal Society's Wisconsin Magazine of History for [insert the tions should be addressed to the editor. The Society does season and year which appear on the Magazinel. THE BUILDING ADDITION (PART II): The General Library HE Society has several distinct libraries using its own system. The prospect of new T which together make up our American quarters and physical changes raises the ques­ History Research Library. We have come to tion of whether we should abandon our pre­ distinguish among them, not to confuse our sent cataloging system. patrons and friends, but to give each the pro­ Our acquisitions policies need review, also. per emphasis and recognition it deserves. Sim­ Our function as the American history research ply stated, our libraries consist of our sepa­ library for the University of Wisconsin has rate collections of iconographic materials; increased, but our patrons now extend beyond state and local archives; manuscripts and the University family. We should make sure maps; and published books, newspapers, that we are collecting to meet these new de­ pamphlets, and government documents. mands. Furthermore, American history itself To this last category of published materials has expanded to include new areas like the we have given the name General Library. It history of technology or the history of mass is the library most familiar to our users, with communications which, once ignored, now de­ its attractive high-ceilinged reading room on mand close attention. As American historv the second floor. It is one of the nation's specializes, we are faced with a lack of acqui­ great research libraries. sitions specialists on our staff who are trained to follow publication developments in the vari­ The building addition, now under construc­ ous special fields and who can prepare biblio­ tion, promises to relieve some sensitive General graphic material to help our users. This is Library problems and open some new areas standard practice in research libraries but we for exploration. While the General Library have not had the funds to undertake it. These will not move its collections, it will have at are some of the questions which require care­ least six stack floors for needed expansion. ful reflection, as we expand into new quar­ The major physical changes will occur on the ters. second main floor. We expect to clear the reading room of the card catalogs and service As things stand now, we are not yet large desk, moving them back (or west) under the enough to use data processing equipment eco­ balcony and thereby providing twice the exist­ nomically, but the time is not far off. We ing space for reading purposes. We plan a want to be ready when that time comes, rare book room accessible to service staff and whether we think in terms of simple data pro­ a restricted book area for unique or valuable cessing problems like inventory control, books materials which are not rated as rare Ameri­ in circulation, or purchase orders, or whether cana. These and other physical changes will we think about the larger problems of com­ result in a closer juxtaposition of acquisi­ puterized cataloging systems and bibliogra­ tions, cataloging, reference, and service func­ phic aids. tions which will give us an opportunity to ex­ Here are the elements of a study in depth of periment with new procedures and make for our library, and the Board of Curators has more efficient working quarters for the libra­ instructed me to explore the possibilities of ry staff. such a study. We would call on specialists The building addition and the changes it in the library field from all over the country will bring call for an intensive look into the to assist us. We would count upon them to total program of the General Library. Basic acquaint themselves with our operation and questions of cataloging and acquisitions, which our problems intimately enough so that their rest on policy decisions at the Board of Cura­ recommendations will be relevant. We need tors level, confront us. From the beginning ideas, touched with the spirit of experiment, the Society has used the Cutter cataloging yet aimed at efficiency and grounded in ex­ system and it has worked out fairly well, but perience. The Society's General Library, a the system has some inelasticities and the dis­ Wisconsin jewel for generations, deserves no advantage of not being well known. More­ less. over, the Library of Congress performs a pre­ liminary cataloging service for most books, L. H. F., JR. The laboratory of Elie Metchnl- koff in the Pasteur Institute, Paris, where the young Harry Russell received part of his Euro­ pean training. McClurc's Magazine, 1893 THE MAKING OF A SCIENTIST: Harry L. Russell in Europe By EDWARD H. BEARDSLEY taken nearly every undergraduate botany course which the University offered. Excell­ ing in all of them, he soon won the chance EPTEMBER, 1884, saw the opening of to earn while he toiled. In the spring of 1886- S another school year at the University of 1887 he assisted in an Agricultural College Wisconsin in Madison. One of the incoming short course, teaching a class in grasses and freshmen, a strapping, curly-headed, big-fram­ weeds for twenty-five cents an hour—not a ed youth, was Harry Luman Russell, a doctor's bad wage for that day. Furthermore, the work son from the nearby town of Poynette. As offered "good training," Russell thought, "if a result of home influences, young Russell had I should decide to go into teaching as a pro­ a strong bent for the natural sciences. His fession."^ His progress soon caught the notice mother, an invalid since Harry's birth, had of biologist Edward A.
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