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Ethiopia Gibe III Hydropower Project Independent review and studies regarding the Environmental & Social Impact Assessments for the Gibe III Hydropower Project Final report May 2010 Prepared for Prepared by 6 rue de Loraine ‐ 38130 Echirolles ‐ France Tél : + 33 4 76 33 40 00 www.sogreah.fr Report n° 1.74.1553.R3 V 10.05.10 SOGREAH – BYN / DBN - N° 1741553 – May 2010 a Content i Issue and revision record Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description Draft V 05.03.10 March 05, 2010 Bernard YON Dominique BUFFIN Marc GIROUSSENS Issued for review Draft V 23.03.10 March 23, 2010 Bernard YON Dominique BUFFIN Marc GIROUSSENS Issued for review Final V 10.05.10 May 10, 2010 Bernard YON Dominique BUFFIN Marc GIROUSSENS Issued for review Ethiopia - EIB - Review of EIA for Gibe III hydropowerEthiopia Review of EIA project – Final report - EIB SOGREAH – BYN / DBN - N° 1741553 – May 2010 Content ii Content Executive summary a Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Scope of the Assignment 2 1.3 Independent Review approach 2 Chapter 2. ESIA Process & compliance with international standards 4 2.1 ESIA process 4 2.2 Alternatives Analysis 4 2.3 Compliance with International Reference Standards 4 2.4 Compliance with Ethiopian ESIA Procedures 5 2.5 Project Contribution to Millennium Development Goals 5 Chapter 3. Environmental & Social Organization 8 3.1 Organization 8 3.2 Construction activities: Monitoring & reporting 10 3.3 Resettlement & Compensation for Reservoir, Chida-Sodo Road & Permanent Camp 11 3.4 Livelihood & Social Development Implementation and Monitoring – Downstream 13 3.5 Grievance Redress Mechanisms 13 Chapter 4. Baseline Situation 15 4.1 Sources of information 15 4.2 Environmental Baseline 15 4.3 Social Baseline 35 Chapter 5. EHS Management of Construction Sites 55 5.1 EPC Contractor EHS Management 55 5.2 EHS Provisions in EPC Contract 55 5.3 EPC Contractor EHS Documentation 56 5.4 Review of E&S Acceptability of Existing Works 56 5.5 Conclusions 69 Chapter 6. Review of Criticisms from Civil Society Organizations 70 for Gibe III hydropowerEthiopia Review of EIA project – Final report - EIB 6.1 Review of Key E&S Issues Raised 70 6.2 Conclusions of the ESIR Consultant 73 SOGREAH – BYN / DBN - N° 1741553 – May 2010 Content iii Chapter 7. Major Environmental Issues: Impacts & Mitigation 74 7.1 Impacts from Chida-Sodo Road and Transmission Lines 74 7.2 Issues from Reservoir Creation 74 7.3 Reservoir First Impoundment Issues 78 7.4 Reservoir Routine Operation Issues 80 7.5 Downstream River Hydrology Issues 83 7.6 Impacts of Hydrology Alteration on Downstream Ecology 92 7.7 Climate Change Issues 93 7.8 Impacts from Reservoir on Greenhouse Gas Emission 96 7.9 Eligibility of Gibe III to CDM 101 Chapter 8. Review of Social Impacts and Mitigation 105 8.1 Impacts from Reservoir 105 8.2 Impacts from Chida-Sodo Road and Transmission Lines 106 8.3 Downstream Issues 108 8.4 Consultation Process 111 8.5 Summary and Review of ESIA Proposed Social Mitigation and Monitoring Measures 113 Chapter 9. Conclusions & recommendations 120 9.1 Environmental Issues 120 9.2 Social Aspects 121 9.3 Recommended Complementary Investigations and Measures Downstream 122 Chapter 10. Appendices 124 Appendix [1] - List of documents made available to the ESIR team 125 Appendix [2] - List of persons interviewed 126 Appendix [3] - Results of water quality analysis 127 Appendix [4] - EPA Approval letter of the ESIA study 128 Appendix [5] - Results of previous soil surveys 129 Appendix [6] - Kebele population, ethnicity, use of Omo River for recession agriculture & grazing 130 Appendix [7] - Crop water requirements 131 Appendix [8] - Salini environmental Policy and OSHAS & ISO 14001 certification 132 Appendix [9] - HSE clauses in the main contract 133 Appendix [10] - Content of HSE Plan 134 Appendix [11] - Impoundment procedures for wet and dry years 135 Appendix [12] - Hazardous material recycling authorization from EPA 136 Appendix [13] – List of mitigation & monitoring measures from ESIA 137 for Gibe III hydropowerEthiopia Review of EIA project – Final report - EIB SOGREAH – BYN / DBN - N° 1741553 – May 2010 Content iv Figures Figure [1] - Route followed by the Independent Review Team within the project-affected area ........................ 3 Figure [2] - EPC Contractor HSE Department Organization ............................................................................ 9 Figure [3] -Structure of the Resettlement Implementation Unit .................................................................... 11 Figure [4] - Rainfall & Evaporation Distribution Map of the Omo-Gibe Watershed .......................................... 17 Figure [5] - Rainfall Pattern Variation within the Omo-Gibe Watershed ......................................................... 19 Figure [6] - Profile of the Omo River between Gibe III Dam and Lake Turkana ............................................. 19 Figure [7] - Monthly Average Flows at Gibe III ........................................................................................... 21 Figure [8] - Monthly Average Flows at Gibe III & Lake Turkana ................................................................... 23 Figure [9] - Lake Turkana Level Fluctuation, 1900-1994 .............................................................................. 23 Figure [10] - Lake Turkana Height Variation during Period January 1993-January 2010 ................................. 24 Figure [11] - Impact of Lake Turkana Level on Delta Area ........................................................................... 24 Figure [12] - Protected Areas of the Lower Omo ........................................................................................ 31 Figure [13] – Potential areas for irrigation .................................................................................................. 34 Figure [14] – Existing irrigation schemes in lower Omo ............................................................................... 43 Figure [15] - Gibe III First Impoundment Procedure (Average Years) ........................................................... 81 Figure [16] - Gibe III First Impounding Procedure – Evolution of Reservoir Volume (Average Year) ................ 82 Figure [17] - Omo River Flow at Gibe III and at Lake Turkana before and after Dam Implementation ............. 85 Figure [18] -Artificial food (from Monthly flows at Gibe 3 site : average 1964-2001 to lake Turkana) .............. 86 Figure [19] - Example of Flap Gate Barrage ............................................................................................... 88 Figure [20] - Illustration of possible development in the downstream area .................................................... 90 Figure [21] - National Minimum Temperature Trend in Ethiopia (1961-2006) ................................................ 93 Figure [22] - Anticipated Change in Temperature (°c) ................................................................................. 94 Figure [23] - Anticipated Change in Rainfall (%) ......................................................................................... 94 Figure [24] - Annual GHG Contribution of the Various Types of Emission Sources (no Clearing) ...................... 99 Figure [25] - Annual Combined GHG Production of Emission Sources (No Clearing) ..................................... 100 Figure [26] - Reservoir Annual Emissions with and without Clearing of Riverine Forest................................. 100 Figure [27] - Comparison of GHG Emissions from Alternative Power Generation .......................................... 101 Figure [28] - Comparison of Gibe III Average GHG Emissions with Other Dams........................................... 101 Figure [29] - Map of the relocation of the Chida-Sodo Road ...................................................................... 107 Figure [30] - Location of public consultations held at community, kebele and woreda levels (upstream area) 112 Figure [31] - Location of public consultations held in the downstream area ................................................. 113 for Gibe III hydropowerEthiopia Review of EIA project – Final report - EIB SOGREAH – BYN / DBN - N° 1741553 – May 2010 Content v Tables Table [1] - Project Contribution to Millennium Development Goals ................................................................. 7 Table [ 2] - Composition of the Gibe III HEP Resettlement Steering Committee ............................................ 10 Table [3] - Composition of Woreda Resettlement Committees. .................................................................... 12 Table [4] - Composition of Kebele Resettlement Committee. ....................................................................... 13 Table [5] - Composition of Grievance Redress Committee. .......................................................................... 14 Table [6] - Mean Monthly Rainfall at Dam Site ........................................................................................... 18 Table [7] - Mean Monthly Rainfall at Omorate ........................................................................................... 18 Table [8] - Land Suitability for Irrigated Agriculture ................................................................................... 33 Table [9] - Woredas and kebeles affected by Gibe III Resettlement............................................................. 35 Table [10] - Inconsistencies of population data in ESIA .............................................................................
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